List of Archived Posts

2018 Newsgroup Postings (03/24 - 05/14)

Congress Is About to Do a Big Favor for Private Equity Predators
Old word processors
FY18 budget deal yields life-sustaining new wings for the A-10 Warthog
These are the last days of Trump. Next: the rise of Pence
Cutting 'Old Heads' at IBM
The war isn't over. After military service, veterans still fight to endure
Iraq Invasion
Old word processors
Remington gun company files for bankruptcy protection
Graph database on z/OS?
Graph database on z/OS?
Bernanke Beliefs Busted: New Research Foretells QE Domination
The Next Battle Between States And The Feds Is Over Your Personal Data
Graph database on z/OS?
Air Force Risks Losing Third of F-35s If Upkeep Costs Aren't Cut
Old word processors
Old word processors
AFR Report: Private Equity's Failing Grade in the For-Profit College Industry
Old word processors
How China's New Stealth Fighter Could Soon Surpass the US F-22 Raptor
April 1st Corporate Directive
How China's New Stealth Fighter Could Soon Surpass the US F-22 Raptor
Historical Perspectives of the Operational Art
VS History
Old word processors
OFF TOPIC: Spring Break, 1947
DoD watchdog: Air Force failed to effectively manage F-22 modernization
Software Delivery on Tape to be Discontinued
Software Delivery on Tape to be Discontinued
Software Delivery on Tape to be Discontinued
Bottlenecks and Capacity planning
Old word processors
Old word processors
The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts
The First E-mail Scandal, Long Before Hillary Clinton: Iran/Contra
Osborne 1 with speech synthesis
Osborne 1 with speech synthesis
Software Delivery on Tape to be Discontinued
Osborne 1 with speech synthesis
What Happened to the $2.6 Trillion Social Security Trust Fund?
Osborne 1 with speech synthesis
S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs
S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs
S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs
Anatomy of Failure: Why America Loses Every War It Starts
Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam: Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife
Slashdot: Business under-investing in I.T
Who Wrote Fortran IV, Level G?
S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs
S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs
Anatomy of Failure: Why America Loses Every War It Starts
EMV: Why the US migration didn't happen sooner
We the Corporations: How American Businesses Won Their Civil Rights
EMV: Why the US migration didn't happen sooner
We the Corporations: How American Businesses Won Their Civil Rights
Famous paper on security and source code from the '60s or '70s
Famous paper on security and source code from the '60s or '70s
The IRS Really Needs Some New Computers
Prepare for the bankrupt government pension plans!
America's War for the Greater Middle East: A Military History
11 crazy up-close photos of the F-22 Raptor stealth fighter jet soaring through the air
Famous paper on security and source code from the '60s or '70s
The IRS Really Needs Some New Computers
The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem
Has Microsoft commuted suicide
IRS - 60-Year-Old IT System Failed on Tax Day Due to New Hardware (nextgov.com)
off topic 1952 B-52 ad
IBM's Chief Executive's Message to Shareholders 75 Years Ago
The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem
Has Microsoft commuted suicide
Quantity of machine code programmers and quantity of Assembly programmers
off topic All-electric homes
Indian Casino and HA/CMP
Army researchers find the best cyber teams are antisocial cyber teams
The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem
America's War for the Greater Middle East: A Military History
Why the F-35 Isn't Good Enough for Japan
z/VM Live Guest Relocation
z/VM Live Guest Relocation
z/VM Live Guest Relocation
z/VM Live Guest Relocation
What Lies Beyond Capitalism And Socialism?
The Redacted Testimony That Fully Explains Why General MacArthur Was Fired
Economists and the Powerful: Convenient Theories, Distorted Facts, Ample Rewards
Two Vietnams: Ken Burns' and Ours
z/VM Live Guest Relocation
OS/360
The Rise and Fall of Thinking Machines
The G.O.P. Tax Cut Is Draining the Treasury Even Faster Than Expected
Earth's atmosphere just crossed another troubling climate change threshold
The G.O.P. Tax Cut Is Draining the Treasury Even Faster Than Expected
Economists and the Powerful: Convenient Theories, Distorted Facts, Ample Rewards
The G.O.P. Tax Cut Is Draining the Treasury Even Faster Than Expected
Barb
Barb
Tandem Memos
All 50 states now have data breach notification laws
PwC Whistleblower Alleges Fraud in Audits of Silicon Valley Companies
Report: Walmart Workers Cost Taxpayers $6.2 Billion In Public Assistance
Trump to Drop Call for Medicare to Negotiate Lower Drug Prices
Barb
Barb
Cyberattack on Tennessee election website preceded outage
Barb
Iran shrink-wrapped $100 Payments
Trump to Drop Call for Medicare to Negotiate Lower Drug Prices
Has Microsoft commuted suicide
Post WW2 red hunt
F-35
JSF/F-35

Congress Is About to Do a Big Favor for Private Equity Predators

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Congress Is About to Do a Big Favor for Private Equity Predators
Date: 24 Mar 2017
Blog: Facebook
Congress Is About to Do a Big Favor for Private Equity Predators; We're also seeing a central defense of the Bank Lobbyist Act being demolished in record time.
https://www.thenation.com/article/congress-is-about-to-do-a-big-favor-for-private-equity-predators/
The massive omnibus spending bill released Wednesday included a surprise gift to the private-equity industry, which is one of the most powerful players in the financial sector. When this bill passes, it will add another layer of risk to a system already poised to become less stable after the Senate passed its bipartisan bank-deregulation bill earlier this month.
... snip ...

Private-Equity Giants Get a Surprise Win in $1.3 Trillion Spending Bill
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-22/apollo-to-ares-among-surprise-winners-in-congress-spending-bill
Behind the Dodd-Frank Freakout; Elizabeth Warren thinks moderate Democrats are helping Trump to gut Obama's Wall Street reforms. Is she wrong?
https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/03/17/behind-the-dodd-frank-freakout-217645

private equity posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#private.equity
economic mess posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#economic.mess

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Old word processors

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Old word processors
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 25 Mar 2018 08:42:53 -0700
Bob Eager <news0006@eager.cx> writes:
It was possible to get a useful performance increase, at low cost, by changing the CPU.

NEC V20 instead of 8088, V30 instead of 8086. Main improvements in multiply/devide/shift, due to a barrel shifter and stuff. It also had some of the 80186 enhanced instructions, although for compatibility they were not often used.

And if you dug deep, you could switch it into 8085 mode.


Hotshot for PCjr had V20 and more/faster memory, old email with description
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014d.html#email860929
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010c.html#email861114

in these posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010c.html#83 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014d.html#80 IBM PCjr STRIPPED BARE: We tear down the machine Big Blue would rather you forgot
--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

FY18 budget deal yields life-sustaining new wings for the A-10 Warthog

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: FY18 budget deal yields life-sustaining new wings for the A-10 Warthog
Date: 25 Mar 2017
Blog: Facebook
FY18 budget deal yields life-sustaining new wings for the A-10 Warthog
https://www.airforcetimes.com/air/2018/03/23/fy18-budget-deal-yields-life-sustaining-new-wings-for-the-a-10-warthog/

After Desert Storm, Burton recommends a mini-A10, 5-barrel, simple enough to be forward deployed and maintained ... but these days would probably be a drone. F35 politics would have harder time against something significantly cheaper and as effective. Battles with A-10 could be construed as obfuscation and misdirection away from doing something new; delaying new efforts until F-35 is the only thing left, part of some of their arguments

also Burton and Pentagon Wars, Corrupt From Top to Bottom
http://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/03/books/corrupt-from-top-to-bottom.html
But the larger story Mr. Burton recounts is enormously sad. After spending 14 years at the Pentagon in the business of buying weapons, he concludes that it is "a corrupt business -- ethically and morally corrupt from top to bottom." The reform movement he championed has faded. A culture of deception persists at the Pentagon, he says, and his courageous jeremiad mourns the likelihood that this culture will triumph in the end. .
... snip ...

Original A-10, 7barrel, 30mm cannon, original designed for Soviet main battle tank killer (1972)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_Republic_A-10_Thunderbolt_II

GAO Desert Storm air effectiveness study was that A-10 was easily killing so many tanks, that Iraqi tank crews started walking away from their "sitting duck" tanks. Only last 100hrs of 42day Desert Storm was land war, accounts of coalition tank battles with Iraqis and coalition forces taking no damage, don't mention whether Iraqi tanks had anybody home
http://www.gao.gov/products/NSIAD-97-134

Say 7000 (instead of 700) less expensive drone with 20mm or even 50cal for CAS counterinsurgency

Note: Burton had gotten the cost of A10 30mm shells down to $13 (from nearly $100). A million were used in Desert Storm ... or $13M ... not very attractive for military-industrial complex looking to skim trillions.

Part of it is battle between Army ground forces needing close air support and USAF wanting high altitude strategic bombers (with human pilots). Supposedly USAF allowed Army to have their own rotary (helicopters) but all the fixed wing were suppose to be USAF. Trivia:

USAF officers slammed for pranging Predators on manual
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/04/29/young_usaf_predator_pilot_officer_slam/
A senior Pentagon official has delivered a stinging attack on the US Air Force, saying that its philosophy of using fully qualified human pilots to handle unmanned aircraft at all times has resulted in unnecessary, expensive crashes. By contrast, US Army drones with auto-landing equipment and cheaply-trained operators have an enviable record
... snip ...

Boyd had story about being asked to review the latest USAF air-to-air missile (before Vietnam). They showed him all the specs and movies where the missile hit every time. Boyd asked them to replay the film and had them stop it just before the missile struck flares on a drone. Then he asks what kind of guidance does it have and they replied heat seeking. He asks what kind of heat seeking and eventually gets them to say "pin-point". He then asks them what is the hottest part of a jet. They say the jet engine ... he says "wrong", it is in the plume 30yrds behind the jet, rather than hitting every time, it will be lucky to hit 10% of the time. Roll forward to vietnam and he is proved correct. Then USAF general on the ground in vietnam has all the planes grounded while the USAF missiles are replace with Navy sidewinders (that have better than twice the hit rate). The general lasts 3months before he is replaced and called on the carpet back at the pentagon. He has violated fundamental rules of the pentagon, reducing USAF budget by using a more effective missile and much worse, increasing NAVY budget by using NAVY sidewinder. Criteria in the pentagon for running a war is all about how big a budget.

John Boyd's Art of War; Why our greatest military theorist only made colonel.
http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/john-boyds-art-of-war/
Here too Boyd had a favorite line. He often said, 'It is not true the Pentagon has no strategy. It has a strategy, and once you understand what that strategy is, everything the Pentagon does makes sense. The strategy is, don't interrupt the money flow, add to it.'
... snip ...

Note: Burton was member of 1st USAF Academy graduation class on fast path to general when he says Boyd destroyed his career by challenging to do what was right.

Boyd posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html

perpetual war posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#perpetual.war
military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

recent posts mentioning A-10:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017b.html#2 IBM 1970s
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#94 A 40-year "conspiracy" at the VA
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#97 IBM revenue has fallen for 20 quarters -- but it used to run its business very differently
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#1 How Desert Storm Destroyed the US Military
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#22 Ironic old "fortune"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#50 A flaw in the design; The Internet's founders saw its promise but didn't foresee users attacking one another
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#14 Fast OODA-Loops increase Maneuverability
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#58 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#31 Disregard post (another screwup; absolutely nothing to do with computers whatsoever!)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#38 Bullying trivia
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#78 F-35 Multi-Role
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#44 Security Breach and Spilled Secrets Have Shaken the N.S.A. to Its Core
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#73 A-10
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#74 A-10
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#75 A-10
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#11 This is the plane that almost beat out the legendary F-16
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#44 Predicting the future in five years as seen from 1983
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#48 1963 Timesharing: A Solution to Computer Bottlenecks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#79 What the Gulf War Teaches About the Future of War
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#117 F-35: Still No Finish Line in Sight

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

These are the last days of Trump. Next: the rise of Pence

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: These are the last days of Trump. Next: the rise of Pence.
Date: 25 Mar 2017
Blog: Facebook
These are the last days of Trump. Next: the rise of Pence.
https://fabiusmaximus.com/2018/03/25/last-days-of-trump-rise-of-pence/
If you are in a nice safe blue district, but are safely in the minority where you are irrelevant to the governance of the country... What's not to like? You can introduce virtue signaling legislation every session to keep in the good graces of those that keep electing you, meanwhile sucking up copious cash and living the cushy life while *never having to make a vote that matters*. You get to play at being part of the "Resistance", wringing your hands and clutching your pearls at all of the horrible mean things the far right is doing, but at the end of the day it's all kabuki theater and means nothing
...

Note: for some time, DC news (usually weekend radio) will periodically refer to DC politics as Kabuki Theater .... including congress and facade of conflict between the two parties ... just to distract the public ... Roman Circus. Also works to misdirect and exhaust lots of public energies

posts mentioning Kabuki Theater
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#kabuki.theater

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Cutting 'Old Heads' at IBM

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Cutting 'Old Heads' at IBM
Date: 25 Mar 2017
Blog: Facebook
Cutting 'Old Heads' at IBM; As it scrambled to compete in the internet world, the once-dominant tech company cut tens of thousands of U.S. workers, hitting its most senior employees hardest and flouting rules against age bias.
https://features.propublica.org/ibm/ibm-age-discrimination-american-workers/

How the Crowd Led Us to Investigate IBM; Our project started with a digital community of ex-employees.
https://www.propublica.org/article/investigating-ibm-digital-community-ex-employees

Eroding Protection Under the Law; Older Americans who face discrimination on the job can't rely on the courts as much as earlier generations did
https://www.propublica.org/article/americans-age-discrimination-eroding-protection-under-the-law

more IBM, Early 70s, IBM had "Future System" effort that was completely different than 370 and was going to completely replace it. During this period, internal politics were shutting down 370 efforts ... the lack of 370 efforts during this period is credited with giving clone system makers a market foothold. I continued to work on 370 stuff in this period and periodically ridiculed FS stuff ... which wasn't exactly career enhancing activity. Then when FS finally failed there was mad rush to get stuff back into the 370 product pipelines. Ferguson & Morris, "Computer Wars: The Post-IBM World", Time Books (FS reference):
and perhaps most damaging, the old culture under Watson Snr and Jr of free and vigorous debate was replaced with sycophancy and make no waves under Opel and Akers. It's claimed that thereafter, IBM lived in the shadow of defeat
... and:
But because of the heavy investment of face by the top management, F/S took years to kill, although its wrongheadedness was obvious from the very outset. "For the first time, during F/S, outspoken criticism became politically dangerous," recalls a former top executive
... snip ...

In the late 70s and early 80s, I was blamed for online computer conferencing (precursor to social media) on the internal network (larger than the arpanet/internet from just about the beginning until sometime mid-80s). Folklore is that when the corporate executive committee were told about online computer conferencing (and the internal network), 5of6 wanted to fire me.

In the early 80s, I also sponsored Col. Boyd's briefings at IBM ... originally just Patterns of Conflict and then he added Organic Design for Command and Control. In his briefings Boyd would observe that US corporate culture was starting to be contaminated with former military officers steeped in rigid, top-down, command and control. However about the same time, articles started appearing that MBAs were destroying US corporations with their short term financial objectives and financial engineering.

some Boyd refs:

John Boyd's Art of War, Why our greatest military theorist only made colonel
http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/john-boyds-art-of-war/
Spinney tribute to Boyd, behind subscription wall at US Naval Institute
http://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1997-07/genghis-john
lives "free" at
http://radio-weblogs.com/0107127/stories/2002/12/23/genghisJohnChuckSpinneysBioOfJohnBoyd.html

By the time he passes, the USAF had pretty much disowned Boyd; it was the Marines at Arlington and all his effects go to Quantico. Then something of surprise, a Boyd Hall:
There are two career paths in front of you, and you have to choose which path you will follow. One path leads to promotions, titles, and positions of distinction.... The other path leads to doing things that are truly significant for the Air Force, but the rewards will quite often be a kick in the stomach because you may have to cross swords with the party line on occasion. You can't go down both paths, you have to choose. Do you want to be a man of distinction or do you want to do things that really influence the shape of the Air Force? To be or to do, that is the question. Colonel John R. Boyd, USAF 1927-1997

From the dedication of Boyd Hall, United States Air Force Weapons School, Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. 17 September 1999

... snip ...

Boyd posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

The war isn't over. After military service, veterans still fight to endure

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: The war isn't over. After military service, veterans still fight to endure
Date: 25 Mar 2018
Blog: Facebook
The war isn't over. After military service, veterans still fight to endure
https://www.cnbc.com/video/2018/03/22/the-war-isnt-over-after-military-service-veterans-still-fight-to-endure.html

One of the issues is that military-industrial complex has been fighting for every last dollar ... all the lobbying dollars went to increasing budget for defense contractors ... with as little as possible devoted to those currently serving or veterans. I've talked to mental health professionals that as much as possible the VA budget went to drugs that veterans will likely be on for the rest of their life (rather than trying to improve the situation).

past posts referencing VA money going to drugs (in lieu of mental health professionals)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015d.html#76 Greedy Banks Nailed With $5 BILLION+ Fine For Fraud And Corruption
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#110 The Koch-Fueled Plot to Destroy the VA
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#20 Why a Single-Payer Health Care System is Inevitable
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#16 House GOP appallingly votes to conceal cost of Obamacare repeal to taxpayers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#54 [CM] What was your first home computer?

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Iraq Invasion

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Iraq Invasion
Date: 26 Mar 2018
Blog: Facebook
MIC profits

MIC wanted Iraq2 so badly that corporate reps were telling former eastern block countries that if they voted for IRAQ2 invasion in the UN, they would get membership in NATO and (directed appropriation) USAID (can *ONLY* be used for purchase of modern US arms).
https://www.amazon.com/Prophets-War-Lockheed-Military-Industrial-ebook/dp/B0047T86BA/

John Boyd's Art of War; Why our greatest military theorist only made colonel.
http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/john-boyds-art-of-war/
Here too Boyd had a favorite line. He often said, 'It is not true the Pentagon has no strategy. It has a strategy, and once you understand what that strategy is, everything the Pentagon does makes sense. The strategy is, don't interrupt the money flow, add to it.'
... snip ...

Pentagon Wars, Corrupt From Top to Bottom
http://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/03/books/corrupt-from-top-to-bottom.html

oil

Apr2011, Secret memos expose link between oil firms and invasion of Iraq
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/secret-memos-expose-link-between-oil-firms-and-invasion-of-iraq-2269610.html

petrodollar

Petro-dollar at heart of wars
https://www.irishexaminer.com/viewpoints/yourview/petro-dollar-at-heart-of-wars-374398.html
Are The Middle East Wars Really About Forcing the World Into Dollars and Private Central Banking?
https://www.zerohedge.com/contributed/are-middle-east-wars-really-about-forcing-world-dollars-and-private-central-banking
PetroYuan Futures Open - Over 10 BillIon Notional Trades In First Hour
https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2018-03-25/petroyuan-futures-open-over-10-billion-notional-trades-first-hour
Will The Dollar Survive The Petro-Yuan?
https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Will-The-Dollar-Survive-The-Petro-Yuan.html

...

lots of different entities all with interest in Iraq Invasion.

How the Iraq War Was Sold
https://www.counterpunch.org/2016/07/08/how-the-iraq-war-was-sold/
To understand the Iraq war you don't need to consult generals, but the spin doctors and PR flacks who stage-managed the countdown to war from the murky corridors of Washington where politics, corporate spin and psy-ops spooks cohabit.
... snip ...

perpetual war posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#perpetual.war
military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex
merchants of doubt posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#merchants.of.doubt

recent posts mentioning Iraq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#3 Pension Plans
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#5 "It Felt Like Being In The Matrix" - James Risen's Stunning Inside Story
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#12 Predicting the future in five years as seen from 1983
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#14 Predicting the future in five years as seen from 1983
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#72 The Next New Military Specialty Should Be Software Developers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#73 Why People Dislike Really Smart Leaders
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#23 Important US technology companies sold to foreigners
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#24 Important US technology companies sold to foreigners
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#30 free, huh, was Bitcoin confusion?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#45 More Guns Do Not Stop More Crimes, Evidence Shows
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#60 Revealed - the capitalist network that runs the world
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#65 Doubts about the HR departments that require knowledge of technology that does not exist
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#68 Doubts about the HR departments that require knowledge of technology that does not exist
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#79 What the Gulf War Teaches About the Future of War
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#81 What the Gulf War Teaches About the Future of War
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#88 Iraq war costs U.S. more than $2 trillion: study
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#101 The Iraq War continues to divide the U.S. public, 15 years after it began
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#108 The Iraq War continues to divide the U.S. public, 15 years after it began
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#110 The Iraq War continues to divide the U.S. public, 15 years after it began
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#115 Chevron's lawyer, speaking for major oil companies, says climate change is real and it's your fault
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#2 FY18 budget deal yields life-sustaining new wings for the A-10 Warthog

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Old word processors

Refed: **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Old word processors
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 26 Mar 2018 12:26:04 -0700
hancock4 writes:
2) As described above, "touch typing" was more than just knowing the keyboard--those other aspects, too, led to better accuracy and speed. They were taught in typing class. To this day, some computer keyboards have a little rise on the F and J keys to aid the user to find the "home row" for their fingers. My Dell and HP keyboards have them.

3) For myself, using the Teletype in timesharing helped by typing skills.


junior high in the 50s, I found an old discarded typewriter and taught myself how to touch type (got to 50-60 words/min)

later in collete, I didn't notice particular problems with 026, 029, 2741 (80-100 words/min) ... but I found that tty33 ... required significant more pressure and much more distance ... distance comparable to discarded typewriter when I was kid ... but more resistance.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletype_Model_33

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Remington gun company files for bankruptcy protection

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Remington gun company files for bankruptcy protection
Date: 26 Mar 2018
Blog: Facebook
Remington gun company files for bankruptcy protection
http://abcnews.go.com/US/remington-gun-company-files-bankruptcy-protection/story?id=54013831

PE Firm Cerberus Capital's "Rollup" Collapses into Bankruptcy; Bankruptcy becomes an increasingly common "exit." And the pension obligations?
https://wolfstreet.com/2018/03/26/pe-firm-cerberus-capitals-rollup-collapses-into-bankruptcy/
In a leveraged buyout, the acquired company is made to borrow the money for its own acquisition and pay those funds to the acquirer, which uses those funds to pay off the bridge loan originally taken out to fund the initial deal. In other words, the acquirer has little or no equity in the deal, and the acquired company has been loaded up with debt. Hence "leveraged buyout."
... snip ...

Over half of corporate defaults are companies currently or previously in private equity mills
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/05/business/economy/05simmons.html?_r=0

private-equity posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#private.equity

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Graph database on z/OS?

From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: Graph database on z/OS?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 27 Mar 2018 09:13:50 -0700
dcrayford@GMAIL.COM (David Crayford) writes:
I think the general ROT for those kind of systems is that the network defines security. All back-end services should be hidden behind firewalls and not accessible to the outside world. It's a different world these days where everything seems to run on docker images orchestrated by something like kuebernetes and secured by LDAP or whatever. Nobody dishes out userids unless you need admin.

Skip containers and do serverless computing instead; Container technologies like Docker are very powerful, but require talent you can't get. Serverless computing provides the same benefits -- with talent you can actually get
https://www.infoworld.com/article/3265457/containers/why-serverless-is-the-better-option-than-containers.html

we had worked with several people at Oracle on cluster scale-up ... part of getting cluster scale-up being transferred were mainframe DB2 complaining if I was allowed to continue, it would be at least 5yrs ahead of them. Over a period of a few weeks, cluster scale-up was transferred, announced as IBM supercomputer (for technical/scientific *ONLY*) and we were told we couldn't work on anything with more than four processors. we leave a few months later. past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp

not long later, we are brought in as consultants by two of the (former Oracle) people we had worked with ... who were then at a small client/server startup responsible for something called commerce server, the startup had also invented this technology they called "SSL" they wanted to use, the result is now frequently called "electronic commerce".

As webservers got more complex, there was increasing number of RDBMS-backed servers (compared to flat-file based implementations) that had significant larger number of exploits. Part of it was RDBMS were much more complex & corresponding increase in mistakes (along with rapidly exploding demand for scarce skills). A specific example was they would disable all outside connections for RDBMS maintenance ... and during maintenance they would relax various security processes. Complexity of RDBMS met that increasingly likely they would overrun maintenance windows, in mad rush to get back online they would frequently overlook reactivating various security processes.

more recent
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_injection

all of these have web application with access ... and attacks are typically against the web application (where webserver frontends are also responsible for access control).

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Graph database on z/OS?

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: Graph database on z/OS?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 27 Mar 2018 10:27:49 -0700
rob.schramm@GMAIL.COM (Rob Schramm) writes:
Seems like there is a drift about security and walls.. interesting article I found about walls when reading Cryptograms...

https://warontherocks.com/2018/02/wall-wall-fortresses-fail/


re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#9 Graph database on z/OS?

possibly more than you ever wanted to know, in part because of doing electronic commerce, was sucked into financial standards, financial industry critical infrastructure protection, and other efforts, like doing some work with these guys (but from 2004)

Electronic Safety and Soundness Securing Finance in a New Age
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/756761468778791728/pdf/284050PAPER0WBWP026.pdf

This monograph presents a four pillar framework for policymakers in emerging markets to use in designing responses to the challenge of assuring electronic safety and soundness of their financial systems. As such, this paper is focused in part on technological solutions, but more importantly on the incentives of the many parties involved in assuring the security of critical infrastructures--from telecommunications and financial sector service providers to the government and even to the many final consumers of financial or other services.

... snip ...

we had been also brought in to help wordsmith some cal. state legislation, they were working on electronic signature, data breach notification, and opt-in privacy. several entities involved in privacy were involved and had done detailed, in-depth public surveys on privacy and the #1 issue was identity theft, specifically the form involving various breaches that resulted in fraudulent financial transactions.

A problem was that little or nothing was being done about these breaches (except trying to keep them out of the news). A major issue is that entities take security measures in self protection ... the problem with the breaches was that the institutions weren't at risk, it was the public ... so they had little motivation. It was hoped that the publicity from the data breach notifications might motivate institutions to take security measures.

that and a combination of other things resulted in doing financial transaction standard that slightly tweaked the current infrastructure ... and eliminated criminals ability to use information from previous transactions obtained in breaches for doing fraudulent transactions (form of replay attack) ... it didn't prevent breaches, but eliminated risk from (and major motivation for doing) breaches.

two (other) problems: 1) security proportional to risk: value of transaction information to merchant can be a few dollars (and a few cents to transaction processors), the value of the information to criminals can be the account balance (or credit limit) ... as a result criminals may be able to outspend by factor of 100 times attacking (than defenders can afford to spend) and 2) "dual use": transaction information is used for both authentication and dozens of business processes at millions of locations around the world ... as a result it has to be both kept absolutely secure and never divulged and simultaneously readily available.

for various reasons there are numerous stakeholders with vested interests in preserving the status quo.

from the law of unintended consequences ... "SSL" for electronic commerce (worked on earlier) was used to hide financial transaction information during transmission. the "tweak" eliminates the need to hide the information ... whether in transmission or "at rest".

financial transaction standard work
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#x959
and posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#x959
data breach notification posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#data.breach.notification.notification

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Bernanke Beliefs Busted: New Research Foretells QE Domination

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Bernanke Beliefs Busted: New Research Foretells QE Domination
Date: 27 Mar 2018
Blog: Facebook
Bernanke Beliefs Busted: New Research Foretells QE Domination
https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2018-03-27/bernanke-beliefs-busted-new-research-foretells-qe-domination
QE's Untold Story: A Chart That Fed Correspondents Need To Investigate
http://ffwiley.com/blog/2017/10/31/qes-untold-story-a-chart-that-fed-correspondents-should-investigate/

note that FED fought long legal battle to prevent disclosing what it was doing ... when they lost, Bernanke had a press conference and said that he thought that the Too Big To Fail would use the trillions to help mainstreet, when they didn't, he couldn't force them. However, he supposedly was partially selected for being depression era scholar where something similar was tried with the same results, so he should of had no expectations for something different.

tens of trillions in ZIRP funds
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_interest-rate_policy

older refs

Federal Reserve's 'astounding' report: We loaned banks trillions
http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/1201/Federal-Reserve-s-astounding-report-We-loaned-banks-trillions
Bankers' Pay On The Line Again
http://baselinescenario.com/2010/12/23/bankers-pay-on-the-line-again/
Ford, BMW, Toyota Took Secret Government Money
https://jalopnik.com/5704575/ford-bmw-toyota-took-secret-government-money
The crash of 2008: A mathematician's view
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-12/w-tco120808.php

economic mess posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#economic.mess
posts mentioning Federal Reserve chairman
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#fed.chairman
posts mentioning ZIRP
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#zirp
too big to fail (too big to prosecute, too big to jail) posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#too-big-to-fail
(triple-A rated) toxic CDOs posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#toxic.cdo

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

The Next Battle Between States And The Feds Is Over Your Personal Data

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: The Next Battle Between States And The Feds Is Over Your Personal Data
Date: 27 Mar 2018
Blog: Facebook
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#85 The Next Battle Between States And The Feds Is Over Your Personal Data

It's not just Facebook. Thousands of companies are spying on you
https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/26/opinions/data-company-spying-opinion-schneier/index.html

On War - an Andy McNab War Classic: The beautifully reproduced illustrated 1908 edition, with introduction by Andy McNab, notes by Col. F.N. Maude and brief memoir of General Clausewitz
https://www.amazon.com/War-beautifully-reproduced-illustrated-introduction-ebook/dp/B00G3DFLY8/

from intro of the 1908 edition ... loc394-95:
As long as the Socialists only threatened capital they were not seriously interfered with, for the Government knew quite well that the undisputed sway of the employer was not for the ultimate good of the State.
... snip ...

the government needed general population standard of living sufficient that soldiers were willing to fight to preserve their way of life. Capitalists tendency was to reduce worker standard of living to the lowest possible ... below what the government needed for soldier motivation ... and therefor needed socialists as counterbalance to the capitalists in raising the general population standard of living.

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Graph database on z/OS?

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: Graph database on z/OS?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 27 Mar 2018 11:38:09 -0700
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#9 Graph database on z/OS?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#10 Graph database on z/OS?

some old "graph", much earlier I had been involved in original sql/relational implementation, System/R ... some past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#systemr

the "official" next generation DBMS was "EAGLE" ... and while the corporation was focused on EAGLE, we were able to do technology transfer to Endicott for release as SQL/DS. Then when EAGLE implodes, there is request about how fast could System/R be ported to MVS ... eventually released as DB2, originally for decision support only.

About the same time, I was also sucked into helping with a different kind of relational ... that physically instantiated every entity and every relation ... a little more like IMS ... but w/o record pointers ... entities and relations were content addressable indexes. As a result it could represent any kind of information structure ... including tables as well as graphs. IDEA was heavily influenced by System/R in eliminating explicit record numbers with indexing under the covers ... but also Sowa, who was at IBM STL at the time.
http://www.jfsowa.com/pubs/semnet.htm
topic drift, other Sowa reference (about IBM FS)
http://www.jfsowa.com/computer/memo125.htm
http://www.jfsowa.com/computer/

IBM Future System posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

In some respect, System/R (RDBMS) was optimized for financial transactions, tables with account number index and most everything related to the account was physically in same record. IDEA could have separate record for every (indexed) entity and every (indexed) relation (could be 5-10 times physical space of RDBMS tables).

Obvious doing financial transaction ran much faster on RDBMS (one record with all information) than compared to dozen or more records for the same information in IDEA.

However, for non-uniform information structure, IDEA could be several times faster. A large VLSI chip design was loaded into DB2 and then several traces were run to get best optimization. Then DB2 (hihgly optimized) test took nearly 3hrs elapsed time to extract the full chip design running on 3081 with 3380 disks. IDEA running with no optimization on same 3081 and 3380s ... took less than 30mins to extract same chip design (almost ten times faster).

IDEA also had query language that solved/addressed the SQL NULLs problem (IDEA only has fields for things that exist, there is no direct concept of "missing values") ... old archived post from DBMS theory discussion
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003g.html#40 How to cope with missing values - NULLS?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003g.html#41 How to cope with missing values - NULLS?

We also did some work with NIH national library of medicine. They had hired a company to load the NLM "index" information into RDBMS ... they had spent 18months on "normalization" and could only do about 80% of the data (the rest was loaded unnormalized with lots of duplicates). Normalization/integrating new information was taking longer than real time (four months of new medical knowledge was taking more than four months).

I (one person) spent about three weeks doing the equivalent for IDEA.

some NLM refs:
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/umls.html
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/sourcereleasedocs/current/MSH/
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/intro_trees.html

trivia: at the time, NLM still had people that had originally done their mainframe based online catalog in the 60s (BDAM with their own home grown transaction system). This was same time that the univ library had gotten an ONR grant to do online catalog, some of the money was used for 2321 datacell and it was also selected to be betatest site for original CICS product ... and I got tasked with supporting/debugging the CICS implementation (so we had lots of discussion about online catalogs and IBM BDAM). past BDAM/CICS posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#bdam

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Air Force Risks Losing Third of F-35s If Upkeep Costs Aren't Cut

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Air Force Risks Losing Third of F-35s If Upkeep Costs Aren't Cut
Date: 28 Mar 2018
Blog: Facebook
Air Force Risks Losing Third of F-35s If Upkeep Costs Aren't Cut
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-28/air-force-risks-losing-third-of-f-35s-if-upkeep-costs-aren-t-cut

This is F-22: Can't Fly Won't Die
http://nypost.com/2009/07/17/cant-fly-wont-die/
Pilots call high-maintenance aircraft "hangar queens." Well, the F-22's a hangar empress. After three expensive decades in development, the plane meets fewer than one-third of its specified requirements.

Anyway, an enemy wouldn't have to down a single F-22 to defeat it. Just strike the hi-tech maintenance sites, and it's game over. (In WWII, we didn't shoot down every Japanese Zero; we just sank their carriers.) The F-22 isn't going to operate off a dirt strip with a repair tent.

But this is all about lobbying, not about lobbing bombs. Cynically, Lockheed Martin distributed the F-22 workload to nearly every state, employing under-qualified sub-contractors to create local financial stakes in the program. Great politics -- but the result has been a quality collapse.

... snip ...

There were jokes at the time that F-22 couldn't be taken out in weather (because the stealth coating was very vulnerable especially to moisture). There are claims that since then, less moisture vulnerable coating has been developed, used for the F-35 and supposedly retrofitted to F-22 (however, there are concerns that new coating has lower structural integrity and subject to loss/wear at higher top-speed of F-22) ... F-22 constant LO restoration
http://www.tyndall.af.mil/News/Features/Display/Article/669883/lo-how-the-f-22-gets-its-stealth/

From initial F-35 prototype, there was a lot of cost reduction compromise ... originally assuming it would be bomb truck with F-22 flying cover to handle high threat opponents. Comparison analysis of F35 with other planes
http://www.ausairpower.net/jsf.html
has analysis of F35 radar signature at different radar frequencies involving different angles and portions of the frame (lots to say about how cost reduced and compromised stealth compared to original design)
http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-2009-01.html

military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

some recent F-35 posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#36 Disregard post (another screwup; absolutely nothing to do with computers whatsoever!)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#11 The General Who Lost 2 Wars, Leaked Classified Information to His Lover--and Retired With a $220,000 Pension
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#13 Merchants of Doubt
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#24 Systemic Risk
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#38 Bullying trivia
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#51 Russian Hackers Stole NSA Data on U.S. Cyber Defense
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#56 China's mega fortress in Djibouti could be model for its bases in Pakistan
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#69 When Working From Home Doesn't Work
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#78 F-35 Multi-Role
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#84 "Worse Than Big Tobacco": How Big Pharma Fuels the Opioid Epidemic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#35 Tech: we didn't mean for it to turn out like this
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#44 Security Breach and Spilled Secrets Have Shaken the N.S.A. to Its Core
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#63 Sugar Industry Long Downplayed Potential Harms
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#11 This is the plane that almost beat out the legendary F-16
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#48 1963 Timesharing: A Solution to Computer Bottlenecks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#69 The Next New Military Specialty Should Be Software Developers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#17 Important US technology companies sold to foreigners
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#39 Why China's New Supercomputer Is Only Technically the World's Fastest
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#86 Lawmakers to Military: Don't Buy Another 'Money Pit' Like F-35
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#95 The Return Of Haim Bodek - HFT's First Whistleblower
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#114 Chevron's lawyer, speaking for major oil companies, says climate change is real and it's your fault
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#117 F-35: Still No Finish Line in Sight
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#2 FY18 budget deal yields life-sustaining new wings for the A-10 Warthog

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Old word processors

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Old word processors
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 28 Mar 2018 17:09:17 -0700
hancock4 writes:
I'm guessing that in the old days, tabulating machines were used on occasion to cut a mimeo stencil for things like a directory or catalog. I don't know about a computer driven 1403, but probably done there as well, especially back in the early 1960s.

On our Univac 90/30, we had a film ribbon which we used from time to time to produce a directory that was photocopied. But the printer of the 90/30 was pretty crappy and even with a film ribbon the output looked lousy, indeed even worse, such as with only partly formed characters. Our office had a mag card, and that should've been used instead to maintain the directory, even if it meant duplicate typing.


re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#94 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#100 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#103 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#109 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#1 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#7 Old word processors

CP67 and VM370 were being done in CMS script (originally started out as CTSS RUNOFF reimplementation) ... for official ibm publication ... some run off on 2741 using film ribbon and some being run off on 1403N1 with film ribbon ... used for photo offset
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offset_printing

First major mainstream IBM pub was principles of operation .... where the architecture "red book" was moved to CMS script ... command line option would either select printing the full "red book" (with engineering notes, implementation notes, alternative considerations, etc) or the principles of operation subset.

GML had been invented at the science center ... and GML tag support was added to CMS script which started seeing a lot more use in the first part of 70s ... and then 2nd half of the 70s started seeing lots of 3800 laser printers at internal datacenters (75-76)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_3800

then in 79/80, 6670s (ibm copier3 with computer interface) started showing up in departmental areas (supported fonts for printing text) ... originally for OS/6 ... OPD, replacing mag card selectrics,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS/6
replaced by displaywriter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Displaywriter_System

then mainframe support was added. san jose research did the enhancements for sherpa/6670APA (being able to do images). old email about sherpa
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#email820304

one of the people responsible for sherpa ... worked on including postscript processing in sherpa ... and then left IBM for adobe.

directory trivia: Friday's after work had discussions what could be done about middle management and upper executives mostly being computer illiterate and what might be done to get them to use computers. we hit on trying online phone directory ... Jim Gray (before he left research for tandem)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Gray_(computer_scientist)

would spend max. of 2 person weeks developing the lookup program and I would spend max. of 2 person weeks writing process collecting and reformating as many company phone directories as possible (one of problems ran into was lawyers & security people wanted to insist that while paper directories weren't corporate confidential ... if they were online, they had to be classified confidential restricted and employees couldn't have access).

this was in period (late 70s/early 80s) where 3270 terminals were part of fall budget cycle and each one required VP-level sign-off. Then there was a rapidly spreading rumor that some of the corporate executive committee members were using email ... and all of a sudden every middle manager in the company had to have 3270 terminal on their desk (even if they never actually used them, spending the day with the vm370 login screen or possibly PROFS menu being burned into screen) ... pre-empting annual 3270 terminal deliveries justified for development projects.

other trivia: PROFS group had collecting some number of internal applications (including telephone books) and wrapping MENUs around them. They had taken very early version of VMSG for the email client. When the VMSG tried to offer them a much enhanced version, the PROFS group attempted to get him fired (since they had already claimed credit for everything). Things quieted down when VMSG author demonstrated that every PROFS email had his initials in non-displayed field (after that the VMSG author only shared source with me and one other person).

science center posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
GML/SGML posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#sgml
some CP67/CMS pubs
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/cp67/
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/cms/

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Old word processors

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Old word processors
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 29 Mar 2018 17:58:32 -0700
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#15 Old word processors

hancock4 writes:
It's sad to read of intra-department squabbles at IBM, but it seems from the IBM Early Computer history that this is nothing new. Back in the early 1950s there was rivalry between the Endicott and Poughkeepsie labs. The S/360 development had a lot of sharp differences of opinion on the direction to go.

I've told the story before about the Gov. antitrust (turns out one of the IBM people at the science center had relative that was MIT economist(?) that was at the trial) ... where various members of the bunch all testified that by the end of the 50s, all computer companies knew that the single most important customer requirement was compatible computer line (beginning of rapid growth in computer use ... so projecting lots of upgrading) ... and only IBM top executives managed to enforce it (none of the top executives at bunch managed to force plant managers for various product lines to toe the line) ... compatible product line was more important than features for any particular model.

in the wake of failure FS
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys
there was mad rush to get stuff back into product pipelines, 3033 & 3081 kicked off in parallel
http://www.jfsowa.com/computer/memo125.htm
3033 started out 168-3 logic mapped to 20% faster chips.

4341 (endicott) came out in 1979, a little after 3033 (POK) ... but cluster of 4341s was much cheaper than 3033, much more powerful aggregate computing, much less aggregate footprint and environmentals. Head of POK was apparently so threatened that at one point managed to get allocation for critical 4341 manufacturing component cut in half.

then there is my oft repeated tale about late 80s, a senior disk engineer got a talk scheduled at internal, world-wide, annual, communication group conference ... supposedly on 3174 performance ... however he opened his talk with the statement that the head of the communication group was going to be responsible for the demise of the disk division. The issue was that the communication group had stranglehold on datacenters with corporate strategic ownership of everything that crossed datacenter walls and were fiercely fighting off distributed computing and client/server, trying to preserve their dumb terminal paradigm and install base. The disk division was seeing data fleeing datacenters to more distributed computing friendly platforms with fall in disk sales. The disk division had come up with a number of solution to address the opportunity, but they were constantly being vetoed by the communication group. The mainframe datacenter stranglehold wasn't just affecting disk sales and a few years later the company goes into the red. some past refs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#terminal

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

AFR Report: Private Equity's Failing Grade in the For-Profit College Industry

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: AFR Report: Private Equity's Failing Grade in the For-Profit College Industry
Date: 30 Mar 2018
Blog: Facebook
AFR Report: Private Equity's Failing Grade in the For-Profit College Industry
http://ourfinancialsecurity.org/2018/03/afr-report-private-equitys-failing-grade-profit-college-industry/

Private equity puts lots of pressure on their acquisitions to cut corners and generate money every way possible ... over half corporate defaults are companies currently or previous in private equity mill
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/05/business/economy/05simmons.html?_r=0

PE Firm Cerberus Capital's "Rollup" Collapses into Bankruptcy; Bankruptcy becomes an increasingly common "exit." And the pension obligations?
https://wolfstreet.com/2018/03/26/pe-firm-cerberus-capitals-rollup-collapses-into-bankruptcy/
In a leveraged buyout, the acquired company is made to borrow the money for its own acquisition and pay those funds to the acquirer, which uses those funds to pay off the bridge loan originally taken out to fund the initial deal. In other words, the acquirer has little or no equity in the deal, and the acquired company has been loaded up with debt. Hence "leveraged buyout."
... snip ...

PE background heavily lobbying congress
http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2007/10/barbarians-capitol-private-equity-public-enemy/

private-equity posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#private.equity

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Old word processors

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Old word processors
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 30 Mar 2018 19:29:36 -0700
hancock4 writes:
From what I've read, creating a compatible product line across all four modes* in 1960 would require a lot of compromises that would downgrade performance and increase cost. In 1960, computer hardware was still extremely expensive, not that fast, so including circuits to do unwanted functions was an unnecessary expense. Indeed, even in the early days of S/360 and even PC's, floating point was an optional feature. The addressing needs on a small machine are different than a large machine; S/360 base+displacement was a compromise.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#15 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#16 Old word processors

claim was that in that emerging computing market, compatibility outweighed model performance advantage.

majority of 360s were microprogrammed ... so it wasn't all those circuits.

don't know much about 360 microprogramming ... a little more about 115-II/125-II and 138/148. they avg. 10 native instructions for every (simulated 370).

115/125 was done by boeblingen (germany) ... it was nine-position memory bus, 115 had all microprocessors the same ... but with different microcode loads, 370 instruction, controllers, etc. 125 was the identical except the processor running 370 instructions was 50% faster than the others. 115 was about 800kips processor doing 370 at about 80kips (1/10), 125 was about 1.2mips, doing 370 at 120kips. boeblingen got their hands "slapped" for doing general 9 position memory bus implementation.

I got sucked into doing design for 5-way 125 smp that had five of the processors running 370 microcode (that never shipped). some past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#bounce
general SMP posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#smp

about same time, Endicott sucked me into ECPS ... that wanted highest used 6kbytes of kernel instructions to drop into microcode. following is study I did ... showing kernel instructions segments sorted by percent of kernel CPU (6k bytes accounted for 79.55% of kernel CPU execution)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/94.html#21 370 ECPS VM microcode assist

FS posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

at about same time FS imploded and there was mad rush to get products back into 370 pipeline ... kick off 3033 and 3081 about the same time
http://www.jfsowa.com/computer/memo125.htm

they took 370/158 with integrated channel and removed the 370 microcode and used 158 engine with just the integrated channel microcode for external 303x channel director (six channels). A 3031 then was 158 engine with just the 370 microcode and 2nd 158 engine with just the integrated channel microcode (channel director and a 2-way 3031 smp was four 158 engines). A 3032 was 168-3 repackaged to use channel director(s) as external channels (replacing 2860, 2870, 2880). A 3033 then was 168-3 logic remapped to 20% faster chips.

I periodically claimed that father of risc in the mid-70s did risc the exact opposite of FS (using FS as example of how not to do something). Circa 1980, 801/risc Iliad was to be the wide variety of internal microprocessors used in controllers, 370, etc. ... AS/400 follow-on to s/36&s/38, 4361&4381 follow-on toe 4331&4341, etc ... then for various reasons all these efforts imploded and things returned to standard customer CISC (and some number of Iliad chip engineers left for risc projects at other vendors). 801/risc posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#801

earlier posts in this thread
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#94 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#100 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#103 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#109 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#1 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#7 Old word processors

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

How China's New Stealth Fighter Could Soon Surpass the US F-22 Raptor

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: How China's New Stealth Fighter Could Soon Surpass the US F-22 Raptor
Date: 31 Mar 2018
Blog: Facebook
How China's New Stealth Fighter Could Soon Surpass the US F-22 Raptor; The J-20's rapidly evolving combat capabilities could make it a world leading aerial warfare platform.
https://thediplomat.com/2018/03/how-chinas-new-stealth-fighter-could-soon-surpass-the-us-f-22-raptor/

Chief Engineer of China's Alleged Stealth Fighter Vows New Capabilities For Aircraft; In an exclusive interview with Chinese state-run media, the J-20's chief engineer pledged new capabilities for the aircraft.
https://thediplomat.com/2018/03/chief-engineer-of-chinas-alleged-stealth-fighter-vows-new-capabilities-for-aircraft/

Just Face It - The F-35 Is A "Bomb Truck"
https://warnewsupdates.blogspot.com/2014/03/a-must-read-commentary-on-f-35.html
Head Of U.S. Air Combat Command: F-35s 'Irrelevant' Without U.S.-Only F-22 As Support
https://warnewsupdates.blogspot.com/2014/03/head-of-us-air-combat-command-f-35s.html

Comparison analysis of F35 with other planes
http://www.ausairpower.net/jsf.html
has analysis of F35 radar signature at different radar frequencies involving different angles and portions of the frame (lots to say about how cost reduced and compromised stealth compared to original design)
http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-2009-01.html

military-industrial(-congressional) complex
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

recent F-22 &/or F-35 posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#11 The General Who Lost 2 Wars, Leaked Classified Information to His Lover--and Retired With a $220,000 Pension
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#13 Merchants of Doubt
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#24 Systemic Risk
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#38 Bullying trivia
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#51 Russian Hackers Stole NSA Data on U.S. Cyber Defense
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#56 China's mega fortress in Djibouti could be model for its bases in Pakistan
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#69 When Working From Home Doesn't Work
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#78 F-35 Multi-Role
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#84 "Worse Than Big Tobacco": How Big Pharma Fuels the Opioid Epidemic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#35 Tech: we didn't mean for it to turn out like this
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#44 Security Breach and Spilled Secrets Have Shaken the N.S.A. to Its Core
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#63 Sugar Industry Long Downplayed Potential Harms
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#11 This is the plane that almost beat out the legendary F-16
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#48 1963 Timesharing: A Solution to Computer Bottlenecks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#69 The Next New Military Specialty Should Be Software Developers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#17 Important US technology companies sold to foreigners
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#39 Why China's New Supercomputer Is Only Technically the World's Fastest
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#86 Lawmakers to Military: Don't Buy Another 'Money Pit' Like F-35
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#95 The Return Of Haim Bodek - HFT's First Whistleblower
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#114 Chevron's lawyer, speaking for major oil companies, says climate change is real and it's your fault
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#117 F-35: Still No Finish Line in Sight
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#2 FY18 budget deal yields life-sustaining new wings for the A-10 Warthog
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#14 Air Force Risks Losing Third of F-35s If Upkeep Costs Aren't Cut

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

April 1st Corporate Directive

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: April 1st Corporate Directive
Date: 01 April 2018
Blog: Facebook
Corprate Directive was sent to me on Friday and I redistributed. Somebody printed it off on 6670 using IBM Corprorate letterhead and placed it in all the bldg bulletin boards. Monday morning various people didn't recognize the Sunday, April 1st date and took it as real. The resulting investigation didn't find the person responsible ... however afterwards all corporate letterhead paper was kept locked up
CORPORATE DIRECTIVE NUMBER 84-570471 April 1, 1984

In order to increase the security of all IBM computing facilities, and to avoid the possibility of unauthorized use of these facilities, new rules are being put into effect concerning the selection of passwords. All users of IBM computing facilities are instructed to change their passwords to conform to these rules immediately.

RULES FOR THE SELECTION OF PASSWORDS:

1. A password must be at least six characters long, and must not contain two occurrences of a character in a row, or a sequence of two or more characters from the alphabet in forward or reverse order. Example: HGQQXP is an invalid password. GFEDCB is an invalid password.

2. A password may not contain two or more letters in the same position as any previous password. Example: If a previous password was GKPWTZ, then NRPWHS would be invalid because PW occurs in the same position in both passwords.

3. A password may not contain the name of a month or an abbreviation for a month. Example: MARCHBC is an invalid password. VWMARBC is an invalid password.

4. A password may not contain the numeric representation of a month. Therefore, a password containing any number except zero is invalid. Example: WKBH3LG is invalid because it contains the numeric representation for the month of March.

5. A password may not contain any words from any language. Thus, a password may not contain the letters A, or I, or sequences such as AT, ME, or TO because these are all words.

6. A password may not contain sequences of two or more characters which are adjacent to each other on a keyboard in a horizontal, vertical or diagonal direction. Example: QWERTY is an invalid password. GHNLWT is an invalid password because G and H are horizontally adjacent to each other. HUKWVM is an invalid password because H and U are diagonally adjacent to each other.

7. A password may not contain the name of a person, place or thing. Example: JOHNBOY is an invalid password.

Because of the complexity of the password selection rules, there is actually only one password which passes all the tests. To make the selection of this password simpler for the user, it will be distributed to all managers. All users are instructed to obtain this password from his or her manager and begin using it immediately.

.... previous posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001d.html#52 OT Re: A beautiful morning in AFM.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001d.html#53 April Fools Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#14 The FBI Is Wrongly Telling People To Change Passwords 'Frequently'
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#42 The Man Who Wrote Those Password Rules Has a New Tip: N3v$r M1^d!

disclaimer: we have bunch of patents related to authentication w/o using passwords.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadssummary.htm

we were working with patent boutique law firm and had draft claims for 50 patent applications and the law firm that before we were done it would be over a hundred. Then some executive looked at how much it would cost to file that many patents and directed that all the claims be repackaged as nine patent applications. Afterwards USPTO came back and said it was getting tired of these humongous applications where the filing fee doesn't even cover the cost of reading the application, directing the claims be repackaged as at least two dozen applications. past posts on shared-secret (pins, passwords, something-you-know, etc) authentication.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#secrets
reference to ANSI financial transaction standard that separates authentication
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#x959
and past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#x959

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

How China's New Stealth Fighter Could Soon Surpass the US F-22 Raptor

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: How China's New Stealth Fighter Could Soon Surpass the US F-22 Raptor
Date: 01 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#19 How China's New Stealth Fighter Could Soon Surpass the US F-22 Raptor

DoD watchdog: Air Force failed to effectively manage F-22 modernization
https://www.defensenews.com/air/2018/03/27/dod-watchdog-air-force-failed-to-effectively-manage-f-22-modernization-program/

For F-22, military-industrial complex spread development out into every congressional district ... trying to bring all the pieces together resulted in quality collapse.
http://nypost.com/2009/07/17/cant-fly-wont-die/

2016, 100th Boeing celebration produced publication ... one of the articles was that the merger with M/D nearly brought down the company and may yet still. They had claimed that doing standard MIC spreading pieces all over the world would drastically reduce costs and development time .... but it did the exact opposite.
https://issuu.com/pnwmarketplace/docs/i20160708144953115

May work for commodity parts where everything is already totally understood. Doing it for brand new innovation and then bringing them together runs into all sorts of gotchas ... whether it is hardware or software.

F-22 constant LO restoration
http://www.tyndall.af.mil/News/Features/Display/Article/669883/lo-how-the-f-22-gets-its-stealth/
more problems
http://aviationweek.com/air-combat-safety/us-air-force-tackles-repair-f-22-stealth-coating
and
http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/the-big-problem-americas-stealth-f-22-raptor-america-cant-19420

military-industrial(-congressional) complex
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Historical Perspectives of the Operational Art

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Historical Perspectives of the Operational Art
Date: 01 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
Historical Perspectives of the Operational Art
https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-89-1/index.html
I had the PDF version kindlized by Amazon, so location refs might not be identical to the official kindle version.
https://www.amazon.com/HISTORICAL-PERSPECTIVES-OPERATIONAL-ART-ANTHOLOGY-ebook/dp/B0086W3GX2/

loc7562-67:
Fortunately for the Allies, Neptune, translated into action on DDay, 6 June 1944 — rewarded the care of its planners by proceeding so smoothly and effectively that the D-Day invasion was almost an anticlimax. The losses in the invading force that day, somewhat over 10,000 in total with about 2,000 dead, were obviously not inconsiderable, but they were certainly fewer than most of the Allied planners and commanders had anticipated. On four of the five assault beaches, there was never any question following the first waves of the landing force that the invasion would stay and would not be pushed back into the water. Even on the Americans' Omaha Beach, the only place where during the morning there seemed to be danger of a reversal, doubts were resolved by noon.

loc7567-70:
But the Neptune planning had been tactical and technological rather than operational. D-Day had been almost anticlimactic in its success because there had been intricately detailed calculation of such tactically important minutiae as considerations of the proper timing of the first landings in relation to tidal conditions — preferably at midpoint on a rising tide so that landing vessels disembarking troops and cargo could readily be re-floated.
... snip ...

note strategic 4engine heavy bombers had difficulty hitting target from 5-6 miles up, even with Norden sights. Example
https://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/2011/pubs/the-european-campaign-its-origins-and-conduct/

loc2582-85:
The bomber preparation of Omaha Beach was a total failure, and German defenses on Omaha Beach were intact as American troops came ashore. At Utah Beach, the bombers were a little more effective because the IXth Bomber Command was using B-26 medium bombers. Wisely, in preparation for supporting the invasion, maintenance crews removed Norden bombsights from the bombers and installed the more effective low-level altitude sights.
... snip ...

military-industrial(-congressional) complex
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

VS History

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From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: VS History
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 3 Apr 2018 13:13:10 -0700
john.archie.mckown@GMAIL.COM (John McKown) writes:
​Not exactly correct. OS/VS1 was a single large address space. That one address space was divided up into a _fixed_ number of _fixed sized_ partitions (not regions). That is, if you had a step which required, say, 128M to run, you had to be sure it as in a partition which was at least 128M. The size of a partition was set by the sysprog or, IIRC, via an operator command. OS/VS2 release 1 was also called SVS (Single Virtual Storage). It has a single 24 bit addressable space which has a number of "regions" defined. Like in MVT, the size of a region was variable and basically it was "GETMAIN'd" when the job (or step - I forget) started. One problem that could exist in SVS was that a long running job might be GETMAINd while some smaller jobs were running. The long running job's storage would be a "sandbar" which could prevent other large jobs from running due to lack of contiguous storage. That why many shops would "shut down" batch in order to "start up" all the long running tasks, such as CICS, IMS, etc so that those STCs would not turn into storage sandbars.

SVS prototype was initially developed on 360/67 ... basically not too different MVT running in 16mbyte virtual machine ... SVS built tables for single 16mbyte virtual address space ... and a little bit to handle very low rate paging. The largest amount of code was borrowing CCWTRANS from CP/67 to hack into the side of EXCP for building shadow channel programs.

CP/67 had operating systems running in virtual machines building channel programs with virtual addresses ... which CP67 CCWTRANS had to build "shadow" channel program (same as original but with real addresses). OS/VS2 both SVS and MVS had same problem with MVT applications building their own channel programs, but now addresses were virtual ... and then executing EXCP/SVC0. EXCP was now faced with making a copy of the applications channel programs that replaced the virtual address with real addresses.

original justification for making all 370s virtual memory came from the really bad storage management in MVT ... resulting in region sizes typically having to be four times more storage that would be actually used ... this severely restricted the number of regions that could be defined on typical one megabyte 370/165. Moving MVT to virtual memory (aka SVS) met that could get four times as many regions with doing little or no paging (this was even w/o long running jobs which severely aggravating the storage management problem).

archived post with history from somebody in POK at the time, who was involved in the decision
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011d.html#73 Multiple Virtual Memory

MVS also turned out to have horrible problem with OS/360 API pointer passing convention ... as a result it started out with an 8mbyte image of the MVS kernel in each application 16mbyte virtual address space (so when kernel code got the API pointer, it could directly access the parameter fields in the application address area). However, MVT had a lot of subsystems (outside the kernel) that needed to access application parameters. For this they created the one mbyte common segment area ... storage that appeared in every application 16mbyte virtual address space ... could allocate storage in the CSA for parameters that both the application and a subsystem running in a different virtual address space, could access (now max. application area was 7mbytes out of 16mbytes).

However, the size requirement for CSA is somewhat proportional to the number of subsystems and activity ... by 3033 ... CSA had become "common system area" (rather than "common segment area") and large installations were having problems restricting CSA to 5or6 mbytes (leaving 2-3mbytes out of 16mbytes for applications) and CSA was threatening to grow to 8mbytes ... leaving zero bytes for applications.

After failure of FS (original os/vs2 MVS was suppose to be "glide path" for the 370 replacement totally different from 370 ... see above archived post), POK kicked off 3033 and 3081 (370/xa) in parallel. 370/xa was to address a large number of MVS problems ... one was new hardware mechanism for applications directly calling subsystems (w/o having to execute kernel code) along with "access register" architecture that provided ability for subsystems to access storage in different application virtual address space.

However, the CSA/API problem was getting so bad in 3033 (before 370/xa), that a subset of access registers was retrofitted to 3033 as "dual address space" mode (person responsible left not long later for HP, working on their snake/risc and then later was one of the primary architects for Itanium, including a lot of enterprise integrity features).

Endicott (low/mid range 370s) equivalent to 370xa was "e-architecture" ... since DOS/VS & VS1 had single virtual address space, "e-architecture" where the virtual address space table was moved into microcode and new instructions were added that update the virtual memory table entries (now in microcode). Endicott equivalent for 3033 (after FS failure) was ECPS microcode assist ... parts of kernel pathlengths were moved into microcode where they ran ten times faster. I was told to select the 6kbytes most executed kernel code ... archived post with the result
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/94.html#21

shows selected 6kbyte of kernel that accounts for 79.55% of kernel cpu. Along with that they did VM370/VS1 handshaking ... the virtual machine size and the VS1 virtual memory size were identical ... so all paging was moved into VM370 ... and handshaking interface between VM370&VS1 so VS1 could switch to a different application when there was page fault. I had also heavily optimized VM370 paging algorithms and other pathlengths ... so any VS1 that normally had any amount of paging ... would run faster under VM370 (with ECPS) than on bare hardware.

IBM Future System posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Old word processors

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Old word processors
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 03 Apr 2018 14:08:12 -0700
hancock4 writes:
But as it turned out, many S/360-model 30 users ended up upgrading to a better machine, or migrated to low-end S/370, so Haanstra ended up being wrong and IBM mgmt was right to demand compatibility. But, as mentioned, IBM eventually had to compromise on that to introduce the model 20 and the System/3, which were not compatible.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#16 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#18 Old word processors

SHARE
https://www.share.org/

old case study of fastest growing customer was Amoco Research in Tulsa that had IBM 1800 and then installed 370/135 with vm370 ... within something like 18-24(?) months they had multiple 370/168s with vm370.

a big objective of (unix) posix was to free customers from proprietary hardware ... allowing customers to migrate their posix applications easily between hardware vendors ... big advances in software technology and commoditizing hardware.

this was somewhat started in the 80s with startups doing new systems ... with CPU chips, the cost of system hardware development had dropped dramatically (leaving system software development the enormous cost). Using UNIX, then dropped the cost of system software development to more than the drop in system hardware development.

In parallel with that was IBM/PC market starting from dedicated desktop and volume allowing players into the market to expand into much of the rest of the computer market ... although Linux (unix work alike) comes out of the left field. Full source got the hobby market ... but also got the expanding cluster supercomputer and cloud megadatacenter market (... and needing full source for the increasing number of players to tailor for the new computing system paradigm). Linux with full source also captures many of the other non-traditional emerging (& rapdidly growing) computing markets.

other past posts in this thread
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#94 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#100 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#103 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#109 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#1 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#7 Old word processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#15 Old word processors

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

OFF TOPIC: Spring Break, 1947

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: OFF TOPIC:  Spring Break, 1947
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 03 Apr 2018 14:46:36 -0700
spring break, 1969 ... i was asked to give 40hr computer class to new group that had been formed to start Boeing Computer Services (consolidate dataprocessing into indepedent business unit to better monetize the investment, including offering services to non-Boeing entities ... Renton datacenter had something like $200M-$300M IBM mainframes, 360/65s were arriving faster than they could be installed, boxes constantly staged in the hallways around the machine room).

I had taken a 2hr computer intro class and within year was hired fulltime to be responsible for univ admin & academic production mainframe systems ... and was still going to school parttime.

At end of spring semester, then Boeing hires me fulltime to be part of the BCS group (near the CFO office, who was running the BCS effort, across from Boeing Field, a dozen or so desks in large room that had previously been filled with drafting tables). CFO battles with head of Renton datacenter ... since when I started, CFO only had a 360/30 used for payroll ... although space was added for 360/67 for me to play with).

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

DoD watchdog: Air Force failed to effectively manage F-22 modernization

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: DoD watchdog: Air Force failed to effectively manage F-22 modernization
Date: 03 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
DoD watchdog: Air Force failed to effectively manage F-22 modernization
https://www.defensenews.com/air/2018/03/27/dod-watchdog-air-force-failed-to-effectively-manage-f-22-modernization-program/

For F-22, military-industrial complex spread development out into every congressional district ... trying to bring all the pieces together resulted in quality collapse.
http://nypost.com/2009/07/17/cant-fly-wont-die/

2016, 100th Boeing celebration produced publication ... one of the articles was that the merger with M/D nearly brought down the company and may yet still. They had claimed that doing standard MIC spreading pieces all over the world would drastically reduce costs and development time .... but it did the exact opposite.
https://issuu.com/pnwmarketplace/docs/i20160708144953115

May work for commodity parts where everything is already totally understood. Doing it for brand new innovation and then bringing them together runs into all sorts of gotchas ... whether it is hardware or software.

F-22 constant LO restoration
http://www.tyndall.af.mil/News/Features/Display/Article/669883/lo-how-the-f-22-gets-its-stealth/
more problems
http://aviationweek.com/air-combat-safety/us-air-force-tackles-repair-f-22-stealth-coating
and
http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/the-big-problem-americas-stealth-f-22-raptor-america-cant-19420

military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

Huge uptic in outsourcing last decade to for-profit companies, especially to companies that had been bought up by large private-equity operations ... looking to extract every dollar possible, heavy congressional lobbying by for-profit companies ... especially private-equity operations

private-equity posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#private.equity

intelligence, 70% of the budget and over half the people (including private-equity owned company that employed Snowden)
http://www.investingdaily.com/17693/spies-like-us
also heavily contributing to the rapidly spreading for-profit success of failure culture (make more money off series of failures)
http://www.govexec.com/excellence/management-matters/2007/04/the-success-of-failure/24107/
private equity owned companies under enormous pressure to cut corners and extract money every way possible ... over half corporate defaults are companies currently or formally in private equity mills
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/05/business/economy/05simmons.html?_r=0

There is law that gov. agencies can't lobby congress and beltway bandits can't use money from government contracts to lobby congress ... however private-equity companies appear to have no limits on lobbying that they do on behalf of the companies they own ... enormously increasing the flow of money to congress (part of congress being referred to the most corrupt institution on earth) ... which would go a long way to help account for the enormous uptic in outsourcing last decade.
http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2007/10/barbarians-capitol-private-equity-public-enemy/
Lou Gerstner, former ceo of ibm, now heads the Carlyle Group, a Washington-based global private equity firm whose 2006 revenues of $87 billion were just a few billion below ibm's. Carlyle has boasted George H.W. Bush, George W. Bush, and former Secretary of State James Baker III on its employee roster.
... snip ...

success of failure posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#success.of.failuree
former AMEX president posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#gerstner

In the wake of the snowden event (employed by beltway bandit owned by Carlyle) they found that the private-equity owned companies that security clearances had been outsourced to ... were filling out paper work but not actually doing background checks ... part of cutting corners and increasing bottom line for their private-equity owners.

A few months after the snowden event, the agency director had press conference where he said something about they might have to (re-)institute multi-party for sensitive operations (something that had previously been standard for decades countermeasure to insider threats, apparently/possibly cut as part of the outsourcing)

other take on huge rash of breaches, we had been brought in to help wordsmith cal. state legislation, at the time they were working on electronic signature, data breach notification, and opt-in personal information sharing. Several participants had done detailed public privacy surveys and #1 was identity theft, mainly fraudulent financial transactions frequently as a result of data breaches. At the time there was little or nothing being done (except efforts to keep out of the press). There was hope that publicity from notifications might motivate corrective action. The issue is entities normally take security measures in self protection. The problem with the breaches was the institution wasn't at risk, it was the public. In the case of adviseries dancing through contractor networks most of last decade, taking details of all major weapons systems, the contractors aren't (directly) at risk, it is the country (contractors are likely to get more money, variation on success of failure).

perpetual war posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#perpetual.war

some recent cyberdumb posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#69 The Next New Military Specialty Should Be Software Developers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#86 Lawmakers to Military: Don't Buy Another 'Money Pit' Like F-35
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#112 How China Pushes the Limits on Military Technology Transfer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#117 F-35: Still No Finish Line in Sight

electronic signature posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#signature
data breach notification
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#data.breach.notification.notification

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Software Delivery on Tape to be Discontinued

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: Software Delivery on Tape to be Discontinued
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 3 Apr 2018 17:55:50 -0700
0000000a2a8c2020-dmarc-request@LISTSERV.UA.EDU (Tom Marchant) writes:
I'm pretty sure that the 470/6 was never shipped. The way I heard it was that work on the 470/V started very soon after the introduction of virtual memory on 370 machines and the announcement of OS/VS1 and OS/VS2. OS/VS1 and OS/VS2 release 1 were both introduced in 1972 and OS/VS2 release 2 (MVS) in 1973, though I don't know when it actually shipped. See
http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/ibm/370/OS_VS2/Release_2_1973/GC28-0667-1_OS_VS2_Planning_Guide_for_Release_2_Nov73.pdf

The Wiki article on Amdahl Corporation is no help here. According to it, the 470/6 was introduced in 1975, and that when IBM announced DAT, Amdahl dropped the 470/6 and replaced it with the 470V/6. It also claims, incorrectly, that MDF was first shipped on the 470V/8. In fact, MDF required major architectural extensions that were not available until the 5860.


re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#23 VS History

also from bitsavers:
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/Amdahl/datapro/70C-044-01_7709_Amdahl_470.pdf
more:
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/Amdahl/
Amdahl Corporation was the first company to develop and produce an IBM plug-compatible mainframe computer. The company, formed in 1971 by Dr. Gene Amdahl, delivered its first processor, the 470V /6, in June 1975.

The original Amdahl 470 was intended to be a real- memory system targeted at IBM's System/370 Model 165. The target moved, however, with IBM's announcement of the virtual-memory 370/168 in August 1972, and Amdahl modified its system design to incorporate virtual- memory hardware, enabling the new system to compete with IBM's latest technology. The system that resulted from this shift in direction, the 470V/6, featured about twice the performance level of the IBM~370/168 at a similar price, while occupying only one-third of the space required by the IBM counterpart

... snip ...

more Amdahl ref:
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/Amdahl/

Amdahl account of running ACS/360 ... however it was terminated because executives were afraid that it would advance state-of-the-art too fast and they would loose control of the market
https://people.cs.clemson.edu/~mark/acs_end.html

Amdahl gave a talk in large MIT auditorium early 70s about starting company ... filled mostly students ... but several of us from the IBM science center attended. He was asked how he convince VC people to fund his company. He said that he told them that even if IBM totally walked away from 370 ... there was sufficient customer 370 software that would keep him in business until the end of the century. Could be interrupted that he was referring to the IBM Future System effort that was going to completely replace 370 ... but in subsequent interviews he claims he never knew about FS. some FS ref:
http://www.jfsowa.com/computer/memo125.htm

370/165 ref. ... original 370 virtual memory architecture had a lot more features ... but POK was running into all sorts of problems retrofitting virtual memory hardware to 165 ... and claimed if they had to do the full architecture, virtual memory announce would have to slip by 6months. Decision was made to eliminate the troublesome features ... and existing 370 models & software that had support for the removed features would have to eliminate (redo hardware and rework software).

other trivia: In the 70s, I did a lot of mainframe customer presentations and got to know many customers. I got to know the manager of one of the largest financial mainframe datacenters on the east coast, who liked me to drop by and talk technology. Then at one point the branch manager did something that horribly offended the customer. In response, the customer announced they would order an Amdahl (clone) mainframe (lonely Amdahl in vast sea of blue). At the time, clone makers had been selling into mostly universities but hadn't broken into the true blue large financial market ... and this would be the first. I was asked to go sit onsite at the customers for 12months to help obfuscate the reason for the Amdahl order. I said that I knew the customer really well and while he liked the idea of me spending my time there, it would make no difference in the order ... so I didn't see any point. I was told that the branch manager was good sailing buddy of IBM's CEO and if I didn't do this, it would ruin the branch manager's career ... and I could forget about having any career or promotions at IBM (it wasn't the first time I got told that).

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Software Delivery on Tape to be Discontinued

Refed: **, - **, - **
From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: Software Delivery on Tape to be Discontinued
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 3 Apr 2018 18:42:01 -0700
0000000433f07816-dmarc-request@LISTSERV.UA.EDU (Paul Gilmartin) writes:
I don't understand digital signatures beyond what I just read in:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signature

... Digital signatures are equivalent to traditional handwritten signatures in many respects, but properly implemented digital signatures are more difficult to forge than the handwritten type. ... Paper contracts sometimes have the ink signature block on the last page, and the previous pages may be replaced after a signature is applied. ...

But it seems that all such schemes depend on being able to authenticate a public key from some certificate authority. It doesn't appear that a digitally signed document can be entirely self-contained.

So is a signature any more secure than an independently verifiable checksum, or just more practical?


trivia: digital signature is the hash of the document (SHA-2) that has been encrypted with the private key. On reception, you recompute the hash, decrypt the digital signature with the corresponding public key and compare the two hashes. One of the original motivations for public/private key was to get around some of the secret key distribution problems (which has to be hidden and never divulged). Public key had be publicly distributed (w/o needing to hide). People can use the public key to encrypt stuff and send it to you ... and only you can decrypt it (with the private key). You can encrypt stuff with the private key ... and people can decrypt it (like digital signature) with public key ... and know it came from you ... since only your private key could have encrypted something that is decryptable with your public key.

we worked on the cal. state electronic signature legislation ... one of the things is that "digital signatures" aren't true human signatures in the legal sense ... "digital signatures" can be used for authentication (in the same way pins and passwords) ... but need some additional features to qualify as a legal signature. In that sense, might claim that they were purposefully called "digital signatures" in an attempt to try and inflate their perceived value (justify charging billions)

electronic signature legislation posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#signature

Last project we did at IBM was HA/CMP ... and was working on commercial cluster scalenup with RDBMS vendors and technical scale-up with national labs. Old post about Jan1992 meeting in Oracle CEO conference room on commercial cluster scale-up
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13

within a few weeks of the meeting, cluster scale-up was transferred, announced as supercomuter and we were told we couldn't work on anything with more than four processors. Possible contributing faster was that the mainframe DB2 people were complaining if I went ahead, it would be at least 5yrs ahead of them. We leave IBM a few months later.

A little while later, two of the Oracle people (from the Jan1992 meeting) have left and our at small client/server startup responsible for something called "commerce server". We are brought in as consultants because they want to do payment transactions on the server, the startup had also invented this stuff they called "SSL" they want to use, the result is now frequently called "electronic commerce".

Somewhat for having done "electronic commerce" we get sucked into X9 financial standards organization working on new standards.

During this time, I wrote extensively about how it was trivial to use public/private key in lieu of passwords ... w/o digital certificates. The problem was that the digital certificate industry was floating $20B business case on wall street ... basically $100/certificate/annum/person. We were also brought in to help wordsmith cal. state legislation ... at the time they were working on electronic signature (and under heavy pressure by the certificate industry to mandate digital certificates), data breach notification, and "opt-in" personal information sharing. Electronic signature and data breach notification passed ... but "opt-in" (institutions could only share your information with explicit record of you of approving) got pre-empted by "opt-out" provision added to GLBA (institutions could share your information unless they kept a record of you objecting).

some discussion of financial transaction standard that can do public key authentication w/o digital certificate
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#x959

One of the scenarios was electronic payment transaction where they wanted to append a digital certificate to every transaction that was at least 100 times larger than the transaction size. Partly because I ridiculed the idea, some of X9 started a compress digital certificate work item ... to try and get the digital certificate bloat down to only 20-50 times larger. Then I wrote a detailed analysis showing how to eliminate the payload bloat by appending to every transaction a digital certificate compressed to zero bytes (had all the same detail, just didn't occupy any space).

payload bloat posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#bloat

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Software Delivery on Tape to be Discontinued

Refed: **, - **, - **
From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: Software Delivery on Tape to be Discontinued
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 3 Apr 2018 19:03:52 -0700
lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler) writes:
also from bitsavers:
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/Amdahl/datapro/70C-044-01_7709_Amdahl_470.pdf


re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#27 Software Delivery on Tape to be Discontinued

other trivia ... from 470.pdf article
The system that resulted from this shift in direction, the 470V/6, featured about twice the performance level of the IBM~370/168 at a similar price, while occupying only one-third of the space required by the IBM counterpart.
... snip ...

this Future System reference talks about after FS implodes, there was mad rush to get stuff back into 370 product pipelines (Internal FS politics had been killing off 370 efforts and lack of 370 products during the FS period credited with starting to give clone makers market foothold) ... kicking off 3033 and 3081 in parallel. 3033 started off being 168-3 logic remapped to 20% faster chips. Eventually they got it up to 50% faster by doing some other optimization. 3081 was such a kludge that it required huge number of circuits and much more expensive to manufacture
http://www.jfsowa.com/computer/memo125.htm
The 370 emulator minus the FS microcode was eventually sold in 1980 as as the IBM 3081. The ratio of the amount of circuitry in the 3081 to its performance was significantly worse than other IBM systems of the time; its price/performance ratio wasn't quite so bad because IBM had to cut the price to be competitive. The major competition at the time was from Amdahl Systems -- a company founded by Gene Amdahl, who left IBM shortly before the FS project began, when his plans for the Advanced Computer System (ACS) were killed. The Amdahl machine was indeed superior to the 3081 in price/performance and spectaculary superior in terms of performance compared to the amount of circuitry.]
...snip ...

this ACS/360 reference besides killing it off because they were afraid that it would advance the state-of-the-art too fast and they would loose control of the market ... at the end it goes into the ACS/360 features that show up more than 20yrs later in ES-9000.
https://people.cs.clemson.edu/~mark/acs_end.html

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Bottlenecks and Capacity planning

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Bottlenecks and Capacity planning
Date: 03 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
Bottlenecks and Capacity planning

from question on facebook about bottleneck masking other bottlenecks

Also look for capacity planning. science center did lots of performance work (besides virtual machines, internal network, invented GML, lots of online apps, etc) ... some of which evolves into capacity planning. In the mid-70s one of the APL-based analytical system models evovled into the performance predictor and offered on HONE. Branch people could specify hardware/system configuration and workload profile and asked "what if" questions about changing workload and/or hardware. In 2000, I was doing some work at a large mainframe datacenter (had 40+ max configured IBM mainframes @$30M, none older than 18months, constant rolling upgrade cycle, number needed to finish settlement in overnight batch window) and they brought in consultant that had an analytical model for profiling system&workload and various contributions to bottlenecks. Turns out he had acquired rights to a several generation descendant of the performance predictor (running it through an APL->C converter, note after the troubles of the early 90s, IBM was offloading all sorts of stuff) and was had significant performance consulting business at large datacenters all around the world. Bottlenecks hiding other bottlenecks was because of poor understanding of system & workload resource profiling.

some recent performance predictor posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#65 A New Performance Model ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#71 A New Performance Model
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015f.html#69 1973--TI 8 digit electric calculator--$99.95
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015h.html#112 Is there a source for detailed, instruction-level performance info?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#36 Ransomware
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#54 CMS\APL
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#109 Bimodal Distribution
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016c.html#5 You count as an old-timer if (was Re: Origin of the phrase "XYZZY")
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017b.html#27 Virtualization's Past Helps Explain Its Current Importance
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#43 The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#68 Pareto efficiency
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#103 why VM, was thrashing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#109 It's 1983: What computer would you buy?

as undergraduate at the univ. in the 60s when I rewrote a lot of IBM software, part of it was "dynamic adaptive scheduling" and "scheduling to the bottleneck" (being able to dynamically adapt to changing bottleneck & resource usage). This made may increasing sensitive to major bottlenecks shifting from CPU & real storage to I/O in the mid-70s. By the early 80s, I was saying that relative system disk throughput had declined by order of magnitude over period of 15years (disks got faster, but CPU & memory increased ten times faster than disks got faster). Some disk executive took exception and directed the division system performance group to refute the claims. However, after a couple weeks, they came back and basically said that I had slightly understated the problem. They then respun the results for a SHARE presentation with recommendations for configuring dasd for improved throughput.
SHARE 63 Presentation B874

DASD Performance Review
8:30 August 16, 1984
Dr. Peter Lazarus

IBM Tie Line 543-3811
Area Code 408-463-3811
GPD Performance Evaluation
Department D18
Santa Teresa Laboratory
555 Bailey Avenue
San Jose, CA., 95150

SHARE 63 Presentation B874

Acknowledgments

This review makes liberal use of the computer science literature. As usual, the views expressed in this report are those of the author. Many contributed facts and ideas, but the selection and presentation are the author's responsibility, including any mistakes. I am especially indebted to Lynn Wheeler for pointing out how the relative speeds of things have changed over the years, to Brian J. Smith for helping me through many of the intricacies of attachment modeling, to Bill O'Brien for suggesting this review, and to my manager, Steve Goldstein, for his patient support throughout these activities.

... snip ...

some past B874 posts:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016c.html#12 You count as an old-timer if (was Re: Origin of the phrase "XYZZY")
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016d.html#21 What was a 3314?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016d.html#68 Raspberry Pi 3?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016e.html#38 How the internet was invented
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016g.html#40 Floating point registers or general purpose registers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016g.html#43 "I used a real computer at home...and so will you" (Popular Science May 1967)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#45 Resurrected! Paul Allen's tech team brings 50-year-old supercomputer back from the dead
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017b.html#32 Virtualization's Past Helps Explain Its Current Importance
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017b.html#70 The ICL 2900
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#61 Paging subsystems in the era of bigass memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#5 TSS/8, was A Whirlwind History of the Computer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#28 MVS vs HASP vs JES (was 2821)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#46 Temporary Data Sets
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#96 thrashing, was Re: A Computer That Never Was: the IBM 7095

The 3090 group had thought they had come up with "balanced" design for CPU speed, amount of memory and numbers of channels. Number of channels was 3880 controller was like previous 3830 controller but with 3mbyte/sec transfer. However, it turns out that 3880 had hardware bypass for 3mbyte/sec data transfer ... but control ops and the rest was significantly slower (that 3830), drastically increasing channel busy. Finally 3090 had to drastically increase the number of channels to offset the high 3880 channel busy time (increase in channels required an additional TCM and joke was that the 3090 was going to charge the 3880 group for the increase in manufacturing cost). Marketing then respun the number of 3090 channels as fantastic 3090 i/o throughput rather than needed to offset the 3880 channel busy.

Some similar with Boyd invention of E/M theory. I would sponsor Boyd's briefings at IBM (and still go to Boyd themed conferences at Marine Corp Univ). When he was instructor at Nellis, he was considered possibly best fighter pilot in the world. He then invented E/M theory and used it to characterize/profile different fighter planes ... using it to teach pilots that you wanted to operate in regions where your fighter was better than theirs. He then used it for redesign of F15 and then for design of F16 & F18.

Related old post in LinkedIn
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/pareto-efficiency-optimality-lynn-wheeler

Boyd posts & web URL refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html

Operations Research Joke:

I had done dynamic adaptive scheduling (along with bunch of other stuff) at univ as undergraduate ... that was picked up by the science center and shipped with CP/67 ... I then graduate and join the science center ... doing a lot more stuff for CP67 ... however, the development group splits off from the science center and start doing vm370 ... simplifying and/or eliminating a lot of stuff from cp67. I eventually get some stuff back in R1PLC9 (some of the fastpath pathlength stuff) ... and eventually migrate a bunch of stuff from CP67 to VM370 for CSC/VM for internal datacenters (one of my hobbies after joining IBM was developing & supporting enhanced operating for internal datacenters). some old email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006v.html#email731212
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#email750102
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#email750430

I continued to work on 360/370 stuff all through the FS period ,,, even periodically ridiculing FS. Then when FS implodes there is mad rush to get stuff back into 370 product pipeline ... contributing to decision to put out a bunch more of my stuff as independent priced addon (start of transition to charging for kernel software). Some Armonk type reviews it and claims that "state of the art" is manual tuning knobs (which MVS had enormous amount) and my scheduler didn't have any ... and he wouldn't sign off w/o manual tuning knobs. I try to explain to him dynamic adaptive scheduler & resource management ... but it doesn't mean anything. So I add manual tuning knobs, publish formulas and detailed documentation. 15yrs later, we are doing customer call on large HK bank ... and IBM employee recent graduate from Univ. of Waterloo asks if I'm the guy from "wheeler scheduler". I say I am and he says that they studied it at Waterloo. I asked him about the "joke". He looks blank ... I repeat the story about manual tuning knobs and explain that from "OR", the manual tuning knobs had much less "degrees of freedom" than the dynamic adaptive stuff (i.e. the automatic stuff could always compensate for any manual value).

scheduling algorithm posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#fairshare
paging algorithm posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#clock

Also look at "layered bottlenecks" (analogous/similar to layered defenses or defense in depth, but different)
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1703994/?reload=true
would you believe: "Using Layered Bottlenecks for Virtual Machine Provisioning"
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/866b/27ca8a8a3e1cbf312afb7eaf5ad59b5e9361.pdf

trivia: mainframe z196 specs has at least half the per processor improvement from z10->z196 (469->625MIPS) was the introduction of out-of-order and other technologies to help compensate for cache miss ... that had been in other platforms for decades. The issue is that cache miss latency to memory when measured in the count of processor cycles is comparable to 60s disk i/o latency when measured in number 60s CPU processor cycles ... giving rise to lots of multiprogramming technology to overlap execution while waiting.

Todays equivalents (in hardware) are out-of-order execution, branch prediction, speculative execution, hyperthreading, etc. Part of speedup in processors after z196 are further improvements compensating for increasing mismatch between processor speed and latency to memory (but mainframes are still playing catchup compared to other platforms with much longer experience in the technology).

if most of elapsed time was waiting for memory (or 60s disk), making CPU increasingly faster has diminishing returns if other factors start to dominate elapsed time.

recent z196, "out of order", posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015.html#43 z13 "new"(?) characteristics from RedBook
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#69 A New Performance Model ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015f.html#93 Miniskirts and mainframes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015g.html#19 Linux Foundation Launches Open Mainframe Project
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015g.html#93 HP being sued, not by IBM.....yet!
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015h.html#81 IBM Automatic (COBOL) Binary Optimizer Now Availabile
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015h.html#110 Is there a source for detailed, instruction-level performance info?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#27 Qbasic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#103 You count as an old-timer if (was Re: Origin of the phrase "XYZZY")
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#36 z/OS Operating System size
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#91 ABO Automatic Binary Optimizer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#98 A Christmassy PL/I tale
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#30 The ICL 2900
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#17 The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#94 Migration off Mainframe to other platform
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#87 IBM z14 High-lights
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#88 IBM Mainframe Ushers in New Era of Data Protection
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#61 computer component reliability, 1951
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#95 PDP-11 question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#37 learning Unix, was progress in e-mail, such as AOL
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#46 Temporary Data Sets
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#80 BYTE Magazine Pentomino Article

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Old word processors

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Old word processors
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 04 Apr 2018 18:41:53 -0700
rnetzlof writes:
In time, BPS, BOS, TOS, OS PCP, OS BCP withered away. Eventually DOS became DOS/VS, then DOS/VSE, while OS/360 wandered off into MFT (Multiple Fixed number of Tasks, MVT (Multiple Variable number of Tasks), SVS (Single Virtual Storage) and finally MVS (Multiple Virtual Storage).

MFT became VS1 ... and MVT became VS2 ... VS2 initially started with SVS ... very similar to MVT running in 16mbyte virtual machine ...

DOS/VS, VS1 and SVS (before MVS) were essentially all the earlier non-virtual version layed out in single virtual address spaces (larger than typical real storage). Then SVS morphs into MVS with multiple virtual address spaces.

First half of 70s, during FS, lots of 370 efforts were being shutdown. When FS imploded, there was mad rush to get stuff back into 370 product pipeline. POK kicked off 3033, 3081, and 370/XA in parallel. Lot of 370/XA was to address problems that had MVS had in 370. Major problem was os/360 heritage API was tightly tied to pointer passing. When everything was in single (real or virtual) address space it was no problem ... but when everything had their own virtual address space ... there was real problem with applications in one address space calling a subsystem in different address space. 370/XA was access registers ... with subsystems to access locations in different address spaces.

The low/mid-range Endicott equivalent (to POK 370/XA) was "e-architecture" for DOS/VS and VS1 ... where the single address space tables were moved into the microcode with new instructions to manage the mapping between virtual and real.

I recently did long-winded postings in ibm-main thread
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#23
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#27
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#29

trivia: CP67 build started out by taking all kernel assembled TXT decks and putting them behind BPS loader and IPL'ing the (real or virtual) reader. The BPS loader would load everything into memory and transfer control to routine that would write the memory to disk. Then CP67 system was IPL'ed from desk, reloading the memory image from disk and starting CP67 system execution.

I did a lot of work on CP67 as undergraduate in the 60s and ran into enormous problem that BPS loader had limit of 255 external entries. I started running into this limit and had to do all sorts of hacks to work around the limit. After joining the science center, I found a copy of the BPS source in a card cabinet when rumaging through card cabinent in storage room in the attic of 545 tech square. I was able to tweak the BPS source so handle a bunch of things ... that hacked BPS version was then also used for VM370. 545 tech posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Old word processors

Refed: **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Old word processors
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 04 Apr 2018 19:00:36 -0700
Andreas Kohlbach <ank@spamfence.net> writes:
After that (1974) there was of course CP/M. Various 8088 and Z80 based computers later had it as operating system. Along with word processors like StarWriter. No need for MS-DOS. :-D

They also had some dialect of BASIC. Usually made by Microsoft though.


re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#31 Old word processors

before ms/dos
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS
there was seattle computer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_Computer_Products
before seattle computer, there was cp/m
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M
before cp/m, kildall worked on cp67/cms at npg (gone 404, but lives on at the wayback machine)
https://web.archive.org/web/20071011100440/http://www.khet.net/gmc/docs/museum/en_cpmName.html
npg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Postgraduate_School
cp67/cms (aka precursor to vm/370)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/CMS
before cp67/cms ... there was virtual machine, interactive computing cp/40
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/cp40seas1982.txt
at the IBM science center, past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech

and before virtual machines at science center, some had worked on CTSS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compatible_Time-Sharing_System

reference getting 360/67 in 1967 (but wouldn't have gotten CP/67 until at least sometime the following year). References Kildall writing 8008 code 72-73 and in 1974 wrote CP/M, 1976 Kildall left NPG. Decembere 1980, NPG replaces 14yr old 360/67 with 3033AP, 1Apr1981 VM/CMS 2314 disks replaced
https://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/36809/NPSMilestones_2009-05-22.pdf

Early Digital Research CP/M Source Code
http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/early-digital-research-cpm-source-code/

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts
Date: 05 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts
http://www.businessinsider.com/pentagon-computers-software-from-1958-2017-3

mid-80s, top IBM executives were predicting that by early 90s world-wide revenue would double (instead of going into the red), nearly all based on mainframe business and there was massive internal building program to double mainframe manufacturing capacity. There was also huge influx in "fast-track" MBAs being constantly rotated through business unit management positions (preparing for IBM expansion doubling). It wasn't exactly career enhancing to point out that rather than the top executive predictions, business was starting to go in the opposite direction.

Late 80s, a senior disk engineer got a talk scheduled at internal, world-wide, annual, communication group conference ... supposedly on 3174 performance ... however he opened his talk with the statement that the head of the communication group was going to be responsible for the demise of the disk division. The issue was that the communication group had stranglehold on datacenters with corporate strategic ownership of everything that crossed datacenter walls and were fiercely fighting off distributed computing and client/server, trying to preserve their dumb terminal paradigm and install base. The disk division was seeing data fleeing datacenters to more distributed computing friendly platforms with fall in disk sales. The disk division had come up with a number of solution to address the opportunity, but they were constantly being vetoed by the communication group. The mainframe datacenter stranglehold wasn't just affecting disk sales and a few years later the company goes into the red. past posts about dumb terminal paradigm
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#terminal

mid-90s, wallstreet financial institutions spent billions to redo cobal financial settlement in the overnight batch window to straight through processing running parallel on large number of "killer micros". Pointing out that the off-the-shelf parallelization libraries that they were using had hundred times the overhead of cobal batch was ignored. It wasn't until deploying some major pilots went down in flames that the pull back occurred.

Middle of last decade we helped take some scale-up financial technology to major industry organization (FSTC). It was based on technology that decomposed business rules into fine-grain SQL statements and then relied on the work that major vendors put into massive parallelization scale-up for cluster RDBMS support. Initially it got great acceptance and then hit brick wall. We were finally told that executives still bore the scars of the 90s debacle and it would take another generation before it was tried again.

Current mainframe hardware sales are a percent or two of revenue but mainframe division is 25% of revenue and 40% of profit (software&services, milking declining market).

trivia: I did some work with Jim Gray on the original relational/SQL DBMS implementation, System/R. System/R posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#systemr

Jim's work on formalization f transactions is credited with giving financial auditors confidence in computerized records and operations ... from celebration of Jim's life:
https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/semiconductors/devices/tribute_to_computing_pioneer_j
Researchers credit his work with enabling ATMs, ecommerce, online ticketing, and other database intensive services we take for granted today.
... snip ...

UCB references (in above) gone 404, but live on at wayback machine (you can hear me somewhere in one of the following)
https://web.archive.org/web/20080604010939/http://webcast.berkeley.edu/event_details.php?webcastid=23082
https://web.archive.org/web/20080604072804/http://webcast.berkeley.edu/event_details.php?webcastid=23083
https://web.archive.org/web/20080604072809/http://webcast.berkeley.edu/event_details.php?webcastid=23087
https://web.archive.org/web/20080604072815/http://webcast.berkeley.edu/event_details.php?webcastid=23088

other trivia: we were doing HA/CMP in the early 90s and had little dustup at SIGOPS meeting. Jim was at DEC DBMS and supporting VAX/Cluster and criticizing that I couldn't provide high availability with off-the-shelf commodity hardware. A few years later, he was at m'soft on stage with the CEO pushing being able to do high availability with commodity hardware. Just before he disappears, he cons me into interviewing for chief security architect in Redmond ... the interview goes on for a few weeks, but we couldn't come to agreement
https://jimgray.azurewebsites.net/

more trivia: As part of HA/CMP we were working on commercial cluster scale-up with RDBMS vendors and technical cluster scale-up with national labs. Old post with reference to Jan1992 cluster scale-up meeting in Oracle CEO conference room
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13

Some of the RDBMS vendors had VAX/cluster support (in the same source base that supported UNIX) ... and had a list of several things that they believed (VAX/cluster) could be done much better. I did a cluster distributed lock manager based on my mainframe experience, fixing the things "wrong" from VAX/cluster and supporting VAX/cluster API ... simplifying RDBMS vendors porting to HA/CMP cluster scale-up. However, within a few weeks of the Ellison Jan1992 meeting, cluster scale-up was transferred, announced as IBM supercomputer for technical/scientific only, and we were told we couldn't work on anything with more than four processors (contributing was the mainframe DB2 RDBMS group were complaining that if I was allowed to go ahead, it would be at least 5yrs ahead of them). A few months later we leave IBM. HA/CMP posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp

original posts from year ago
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#11 The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#13 The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#15 The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#17 The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#30 The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#35 The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#36 The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#37 The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#39 The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#43 The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

The First E-mail Scandal, Long Before Hillary Clinton: Iran/Contra

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: The First E-mail Scandal, Long Before Hillary Clinton: Iran/Contra
Date: 05 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
The First E-mail Scandal, Long Before Hillary Clinton: Iran/Contra
https://www.thenation.com/article/the-first-email-scandal-long-before-hillary-clinton-iran-contra/
In Iran-Contra ... evidence was in PROFS backups, The guy running executive dataprocessing was charged with recovering files from PROFS backups
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_North#Iran.E2.80.93Contra_affair

This shows up again in 90s Clinton administration, and claims Hillary's assistant is wiping/disappearing backups, 100,000 lost in the 90s, because backup was "misconfigured"
http://www.judicialwatch.org/blog/2008/01/clinton-white-house-lost-emails-too/
Hillary's email scandal -- of the 1990s! Exclusive: Larry Klayman tells of 1 million messages 'lost' from White House server
http://www.wnd.com/2016/06/hillarys-email-scandal-of-the-1990s/
The Other Clinton Email Scandal You May Not Know About
http://ijr.com/2016/06/624529-this-isnt-the-first-clinton-email-scandal/

new processes was making it increasingly hard to compromise gov. servers, so approach is to move to non-gov. servers

Politicos squabble over 'missing' White House e-mails
https://www.cnet.com/news/politicos-squabble-over-missing-white-house-e-mails/
The George W. Bush White House 'Lost' 22 Million Emails
http://www.newsweek.com/2016/09/23/george-w-bush-white-house-lost-22-million-emails-497373.html
Special Report: G.W. Bush's 103.6 million missing email messages and the IT archiving challenge
http://www.zdnet.com/article/special-report-g-w-bushs-103-6-million-missing-email-messages-and-the-it-archiving-challenge/
Bush White House email controversy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush_White_House_email_controversy
Missing White House Emails
http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/web-video/missing-white-house-emails
Disappearing White House Emails Timeline
https://www.emptywheel.net/2008/01/17/disappearing-white-house-emails-timeline/
Group Sues White House to Restore Missing Emails; National Security Archive says White House must reactivate its email archiving system
http://www.darkreading.com/attacks-breaches/group-sues-white-house-to-restore-missing-emails/d/d-id/1128976

Trump White House Senior Staff Have Private RNC Email Accounts
http://www.newsweek.com/trump-emails-rnc-reince-priebus-white-house-server-548191
Weak White House email domain security 'poses a national security risk': Study
https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/weak-white-house-email-domain-security-poses-a-national-security-risk-study

note that VP (and former director of CIA) repeatedly claiming no knowledge of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Contra_affair
because he was fulltime administration point person deregulating financial industry ... creating S&L crisis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_and_loan_crisis
along with other members of his family
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_and_loan_crisis#Silverado_Savings_and_Loan
and another
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE0D81E3BF937A25753C1A966958260

last decade, another family member presides over the economic mess, 70 times larger than the S&L crisis, proportionally there should have been 70,000 criminal convictions (with jailtimes), so far nobody has even been charged.

S&L crisis posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#s&l.crisis
economic mess posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#economic.mess

note both 80s SECSTATE and SECDEF were Bechtel executives ... helping their (former) employer do business in the middle east. "The Profiteers: Bechtel and the Men Who Built the World" ... Bechtel is also part of the massive uptic in gov. outsourcing last decade
https://www.amazon.com/Profiteers-Bechtel-Men-Built-World-ebook/dp/B010MHAHV2/

VP has become president and Iran/Contra prosecutors are working with former SECDEF on evidence ... including against the sitting president. The president then "pardons" the former SECDEF.

loc2752-54:
Pollard had accidentally "busted the most secret White House operation of modern times," as one account put it. "Neither Pollard nor the government of Israel was aware that they had smashed George Bush's first shipment of arms to Iran."

loc2764-65:
Despite his best efforts to silence Pollard, Weinberger would not escape his own entanglement in the Iran-Contra conspiracy, for which he would ultimately face criminal charges.
... snip ...

eventually a bunch of evidence is turned over (that the president had "forgotten" about) showing he was heavily involved in Iran/Contra

other recent posts mentioning Bechtel
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#67 Trump White House Senior Staff Have Private RNC Email Accounts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017b.html#34 Good News and Bad News at Hanford, America's Most Polluted Site
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017b.html#83 Sleepwalking Into a Nuclear Arms Race with Russia
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#59 Breaking: Entire Nation Experiencing Collective Amnesia About Iraq War
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#99 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#45 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#57 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#104 Early use of word "computer", 1944
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#41 Iran/Contra and Email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#33 Disregard post (another screwup; absolutely nothing to do with computers whatsoever!)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#74 On Tactics
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#107 Iraq, Longest War
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#115 When It Comes to the War in the Greater Middle East, Maybe We're the Bad Guys
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#20 IBM Profs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#73 Why People Dislike Really Smart Leaders
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#23 Important US technology companies sold to foreigners
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#25 Bitcoin confusion?

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Osborne 1 with speech synthesis

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Osborne 1 with speech synthesis
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 05 Apr 2018 18:39:33 -0700
drb@ihatespam.msu.edu (Dennis Boone) writes:
Nonsense. People were _building their own_ terminal concentrators (and then hooking dialup pools to them) at least as long ago as the 60s, and IBM already sold same then.

CP/67 delivered to univ jan1968 had 2741 & 1052 terminal support with automatic terminal type identification. Univ. had some number of TTY/ascii ... so I added tty/ascii in such a way that it did automatic terminal type across 2741, 1052 & TTY/ascii. I then wanted to have single dial-in number (hunt-group) for all terminals. It wouldn't work with ibm terminal controllers because while it was possible to change the (terminal) type of line scanner per port ... port/line speeds were hardwired; needed one hunt-group for 2741&1052 and another for tty/ascii
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_hunting

this somewhat motivated univ. to start clone controller project ... did a channel interface board for interdata/3 programmed to emulate IBM terminal type controller ... with the addition of doing automatic line/terminal speed. This was later upgraded to interdata/4 with the channel interface and cluster of interdata/3s for port/line scanners. Interdata (and later Perkin/Elmer) marketed this implementation and four of us got written up for (some part of) clone controller business past posts:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#360pcm

Univ. of Michigan did something similar for their 360/67 running MTS (but using PDP):
http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/gallery/gallery7.html
http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/gallery/gallery8.html

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Osborne 1 with speech synthesis

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Osborne 1 with speech synthesis
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 05 Apr 2018 21:39:16 -0700
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#35 Osborne 1 with speech synthesis

Interdata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdata
Interdata, Inc., was a computer company, founded in 1966 by a former Electronics Associates engineer, Daniel Sinnott, and was based in Oceanport, New Jersey. The company produced a line of 16- and 32-bit minicomputers that were loosely based on the IBM 360 architecture but at a cheaper price.[1] In 1974, it produced one of the first 32-bit minicomputers,[2] the Interdata 7/32. The company then used the parallel processing approach, where multiple tasks were performed at the same time, making real-time computing a reality.[3]
... snip ...

Interdata/4
http://s3data.computerhistory.org/brochures/interdata.4.1969.102646126.pdf

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Software Delivery on Tape to be Discontinued

From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: Software Delivery on Tape to be Discontinued
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 6 Apr 2018 10:58:02 -0700
llosee@GMAIL.COM (Lou Losee) writes:
Yes you are correct that you have to initiate your trust somewhere. The paradigm is that you trust the vendor that delivers the CA certificates to you (e.g., Mozilla, Microsoft, IBM, etc.) Hand delivering keys defeats the purpose of using certificates. If you were going to hand deliver keys, you might as well just use a symmetric cipher rather than asymmetric. If you want perfect unbreakable encryption then you should hand deliver one time pads between the parties.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#28 Software Delivery on Tape to Be Discontinued

symmetric key ... like passwords ... are shared-secrets ... you need a unique value for every security domain (or use, as countermeasure to cross domain attacks).

the same single public/private key pair could be used for every security domain in lieu of unique shared-secret ... shifting from an institutional centric security paradigm to a person-centric security paradigm.

this is somewhat analogous to biometric authentication ... but can work at a distance rather than requiring person's biometric be physically present.

the trivial approach is registering a public key in lieu of a unique pin/password at every institution ... we actually did example implementations for radius, kerberos and some number of other widely used authentication infrastructure.

problem was that it would generate no new revenue stream ... and the certification authority industry really wanted their $20B/year

tirivia ... in the digital signature scenario ... some hash (SHA, MD5, etc) is calculated for the data, the hash encrypted with the private key and appended to the data. the recipient decrypts the digital signature with the public key and compares the decrypted value with recalculated hash. This confirms/authenticates that the original data hasn't been changes and also confirms/authenticates the sender.

The use in lieu of pin/password ... the institution has to protect against replay attacks. Rather than the user generating the data that is signed ... the institution sends the user some unique data. The user than encrypts the hash of the unique data with their private key and returns the encrypted hash to the institution (doesn't have to return the data, since the institution already has it). The institution then decrypts the returned value with the public key (saved in file that had previously stored pin/password) and compares it with the hash of the originally transmitted value.

There is no longer a danger of pin/passwords being skimmed or the pin/password file being copied ... and in fact can be transmitted completely in the clear (w/o any additional encryption).

We used this for the X9.59. Financial industry started out saying that they could not trust some other certification authority and would only recognize relying-party-only certificates (i.e. only recognize certificates that they had issued).

However, a certification authority has to create a business process that does background on the public key and then save the public key in some administration file (before issuing a certificate). However, for a financial institution, that would all be collapsed in account record. But in any sort of financial authentication, it involves accessing the account record ... where the public key has been stored ... having it also in appended digital certificate (that is typically 100 times larger than financial transaction) is then redundant and superfluous (since a financial institution will already have the public key).

Then for the whole financial industry, certificates became unnecessary. Also since X9.59 account transactions could only be done with public key (digital signature) ... crooks were no longer able to do fraudulent transaction against an x9.59 w/o the corresponding private key. Since the private key was never divulged ... it was no longer necessary to hide/encrypt/ssl/tls such financial transactions (skimming, breaches, evesdropping, wern't prevented, but the risk of crooks being able to use the information was eliminated).

One of the things that the transit industry then asked was if I could design a chip that could do such transactions and be implemented in a contractless transit card (i.e. amount of power for doing calculations is severely limited) and time constraint of turnstyle (1/10 sec or less). Turns out using a variation of ECC would be as strong or stronger than RSA ... and do the calculations within the power and time constraints of a transit contactless turnstyle.

other trivia: its certification authority ... not certificate authority ... the service provided is certification (some correspondence between the public key and some entity) ... which is then encapsulated in a certificate. However, since fine print frequently says that the certification has no warranty ... there is frequent disire to distract the market ... and make believe that the certificate by itself has some magic pixie dust property.

shared-secret posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#secret
x9.59 posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#x959
radius posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#radius
kerberos posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#kerberos
signature posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#signature
relying-party-only certificate posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#rpo

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Osborne 1 with speech synthesis

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Osborne 1 with speech synthesis
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 06 Apr 2018 11:29:53 -0700
Charles Richmond <numerist@aquaporin4.com> writes:
Later Perkin-Elmer bought the line, and it became the Perkin-Elmer 7/32

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdata_7/32_and_8/32


re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#35 Osborne 1 with speech synthesis
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#36 Osborne 1 with speech synthesis

around 2000, I was in large east coast datacenter and there was a perkin-elmer branded version of our clone controller ... that was handling majority of east coast dialup point-of-sale credit card terminals.

at the time, majority of the dial-up point-of-sale credit card terminals were small square boxes with magstripe ... that had 2400 baud dialup and internally emulated PC/XT with flash disk and running MS/DOS.

trivia: about that time somebody did a study about upgrading from 2400 baud to 56kbits. it turns out the elapsed time for typical transaction at 2400 baud was less than the 56kbit connect negotiating time (so any move to 56kbit would increased the elapsed time for transaction).

other trivia: perkin-elmer was also active VM370 member at SHARE. I remember them doing a study of compression for CMS filesystem. They showed that the pathlength of compression/decompression was frequently offset by the savings in pathlength for doing fewer disks I/O (for the reduced data transferred to/from disk).

Bruce Marshall was VM manager at Perkin-Elmer and one of the original (Mar 1978) Knights of VM
http://mvmua.org/knights.html

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

What Happened to the $2.6 Trillion Social Security Trust Fund?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: What Happened to the $2.6 Trillion Social Security Trust Fund?
Date: 06 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
What Happened to the $2.6 Trillion Social Security Trust Fund?
https://www.forbes.com/sites/merrillmatthews/2011/07/13/what-happened-to-the-2-6-trillion-social-security-trust-fund/

semi-related trivia: in 1999 I was asked to try and help prevent the coming economic mess ... improve integrity of securitized mortgage supporting documents. However they find that they can pay the rating agencies for triple-A (when the rating agencies knew they weren't worth triple-A, from Oct2008 congressional hearings). Triple-A trumps supporting documentations and they can start doing no-documentation, liar loans. Claim is part of getting triple-A is that then enables them to sell toxic CDOs to funds restricted to only dealing in "safe" investments ... like large institutional &government pension funds (some claim resulting losses were 1/3rd of the funds, privatizing SS was to make it subject to similar losses). Also the triple-A largely enabled them to do over $27T 2001-2008 in these toxic CDOs (although the $27T 2001-2008 is ten times the SS Trust Fund).

economic mess posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#economic.mess
(triple-A) toxic CDOs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#toxic.cdo

more recent SS Trust Fund refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#4 Mandated Spending
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#7 Mandated Spending
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#40 past of nukes, was Future of support for telephone rotary dial ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#41 past of nukes, was Future of support for telephone rotary dial ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#108 Occupy Democrats
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015d.html#62 Medicare Part B premiums increasing up to 30%
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015d.html#66 Western Union envisioned internet functionality
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015d.html#68 Western Union envisioned internet functionality
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015d.html#75 Greedy Banks Nailed With $5 BILLION+ Fine For Fraud And Corruption
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015d.html#82 Western Union envisioned internet functionality
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015e.html#37 The real story of how the Internet became so vulnerable
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015e.html#64 Western Union envisioned internet functionality
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015e.html#75 prices, was Western Union envisioned internet functionality
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015f.html#27 Federal Subsidies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015f.html#48 1973--TI 8 digit electric calculator--$99.95
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015h.html#4 Decimal point character and billions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015h.html#48 Protecting Social Security from the Thieves in the Night
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015h.html#54 rationality
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016.html#22 I Feel Old
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016.html#44 Thanks Obama
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#25 SS Trust Fund
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016c.html#23 How Generation Y is paying the price for baby boomer pensions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016c.html#88 Goldman Slammed With $5.1 Billion Fine For "Serious Misconduct" In Mortgage Selling
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016e.html#54 Social Security Trust Fund IOUs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016e.html#91 E.R. Burroughs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#65 old Western Union Telegraph Company advertising
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#101 Chain of Title: How Three Ordinary Americans Uncovered Wall Street's Great Foreclosure Fraud
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016g.html#95 Social Security Trust Fund
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#37 GOP Announces Privatization Of Medicare And The Details Are TERRIFYING
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#61 GOP introduces plan to massively cut Social Security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#63 GOP introduces plan to massively cut Social Security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#100 Attack SS Entitlements
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#5 The Champions of the 401(k) Lament the Revolution They Started
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#11 Attack SS Entitlements
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#30 $16T National Debt
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#42 Peak Savings: Wall Street Faces 20 Years Of Retirement Withdrawals As Boomers Hit 70 1/2
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017b.html#43 when to get out???
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#67 Economists are arguing over how their profession messed up during the Great Recession. This is what happened
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#12 SS Trust Fund
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#48 SS Trust Fund
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#50 SS Trust Fund
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#45 "Subprime Is Contained" (& Other Evidence That "They Really Don't Know What They're Doing")
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#55 How Economists Turned Corporations into Predators
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#9 Who Is The Smallest Government Spender Since Eisenhower? Would You Believe It's Barack Obama?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#59 How Income Tax on Social Security Became a $277 Billion Problem for Retirees

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Osborne 1 with speech synthesis

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Osborne 1 with speech synthesis
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 06 Apr 2018 17:43:44 -0700
hancock4 writes:
The Bell System developed a Transaction Telephone intended to speed such credit card verification inquiries. I don't think they ever were widely used; a plain Touch Tone set could do the job almost as easily, without the extra cost of a fancy phone.

Since the inquiry is a very brief transaction, a low bandwidth continuous line would've worked out well, however, I don't think that approach was taken too far.


re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#35 Osborne 1 with speech synthesis
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#36 Osborne 1 with speech synthesis
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#38 Osborne 1 with speech synthesis

the point-of-sale magstripe terminal with built in modem ... would also run other business processing (longer transaction) at end of shift or once a day.

large stores would have all checkout counters connect to store concentrator ... which then ran single line to payment network. the small store individual dialup with single checkout.

a lot of these (both concentrators and single POS) have been moving to the internet.

trivia: for electronic commerce (i.e. we were brought into small client/server startup that wanted to payment transactions on their server, they had also invented this technology they called "SSL" they wanted to use, the result is now frequently called "electronic commerce") , was originally adopted from "Shift4" protocol ... a company that was specializing in POS and concentrator for T&E (travel and entertainment), hotels/motels and casinos ... seems to have morphed some over the past 24-25yrs.
https://www.shift4.com/

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 07 Apr 2018 13:13:51 -0700
S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs
http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_PR360.html

... and from 34yrs ago

we had regular Friday's after work and one of the discussions was that most of middle management and executives were computer illiterate ... and could we create something that would attract them to using computers. We came up with the idea of doing online telephone books. Jim Gray would write the lookup application and I would create the collection and formating process ... but neither of us would use more than 2weeks of our time (note this was later picked up by and shipped by PROFs). One of the hardest problems were site security that believed computer/soft copies of paper phone books violated security. From long ago and far away:
Date: 04/07/80 09:33:19 From: wheeler
To: gray

TELE EXEC starts out with

• DIRECTRY

but I would like to be able to specify as parm on TELE a name specification like

TELE wheeler ( s*

which would then search s* directry files. Default would start out being all files and then somebody could override with just subset. People could have their own execs to invoke TELE, i.e. MYFONE

EXEC TELE &1 &2 &3 ( myfone
EXEC ELE &1 &2 &3 ( sanjose

-- 'bout as easy to customize it this way as any.

... snip ... top of post, old email index

.... a few minutes earlier
Date 04/07/80 09:19:05
To: wheeler
From: gray

Lynn: the VMCF stuff sounds good.

I will combine the TELEX and PROBE (probably tonight). Another approach would be to have a list of files to be searched called the TELE SEARCH file. This could specify the order of the search and also which files are to be searched. If this were done then TELE would have to change also. Any thoughts?

... snip ... top of post, old email index

.... the day before,
Date: 04/06/80 13:02:12
From: wheeler
To: distribution

re: directries; following has gone out on stl's VMTOOLs disk. Gray is working on PROB routine for use by TELE exec. If request is simple case of last name then the PROB routine will be invoked to search the files. Currently SCANFILE is taking almost .8 168 seconds to search all directries we have so far. Hopefully the PROB code will cut that be nearly an order of magniture.

DIRECTRY QMARK:

This file describes the NEWS files which have a CMS filetype of DIRECTRY containing online telephone directory information. There may be many files, usually representing different physical locations or entites.

The use of these files is intended to be location specific. At Santa Teresa they are maintained on a "best effort" basis. Users are encouraged to make use of the information contained within these files but are also warned that they are convenience items only, THE ACCURRACY OR CURRENCY OF THE DATA IS NOT GUARANTEED! The system of interchange and use is still in development. The TELE EXEC searches these files (as of the DIRECTRY scheme cutover date on TELE INDEX within NEWS contains entries pertaining to the TELE/DIRECTRY files and access.

This file will be updated as changes warrant. 80 March 31.

... snip ... top of post, old email index

trivia: there had been application that did SCANFILE which was sequential search of files (sort of like unix grep). PROBE was radix partition search. Binary Search starts in middle of sorted file, 16k entry file takes avg. 14 tries (i.e. 2**14). Radix partition used the letter frequency distribution of sorted phone data, using first two letters of last name, 16k file, calculated partition avgs 24 records, first try is middle of that partition ... 2nd try includes correction for "error" of 1st try. Typical logical record was 80bytes, typical physical record was 4096bytes ... high probabilty 1st try will at least be within the correct physical recrd.

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs

Refed: **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 07 Apr 2018 14:13:15 -0700
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#41 S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs

and also ibm retirees posting today: Change and Continuity at IBM: Key Themes in Histories of IBM
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/DADE64DDC8569B2F9046B4CF47DFA814/S0007680518000041a.pdf/change_and_continuity_at_ibm_key_themes_in_histories_of_ibm.pdf

and other IBM drift, "The rise and fall of IBM", both in French and English
https://www.ecole.org/en/session/49-the-rise-and-fall-of-ibm

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 08 Apr 2018 09:52:57 -0700
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#41 S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#42 S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs

a little more:

Some Key Dates in IBM's Operations in Europe, the Middle East and Africa
https://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/documents/pdf/emea.pdf

One of my hobbies after joining IBM was creating & supporting enhanced operating systems for internal datacenters, including a long time customer HONE.

When HONE started being cloned around the world, I would be asked to go over for the installation, did one in (new) Tour Franklin, early 70s, landscaping hadn't been completed, still brown dirt around the bldg. Hard part was reading my email back in the states.

Late 70s and early 80s I was blamed for online computer conferencing (precursor to social media) on the internal network (larger than arpanet/internet from just about the beginning until sometime mid-80s). Folklore is when the corporate executive committee was told about online computer conferencing (and the internal network), 5of6 wanted to fire me.

Old (archived) email from person given responsibility for doing EARN (see EMEA 1983 above, had been former co-worker at science center)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#email840320

Note In Aug1976, TYMSHARE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymshare

started offering its CMS-based online computer conferencing "free" to (IBM user group) SHARE
https://www.share.org/

I created process to get monthly complete copy of all vmshare for placing on internal systems (includine HONE systems) and making available on the internal network. Biggest problem I had was with the lawyers that were afraid customer information could contaminate IBM employees. Archives here:
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/

IBM email from somebody in Helsinki
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007b.html#email830112
IBM email from somebody in Kuwait trying to get information about how his customer can access TYMSHARE
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007b.html#email830227

EARN (& BITNET posts), corporate sponsored UNIV network posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#bitnet
internal network posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet
online computer conferencing posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#cmc
HONE posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Anatomy of Failure: Why America Loses Every War It Starts

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Anatomy of Failure: Why America Loses Every War It Starts
Date: 08 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
Anatomy of Failure: Why America Loses Every War It Starts
https://www.amazon.com/Anatomy-Failure-America-Loses-Starts-ebook/dp/B075XPH31Q/

loc101-4:
This book has its origins in the Vietnam War, in 1965. I was serving as a Swift Boat skipper in the northernmost part of the Republic of South Vietnam. Over time (I was there from 1965 to 1967), even a junior naval officer could not ignore the recurring displays of arrogance, naiveté, ignorance, ineptitude, and incompetence by the senior American political and military leadership in waging that conflict.

loc520-23:
George W. Bush similarly lacked experience and qualifications for the office. Two terms as governor of Texas—a position with far less authority than in most states—could not equip the younger Bush for higher office. Observing his father's twelve years in the White House as vice president and then as president might have been instructive.
... snip ...

... however a lot more complicated, financial; note that VP (and former director of CIA) repeatedly claiming no knowledge of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Contra_affair
because he was fulltime administration point person deregulating financial industry ... creating S&L crisis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_and_loan_crisis
along with other members of his family
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_and_loan_crisis#Silverado_Savings_and_Loan
and another
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE0D81E3BF937A25753C1A966958260

last decade, another family member presides over the economic mess, 70 times larger than the S&L crisis which had 1000 criminal convictions with jailtime, proportionally there should have been 70,000 criminal convictions, but has had none.

... and military: much earlier, CIA director Colby refuses to approve "Team B" analysis claiming huge Russian military capability, justifying huge US military spending increase.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_B

White House Chief of Staff Rumsfeld replaces Colby with somebody (Bush1) that will agree with "Team B" analysis. Rumsfeld then resigns to become SECDEF (and is replaced by his assistant Cheney). In the 80s, Bush1 is VP and Rumsfeld is involved in supporting Iraq.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Iraq_War
including supplying WMDs (includes picture of Rumsfeld with Saddam)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran-Iraq_war

In the early 90s, Bush1 is president and Cheney is SECDEF. Sat. photo recon analyst told white house that saddam was marshaling forces to invade Kuwait. White house said that saddam would do no such thing and proceeded to discredit the analyst. Later the analyst informed the white house that saddam was marshaling forces to invade Saudi Arabia, now the white house has to choose between saddam and the Saudis.
https://www.amazon.com/Long-Strange-Journey-Intelligence-ebook/dp/B004NNV5H2/

This century, Bush2 is president, Cheney is VP, Rumsfeld is SECDEF and one of the "Team B" members is deputy SECDEF (and major architect of Iraq policy).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz

note both 80s SECSTATE and SECDEF were Bechtel executives ... helping their (former) employer do business in the middle east. "The Profiteers: Bechtel and the Men Who Built the World" ... Bechtel is also part of the massive uptic in gov. outsourcing last decade
https://www.amazon.com/Profiteers-Bechtel-Men-Built-World-ebook/dp/B010MHAHV2/

VP has become president and Iran/Contra prosecutors are working with former SECDEF on evidence ... including against the sitting president. The president then "pardons" the former SECDEF.

loc2752-54:
Pollard had accidentally "busted the most secret White House operation of modern times," as one account put it. "Neither Pollard nor the government of Israel was aware that they had smashed George Bush's first shipment of arms to Iran."

loc2764-65:
Despite his best efforts to silence Pollard, Weinberger would not escape his own entanglement in the Iran-Contra conspiracy, for which he would ultimately face criminal charges.
... snip ...

eventually a bunch of evidence is turned over (that the president had "forgotten" about) showing he was heavily involved in Iran/Contra

part of military at least "War Is A Racket"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Is_a_Racket
and more recent "Economic Hit-Man" kleptocracy around the world ... and send in the "jackals" when other means fail
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confessions_of_an_Economic_Hit_Man
and
https://www.amazon.com/New-Confessions-Economic-Hit-Man-ebook/dp/B017MZ8EBM/
and more recently Spinney's (military-industrial complex) "perpetual wars"
http://chuckspinney.blogspot.com/p/domestic-roots-of-perpetual-war.html

Anatomy of Failure: Why America Loses Every War It Starts, loc134-36:
The flaw in this strategy was that North Vietnam already had an effective logistical land route to the South, called the Ho Chi Minh. This trail, deep in the interior of Southeast Asia, did not need seaborne routes. But the Navy was anxious to get its share of the action€”even though there was little action to be had.
... snip ...

I would sponsor Col Boyd's briefings in the 80s and continue to participate in Boyd-themed conferences and discussions. Boyd would talk about being very vocal about electronics on the trail wouldn't work ... possibly as punishment is then made command of "spook base". Spook base ref gone 404, but lives on at wayback machine
https://web.archive.org/web/20030212092342/http://home.att.net/~c.jeppeson/igloo_white.html

perpetual war posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#perpetual.war
military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex
team b posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#team.b
WMD posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#wmds

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam: Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam: Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife
Date: 08 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam: Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife
https://www.amazon.com/Counterinsurgency-Lessons-Malaya-Vietnam-Learning-ebook/dp/B000QECG20/

contrasts British handling Malaysia insurgency (welcome change/innovation coming bottom up) with US handling Vietnam insurgency (US Army insists it is still fighting top-down command&control conventional WW2 in Europe, repeatedly discounting special forces and marines experience) loc1545-47:
The British army demonstrated a remarkable openness to learning during the years from 1952 to 1957. Bottom-up input was welcomed, from tactical innovations, such as walking backward, through operational ones, such as food denial operations; district advisers, British army privates, and Surrendered Enemy Personnel were asked for ideas on better ways to accomplish the objectives of the organization.
... snip ...

How Toyota Turns Workers Into Problem Solvers
http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/how-toyota-turns-workers-into-problem-solvers
To paraphrase one of our contacts, he said, "It's not that we don't want to tell you what TPS is, it's that we can't. We don't have adequate words for it. But, we can show you what TPS is."

We've observed that Toyota, its best suppliers, and other companies that have learned well from Toyota can confidently distribute a tremendous amount of responsibility to the people who actually do the work, from the most senior, experienced member of the organization to the most junior. This is accomplished because of the tremendous emphasis on teaching everyone how to be a skillful problem solver.

... snip ...

more ... Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam, loc1628-30:
The American army's involvement in the Second Indochina War from 1950 to 1972 demonstrates the triumph of the institutional culture of an organization over attempts at doctrinal innovation and the diminution of the effectiveness of the organization at accomplishing national objectives.

loc1631-33:
The concept that success in counterinsurgency consisted of separating the insurgents from popular support never took root. The U.S. Army proceeded with its historical role of destroying the enemy army-even if it had a hard time finding it. The United States Army entered the Vietnam War with a doctrine well suited to fighting conventional war in Europe, but worse than useless for the counterinsurgency it was about to combat.

loc1641-43:
The learning cycle was also ineffective in recognizing poor performance, suggesting doctrinal innovation, gaining organizational consensus behind new doctrine, and disseminating the changes throughout the army in Vietnam. Although there was substantial innovation from below, neither the personnel nor the organization of the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) and of its successor organization, Military Assistance Command-Vietnam (MACV), was conducive to counterinsurgency learning.

and

loc2818-20:
Many of these innovations were, if useless, at least not harmful to the achievement of American goals; the same can hardly be said for the use of strategic B-52 bombers in a tactical close air support role, which produced a vast number of civilian causalities and provided duds (5 percent of the bombs failed to explode) for booby traps that killed more than one thousand U.S. soldiers in 1966 alone
... snip ...

note in Iraq2 invasion, invaders were ordered to bypass ammo dumps looking for (non-existent) WMDs, when they got around to going back, over million metric tons had disappeared. From the law of unintended consequences, large artillery shells start showing up in IEDs.
https://www.amazon.com/Prophets-War-Lockheed-Military-Industrial-ebook/dp/B0047T86BA/

McMaster's 1997 book (Phd thesis), quite critical of Johnson, McNamara, Westmoreland, body count, and whole counterinsurgency program (when Johnson was asked what they were suppose to do in Vietnam, he consistently replies, "kill more viet cong" ... also long litany of Johnson & McNamara lying to congress).
https://www.amazon.com/Dereliction-Duty-Johnson-McNamara-Chiefs-ebook/dp/B004HW7834/

Doesn't get as far as Nixon's "treason" in manipulating peace talks to improve his winning election (but does talk about Johnson lying about vietnam and manipulating opinion to help him win election). From (then) recently declassified info, basically advisers didn't see US could win (wasn't military issue) ... but it would be worse position in world opinion if didn't try.

Milton Miles book ("Different Kind of War")
https://www.amazon.com/Different-Kind-War-little-known-guerrilla/dp/B0006BQ5XY/

first half was about going into china to setup coastal watchers but then spent much of the rest training 50,000 guerrillas fighting the Japanese. He then spends the last half of the book about how OSS and Army gave china to the communists. They came in and wanted to take over the whole operation. The US Navy and Nationalists rebuffed them, so to get something they could take credit for, they support the communists. Also has Marshall supporting Army, both as SECDEF and then later SECSTATE (47-49). Then 1949 China White Paper somewhat trying to absolve state for giving China to the Communists ... possible excuse was Marshall was preoccupied with Europe ... however there was also a lot of placating Stalin because they believed they needed Soviets to defeat Japan.
https://archive.org/details/VanSlykeLymanTheChinaWhitePaper1949

In Manchuria there was 1.5M Soviets fighting 1M Japanese. By comparison Okinawa, US had 600k fighting 76k Japanese. This covers a lot of Soviets in WW2, including Manchuria (after Germans had been defeated) "free pdf"
https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-89-1/index.html
kindle
https://www.amazon.com/HISTORICAL-PERSPECTIVES-OPERATIONAL-ART-ANTHOLOGY-ebook/dp/B0086W3GX2/

Without giving China to the communists, there wouldn't have been Korea, and w/o Korea they wouldn't have been domino theory, and w/o domino theory, there wouldn't have been excuse for Vietnam.

and with regard to B-52s, remember McNamara was LeMay's staff planning (strategic) fire bombing of German and Japanese cities. After end of WW2, he leaves for the auto industry, but comes back as SECDEF for Vietnam where Laos becomes the most bombed country in the world, more tonnage than Germany and Japan combined. USAF had made all sort of claims for WW2 strategic bombing (it accounted for 1/3rd of total US WW2 spending) and even claimed it would win the war w/o US even having to invade europe. However, Strategic 4engine heavy bombers had difficulty hitting target from 5-6 miles up, even with Norden sights. Example
https://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/2011/pubs/the-european-campaign-its-origins-and-conduct/

loc2582-85:
The bomber preparation of Omaha Beach was a total failure, and German defenses on Omaha Beach were intact as American troops came ashore. At Utah Beach, the bombers were a little more effective because the IXth Bomber Command was using B-26 medium bombers. Wisely, in preparation for supporting the invasion, maintenance crews removed Norden bombsights from the bombers and installed the more effective low-level altitude sights.
... snip ...

possible motivation for switching to fire bombing cities (and civilians) ... fire bombing would be almost impossible to miss a whole city

TPS posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#54 Boyd's OODA-loop
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#59 Deconstructing the "Warrior Caste:" The Beliefs and Backgrounds of Senior Military Elites
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#93 The U.S. Military Believes People Have a Sixth Sense
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#100 Why CEO pay structures harm companies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#8 Trump is taking the wrong approach to China on tech, says ex-Reagan official who helped beat Soviets
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#2 Mission Command: The Who, What, Where, When and Why An Anthology
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#32 progress in e-mail, such as AOL
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#24 The Ultimate Guide to the OODA-Loop

military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

strategic bombing posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#63 One Nation Under God: How Corporate America Invented Christian America
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#91 Godwin's Law should force us to remember & fear our shared heritage with Nazi Germany
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#38 Imperial Hubris
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#55 Should America Have Entered World War I?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#22 Ironic old "fortune"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#60 The Illusion Of Victory: America In World War I
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#69 The knives are out for Trump's national security adviser H.R. McMaster
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#18 5 Naval Battles That Changed History Forever
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#41 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#60 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#84 Early use of word "computer", 1944
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#53 Dunkirk
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#99 The Real Reason You Should See Dunkirk: Hitler Lost World War II There
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#3 Dunkirk
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#34 Disregard post (another screwup; absolutely nothing to do with computers whatsoever!)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#28 WW2 Internment
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#74 When Working From Home Doesn't Work
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#21 Norden bombsight
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#24 What if the Kuomintang Had Won the Chinese Civil War?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#35 Tech: we didn't mean for it to turn out like this
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#47 America's Over-Hyped Strategic Bombing Experiment
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#70 Russia Invaded Japanese Islands With U.S. Ships -- After Japan Surrendered
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#8 The First World War
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#13 Predicting the future in five years as seen from 1983
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#48 1963 Timesharing: A Solution to Computer Bottlenecks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#45 More Guns Do Not Stop More Crimes, Evidence Shows
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#60 Revealed - the capitalist network that runs the world
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#2 FY18 budget deal yields life-sustaining new wings for the A-10 Warthog

fire bombing posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016.html#60 For those who like to regress to their youth? :-)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016c.html#73 Qbasic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016c.html#91 Qbasic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016d.html#8 What Does School Really Teach Children
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016d.html#30 AM radio Qbasic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016d.html#82 "Computer & Automation" later issues--anti-establishment thrust
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016d.html#90 "Computer & Automation" later issues--anti-establishment thrust
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016e.html#113 E.R. Burroughs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#27 British socialism / anti-trust
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#56 "One Nation Under God: How Corporate America Invented Christian America"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#64 Strategic Bombing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#68 Strategic Bombing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016g.html#63 America's Over-Hyped Strategic Bombing Experiment
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#21 "I used a real computer at home...and so will you" (Popular Science May 1967)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#32 "I used a real computer at home...and so will you" (Popular Science May 1967)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#33 "I used a real computer at home...and so will you" (Popular Science May 1967)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#34 "I used a real computer at home...and so will you" (Popular Science May 1967)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#36 "I used a real computer at home...and so will you" (Popular Science May 1967)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#83 "I used a real computer at home...and so will you" (Popular Science May 1967)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#38 Imperial Hubris
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#22 Ironic old "fortune"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#69 The knives are out for Trump's national security adviser H.R. McMaster
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#60 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#61 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#82 Early use of word "computer", 1944
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#84 Early use of word "computer", 1944
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#53 Dunkirk
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#99 The Real Reason You Should See Dunkirk: Hitler Lost World War II There
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#3 Dunkirk
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#34 Disregard post (another screwup; absolutely nothing to do with computers whatsoever!)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#28 WW2 Internment
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#21 Norden bombsight
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#47 America's Over-Hyped Strategic Bombing Experiment
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#70 Russia Invaded Japanese Islands With U.S. Ships -- After Japan Surrendered
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#48 1963 Timesharing: A Solution to Computer Bottlenecks

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Slashdot: Business under-investing in I.T

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: Slashdot: Business under-investing in I.T.
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 9 Apr 2018 09:34:49 -0700
poodles511@SBCGLOBAL.NET (Dan @ Poodles) writes:
It's simple business economics - i.e., cost center vs profit center. Businesses will always invest in revenue generating first above all else.

big cloud megadatacenters (hundreds of thousands of systems, millions of processors) had been spending enormous amount to commoditize server systems, for more than decade they say they've been assembling their own systems at 1/3rd the cost of brand name systems. About the time server chip makers said they were shipping more chips to cloud customers (to assemble their own systems) than to server vendors, IBM sold off its server business.
http://www.opencompute.org/

They've managed to so commoditize the cost of servers (cost but shows on bottom line) that power & cooling have increasingly become major part of their costs ... and they are putting heavy pressure on server chip makers to significantly improve power (& cooling) use. Also they've managed to drop server cost so drastically that they can provision large number of extra systems for "on-demand" ... and they require systems that power/cooling drop to near zero when idle but are nearly instant on when needed.

It is so changing the metrics that server price/performance is being replaced by power efficiency ratio.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_usage_effectiveness

and PUE is also affecting locations chosen to build new megadatacenters.

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Who Wrote Fortran IV, Level G?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Who Wrote Fortran IV, Level G?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 09 Apr 2018 11:25:49 -0700
Quadibloc <jsavard@ecn.ab.ca> writes:
I remember it being said that IBM didn't write that compiler itself, but instead they hired a firm that wrote compilers for computer manufacturers to do that; it was a firm whose ads I remember seeing in Computerworld, they mentioned that they used a stack-based technology for their compilers.

But I can't seem to find or remember the name...

John Savard


I remember Univ. of Chicago had some amount of the contract for Fort G ... but don't remember whether it was everything ... or just runtime libraries.

much later STL started subcontracting lots of compiler stuff out ... there was some uproar over lots of internal compiler optimization technology being given to some company.

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 09 Apr 2018 16:59:17 -0700
Dan Espen <dan1espen@gmail.com> writes:
At Bell Labs and it's descendants, we had the "dq" command. (Directory Query). The UNIX version had a nice phonetic search. You really only had to approximate the name you were looking for. You could get "dq" to return a full list of all employees. A few employees used this to build a tool that would track new hires and fires. You could get on a distribution list and get weekly updates on changes within the company.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#41 S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs

somewhat later there was some effort made to get a copy of phonetic search ... to add as option.

Late 70s, early 80s, I was blamed for online computer conferencing on the internetl network (folklore when corporate executive committee was told, 5of6 wanted to fire me).

One of the most "popular" was trip report I distributed after visiting Jim at Tandem (not long after he left Research) ... which kicked off what was called "Tandem memos" ... from IBMJARGON:
Tandem Memos - n. Something constructive but hard to control; a fresh of breath air (sic). That's another Tandem Memos. A phrase to worry middle management. It refers to the computer-based conference (widely distributed in 1981) in which many technical personnel expressed dissatisfaction with the tools available to them at that time, and also constructively criticized the way products were [are] developed. The memos are required reading for anyone with a serious interest in quality products. If you have not seen the memos, try reading the November 1981 Datamation summary.
... snip ...

... which resulted in lots of corporate attention and investigations. A series of investigations was to visit other research-like institutions ... later there was a claim that these visits were in response to "MIP Envy" that Jim at written as he left research (for tandem) ... old email reference
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#email801006
and
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#email801016

copy here as well as URL for slightly later version at m'osft (gone 404 but lives on at wayback machine)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007d.html#17 Jim Gray Is Missing
i.e.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007d.html#email800920

visits were done summer of '81 as computer conferencing came to head with corporate executive committee ... nearly year after Jim left (and MIP Envy). part of trip reports including Bell Labs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006n.html#56
summary of machines at some of locations visited
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001l.html#61
Part of Xerox trip report in this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006t.html#37
CMU visit
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007d.html#14

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 09 Apr 2018 17:14:37 -0700
hancock4 writes:
In my own career, I had one assignment to computerize a 'backwater' office. The good thing was that no one cared about this department and the project was under the radar--we could it as we pleased without bureaucrats interfering.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#41 S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#48 S/360 announce 4/7/1964, 54yrs

something similar for the original SQL/relational implementation, System/R; past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#systemr

official next generation DBMS was "EAGLE" ... and while company was preoccupied with "EAGLE" ... managed to do technology transfer "under the radar" to Endicott for SQL/DS. Later when "EAGLE" imploded, there was request about how fast could System/R be ported to MVS (eventually released as DB2, originally for business analytics only)

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Anatomy of Failure: Why America Loses Every War It Starts

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Anatomy of Failure: Why America Loses Every War It Starts
Date: 09 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#44 Anatomy of Failure: Why America Loses Every War It Starts

Anatomy of Failure, loc2501-4:
Russia was never going to become a Western-style democracy, for well-understood social, historical, cultural, political, and ideological reasons. At some stage, the sense of Russian insecurity, which predated the tsars, would be triggered by revulsion to and an endemic fear of being surrounded by enemies. Gorbachev, Yeltsin, and Putin have all raised these concerns and fears. In a sense of goodwill, perhaps, and with malice toward none, the Clinton administration probably sensed a permanency in relations with Russia, that they would remain sound and amicable.
... snip ...

"Is Harvard Responsible For Rise of Putin" ... after the fall of the soviet union, those sent over to teach capitalism were more intent on looting the country. John Helmer: Convicted Fraudster Jonathan Hay, Harvard's Man Who Wrecked Russia, Resurfaces in Ukraine
http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2015/02/convicted-fraudster-jonathan-hay-harvards-man-who-wrecked-russia-resurfaces-in-ukraine.html
If you are unfamiliar with this fiasco, which was also the true proximate cause of Larry Summers' ouster from Harvard, you must read an extraordinary expose, How Harvard Lost Russia, from Institutional Investor. I am told copies of this article were stuffed in every Harvard faculty member's inbox the day Summers got a vote of no confidence and resigned shortly thereafter.
... snip ...

How Harvard lost Russia; The best and brightest of America's premier university came to Moscow in the 1990s to teach Russians how to be capitalists. This is the inside story of how their efforts led to scandal and disgrace.
https://web.archive.org/web/20160325154522/http://www.institutionalinvestor.com:80/Article/1020662/How-Harvard-lost-Russia.html
Mostly, they hurt Russia and its hopes of establishing a lasting framework for a stable Western-style capitalism, as Summers himself acknowledged when he testified under oath in the U.S. lawsuit in Cambridge in 2002. "The project was of enormous value," said Summers, who by then had been installed as the president of Harvard. "Its cessation was damaging to Russian economic reform and to the U.S.-Russian relationship."
... snip ...

other trivia, I was brought into discussions about how to create 5,000 brick&mortar branch banks around Russia .... at about $1M each ... or $5B total (as part of creating democratic capitalist environment). However, before it got very far, the whole thing implodes because of the efforts by others to loot the country ... kleptocratic capitalism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleptocracy

some past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015b.html#1 do you blame Harvard for Puten
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015b.html#2 do you blame Harvard for Putin
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015b.html#5 Swiss Leaks lifts the veil on a secretive banking system
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015b.html#6 do you blame Harvard for Putin
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015b.html#8 Shoot Bank Of America Now---The Case For Super Glass-Steagall Is Overwhelming
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015f.html#30 Analysis: Root of Tattered US-Russia Ties Date Back Decades
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015f.html#44 No, the F-35 Can't Fight at Long Range, Either
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015h.html#70 Department of Defense Head Ashton Carter Enlists Silicon Valley to Transform the Military
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015h.html#91 Happy Dec-10 Day!!!
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015h.html#122 For those who like to regress to their youth? :-)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016.html#16 1970--protesters seize computer center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016.html#39 Shout out to Grace Hopper (State of the Union)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016.html#73 Shout out to Grace Hopper (State of the Union)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#31 Putin holds phone call with Obama, urges better defense cooperation in fight against ISIS
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#39 Failure as a Way of Life; The logic of lost wars and military-industrial boondoggles
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016c.html#7 Why was no one prosecuted for contributing to the financial crisis? New documents reveal why
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016c.html#69 Qbasic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016e.html#59 How Putin Weaponized Wikileaks to Influence the Election of an American President
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#105 How to Win the Cyberwar Against Russia
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016g.html#92 The Lessons of Henry Kissinger
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#38 "I used a real computer at home...and so will you" (Popular Science May 1967)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#62 "I used a real computer at home...and so will you" (Popular Science May 1967)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#7 Malicious Cyber Activity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#56 25th Anniversary Implementation of Nunn-Lugar Act
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#63 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#65 View of Russia
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#69 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#39 Disregard post (another screwup; absolutely nothing to do with computers whatsoever!)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#69 When Working From Home Doesn't Work
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#82 John Helmer: Lunatic Russia-Hating in Washington Is 70 Years Old. It Started with Joseph Alsop, George Kennan and the Washington Post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#35 Tech: we didn't mean for it to turn out like this
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#66 Innovation?, Government, Military, Commercial
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#14 Predicting the future in five years as seen from 1983
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#33 Olympics opening ceremony
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#60 Revealed - the capitalist network that runs the world

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

EMV: Why the US migration didn't happen sooner

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: EMV: Why the US migration didn't happen sooner
Date: 10 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
EMV: Why the US migration didn't happen sooner; There's a lot of criticism when it comes to the timing of EMV migration in the US, with detractors often calling the US 'backwards' and 'behind' the rest of the world
https://www.zdnet.com/article/emv-understanding-why-the-us-migration-didnt-happen-sooner/

past reference
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#73 EMV: Why the US migration didn't happen sooner

Original chips in europe were to enable offline transactions because the enormous telco costs (for online transactions) ... and providers were motivated to deploy chip stored-value products (because they got the float). In mid-90s, two things happened, 1) EU telco costs started to significantly drop and 2) EU central banks directed that providers had to start paying interest on stored-value (eliminating the float incentive) ... and there was big pullback. About the same time, a US provider started offering magstripe, online stored value (gift and merchant) cards. Turns out during their pilot they had a hardware glitch (which required resetting cards back to initial value) and we were brought in to audit the whole thing and help make sure it would never be repeated.

Chips then primarily becomes a security issue (started UK & EU deployment in 1997). Circa 2000, there was very large east-coast chip point-of-sale pilot in the US ... however it was during the yes card vulnerability period ... and they insisted on going through with the pilot ... even when we repeatedly explained the yes card vulnerability, to some extent they were myopically focused on lost/stolen, and couldn't process cloning threat. It wasn't until they actually deployed and had problems that there was pull-back, all evidence of the pilot evaporates and conjecture was that it would be a long time before tried in the US again (letting other jurisdictions worked out the problems).

It was covered in some detail in session at Cartes2002, trip report gone 404, but lives on at the wayback machine
https://web.archive.org/web/20030417083810/http://www.smartcard.co.uk/resources/articles/cartes2002.html

At the 2003 ATM integrity task-force conference, secret service presented the yes card problem in detail ... during which somebody in the audience commented that they had spent billions of dollars to prove that chips were less secure than magstripe.

yes card postings
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#yescards

M'soft had PC/SC for home use of chipcards ... and there was different issue why that "evaporated". One of the payment card brands started sending out cards with chips and providing "free" card readers for home use. However there was enormous customer support problems that happened with home use .... resulting in big pull back from home use (because of the enormous customer support costs) ... and rapidly spreading rumor in the industry that chipcards weren't practical in the consumer (home) market ... which also saw m'soft PC/SC disappearing.

Turns out that the brand had apparently gotten fire sale on obsolete serial-port cardreaders (USB was appearing, and a major justification was address all the serial port problems). My wife got meeting in redmond with kernel security, people that could be found from PC/SC and various financial industry reps ... to show that the customer support problems weren't with chipcards but serial port devices. However, it was concluded that the bad reputation of chipcards in the home market couldn't be reversed.

Note that in the mid-90s, at financial industry conferences, the consumer dial-up home banking operations were presenting that they were moving to internet ... in large part because of the enormous consumer support costs associated with serial-port dial-up modems (which be offloaded on ISPs). Institutional knowledge about enormous serial-port problems (with modems) had evaporated between mid-90s and 2000 (for serial-port cardreaders). dial-up banking posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#dialup-banking

disclaimer: I had done chip in the 2nd half of 90s that had none of the vulnerabilities with what the industry was shipping, including the yes card exploits (and also less than 1/10th the cost). Demos/booth at 1999 BAI (world-wide retail banking) conference ... some press in this archive posting
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#224
other ref
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#aads

they way the EU financial institutions had designed the chip ... it was very expensive and couldn't be justified once float justification was removed. chip makers tried to improve the justifications for the chip by adding more functions ... but adding functions was driving up the cost faster than it was improving the value.

I did two things, 1) concentrating on authentication and drastically reducing cost easily inverted things so value was much higher than cost and 2) figured out what was needed for institutions to trust chipcards that they didn't issue ... switching from institution-centric ... where you had a different card from each institution ... to person-centric ... where you could have a person card accepted by all institutions

Technical director (TD) for the director of information assurance directorate at the agency had assurance panel in the trusted computing track at IDF and had me give talk on chip... details gone 404, but lives on at wayback machine < ahref="https://web.archive.org/web/20011109072807/http://www.intel94.com/idf/spr2001/sessiondescription.asp?id=stp%2bs13">https://web.archive.org/web/20011109072807/http://www.intel94.com/idf/spr2001/sessiondescription.asp?id=stp%2bs13

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

We the Corporations: How American Businesses Won Their Civil Rights

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: We the Corporations: How American Businesses Won Their Civil Rights
Date: 10 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
We the Corporations: How American Businesses Won Their Civil Rights
https://www.amazon.com/We-Corporations-American-Businesses-Rights-ebook/dp/B01M64LRDJ/

loc45-50:
IN DECEMBER 1882, ROSCOE CONKLING, A FORMER SENATOR and close confidant of President Chester Arthur, appeared before the justices of the Supreme Court of the United States to argue that corporations like his client, the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, were entitled to equal rights under the Fourteenth Amendment. Although that provision of the Constitution said that no state shall "deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law" or "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws," Conkling insisted the amendment's drafters intended to cover business corporations too.
... snip ...

goes into some detail that Conkling argued that a journal detailing the work on 14th amendment showed that it was originally intended to also apply to corporations (in additional to people) ... however, later examinations of the journal showed no such thing ... pure fabrication on Conkling's part.

pg10/loc348-49:
Conditions were so bad that when the Virginia Company's first supply ships arrived in January of 1608, nine months after the initial landing, only 38 of the original 108 colonists had survived.
... snip ...

goes into some detail about redoing Jamestown charter and giving equal rights to everyone saved the settlement. however, "Why Nations Fail", original settlement, Jamestown ... English planning on emulating the Spanish model, enslave the local population to support the settlement. Unfortunately the North American natives weren't as cooperative and the settlement nearly starved. Then they switched to sending over some of the other populations from the British Isles essentially as slaves ... the Crown charters had them as "leet-man" pg27:
The clauses of the Fundamental Constitutions laid out a rigid social structure. At the bottom were the "leet-men," with clause 23 noting, "All the children of leet-men shall be leet-men, and so to all generations."
... snip ...

We the Corporations, pg36/loc726-28:
On this issue, Hamiltonians were corporationalists—proponents of corporate enterprise who advocated for expansive constitutional rights for business. Jeffersonians, meanwhile, were populists—opponents of corporate power who sought to limit corporate rights in the name of the people.

pg120|loc1975-78:
The railroad corporations were constitutional first movers who employed innovative tactics to secure new rights. They envisioned the lawsuits as a form of strategic litigation, or what their lawyers called "test cases," to determine whether corporations had the same rights as ordinary people to equal protection and due process under the Fourteenth Amendment.

pg123|loc2031-33:
According to the best estimates, the Central Pacific Railroad alone distributed to lawmakers and lobbyists $500,000 annually—equal to roughly $13 million today. As congressional leader James G. Blaine explained the political reality in postbellum America, "to make the wheels revolve we must have grease."
... snip ...

there is a lot more about railroads being major robber barons, 2nd half of 1800s,
http://phys.org/news/2012-01-railroad-hyperbole-echoes-dot-com-frenzy.html
Railroaded: The Transcontinentals and the Making of Modern America
https://www.amazon.com/Railroaded-Transcontinentals-Making-Modern-America-ebook/dp/B0051GST1U/

"Why Nations Fail"
https://www.amazon.com/Why-Nations-Fail-Origins-Prosperity-ebook/dp/B0058Z4NR8/

also describes patent law inclusion in the constitution was to promote innovation and protect individuals from corporations and businesses trying to preserve the status quo. Situation has almost been reversed today, where large corporations are primarily using patents to protect their status quo. Goes along with MBAs, The Price of Inequality
https://www.amazon.com/Price-Inequality-Divided-Society-Endangers-ebook/dp/B007MKCQ30/

pg35/loc1169-73:

In business school we teach students how to recognize, and create, barriers to competition -- including barriers to entry -- that help ensure that profits won't be eroded. Indeed, as we shall shortly see, some of the most important innovations in business in the last three decades have centered not on making the economy more efficient but on how better to ensure monopoly power or how better to circumvent government regulations intended to align social returns and private rewards

... snip ...

inequality posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#inequality

some past "Railroaded" posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012.html#57 The Myth of Work-Life Balance
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012.html#62 Railroaded
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012g.html#76 Monopoly/ Cartons of Punch Cards
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012i.html#1 Monopoly/ Cartons of Punch Cards
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014b.html#73 Royal Pardon For Turing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014m.html#37 Income Inequality
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014m.html#39 LEO
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015b.html#42 Future of support for telephone rotary dial ?

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

EMV: Why the US migration didn't happen sooner

Refed: **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: EMV: Why the US migration didn't happen sooner
Date: 10 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#51 EMV: Why the US migration didn't happen sooner

note Secret Service and FBI had turf war ... Secret Service responsible for money, gets responsibility if it can involve ATM (cash) machine.

UK had deployment were in 1997, and US deployment in 2001, however that was in yes card period. There was reference on yes card at Cartes 2002 ... UK trip report (with reference at bottom) ... gone 404, but lives on at wayback machine.
https://web.archive.org/web/20030417083810/http://www.smartcard.co.uk/resources/articles/cartes2002.html

in the wake of the yes card, all evidence of the US deployment evaporated and it was conjectured it would take until all the problems had been shaken out in other (smaller) jurisdiction before it was tried again (15yrs). Secret Service also gave detailed presentation at 2003 ATM Integrity Task Force meeting ... prompting somebody to observe that they managed to spend a billion dollars to prove that chipcards were less secure than magstripe. The issue was chipcards could be cloned as easily as magstripe with similar evesdropping/breaches.

Clone "Yes Cards" were programmed to always answer yes to 1) was correct PIN entered, 2) is this offline transaction, 3) is transaction within "open to buy" limit ... and therefor online (magstripe) countermeasure shutting down account, had no effect.

yes card posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#yescard

UK deployments were helped with effective move "burden of proof" to consumer when chipcards were involved (consumer has to prove they didn't do it). I was contacted by some UK legal representatives involving ATM fraud ... where the person claimed they didn't do it. The bank couldn't "find" the video surveillance and therefor the person had no easy way of proving that they didn't do it (Legal reps wanted help in challenging burden of proof with UK Ombudsman). In the US the institution would have to produce the video surveillance to prove the individual was responsible.

UK 1997 ref, gone 404 but lives on at wayback machine
https://web.archive.org/web/20061106193736/http://www-03.ibm.com/industries/financialservices/doc/content/solution/1026217103.html

a couple of the UK "burden of proof" articles

Victim of chip-and-pin fraud? It's all YOUR fault, insist the banks as they refuse payouts
http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/saving/article-2215223/Victim-chip-pin-fraud-Its-YOUR-fault-insist-banks.html
Now banks are trying to pin the blame for card fraud on you
https://www.theguardian.com/money/2012/may/04/banks-pin-card-fraud

other past posts mentioning "burden of proof":
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm6.htm#nonreput Sender and receiver non-repudiation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm6.htm#terror7 [FYI] Did Encryption Empower These Terrorists?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay10.htm#72 Invisible Ink, E-signatures slow to broadly catch on
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm17.htm#59 dual-use digital signature vulnerability
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm18.htm#0 dual-use digital signature vulnerability
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm18.htm#55 MD5 collision in X509 certificates
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm19.htm#33 Digital signatures have a big problem with meaning
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm20.htm#0 the limits of crypto and authentication
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm21.htm#35 [Clips] Banks Seek Better Online-Security Tools
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm23.htm#14 Shifting the Burden - legal tactics from the contracts world
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm23.htm#33 Chip-and-Pin terminals were replaced by "repairworkers"?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm26.htm#60 crypto component services - is there a market?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm26.htm#63 Public key encrypt-then-sign or sign-then-encrypt?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#38 The Trouble with Threat Modelling
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000.html#57 RealNames hacked. Firewall issues.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000g.html#34 does CA need the proof of acceptance of key binding ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#59 PKI/Digital signature doesn't work
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#62 PKI/Digital signature doesn't work
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#69 Digital signature
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004i.html#17 New Method for Authenticated Public Key Exchange without Digital Certificates
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005e.html#41 xml-security vs. native security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005m.html#6 Creating certs for others (without their private keys)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005m.html#11 Question about authentication protocols
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005o.html#26 How good is TEA, REALLY?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005o.html#42 Catch22. If you cannot legally be forced to sign a document etc - Tax Declaration etc etc etc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006d.html#32 When *not* to sign an e-mail message?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006e.html#8 Beginner's Pubkey Crypto Question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007h.html#28 sizeof() was: The Perfect Computer - 36 bits?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#23 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#67 open source voting
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009g.html#62 Solving password problems one at a time, Re: The password-reset paradox
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009i.html#52 Credit cards
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009n.html#71 Sophisticated cybercrooks cracking bank security efforts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009r.html#72 Why don't people use certificate-based access authentication?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#1 Korean bank Moves back to Mainframes (...no, not back)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#3 Korean bank Moves back to Mainframes (...no, not back)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#21 Credit card data security: Who's responsible?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#24 Cambridge researchers show Chip and PIN system vulnerable to fraud
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#47 Industry groups leap to Chip and PIN's defence
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010i.html#63 Wal-Mart to support smartcard payments
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010k.html#7 taking down the machine - z9 series
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010l.html#82 Five Theses on Security Protocols
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010m.html#77 towards https everywhere and strict transport security (was: Has there been a change in US banking regulations recently?)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011b.html#60 A Two Way Non-repudiation Contract Exchange Scheme
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012b.html#71 Password shortcomings
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012d.html#62 Gordon Gekko Says
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012j.html#35 The Conceptual ATM program
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013e.html#10 The Knowledge Economy Two Classes of Workers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013f.html#8 What Makes an Architecture Bizarre?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013g.html#38 regulation,bridges,streams
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013j.html#52 U.S. agents 'got lucky' pursuing accused Russia master hackers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013j.html#90 copyright protection/Doug Englebart
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013m.html#17 Steve B sees what investors think
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013m.html#20 Steve B sees what investors think
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013o.html#58 US a laggard in adopting more secure credit cards
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013o.html#60 Target Offers Free Credit Monitoring Following Security Breach
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014b.html#69 Why is the US a decade behind Europe on 'chip and pin' cards?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014h.html#67 Sale receipt--obligatory?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014k.html#43 LA Times commentary: roll out "smart" credit cards to deter fraud
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014l.html#39 LA Times commentary: roll out "smart" credit cards to deter fraud
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015d.html#65 Western Union envisioned internet functionality
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015f.html#6 Credit card fraud solution coming to America...finally
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015f.html#7 Credit card fraud solution coming to America...finally
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015f.html#17 Credit card fraud solution coming to America...finally
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#104 PC Compromise and Internet Transactions

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

We the Corporations: How American Businesses Won Their Civil Rights

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: We the Corporations: How American Businesses Won Their Civil Rights
Date: 12 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#xx We the Corporations: How American Businesses Won Their Civil Rights

pg157/loc2581-86:
Charles Wallace Collins, a lawyer who also served for a time as the law librarian for Congress and the Supreme Court, collected and analyzed every Fourteenth Amendment case decided by the justices in the nearly half-century since the provision's unorthodox ratification. The court, he found, had heard 604 Fourteenth Amendment cases between 1868 and 1912. A mere twenty-eight of those cases (less than 5 percent) involved African Americans, the group whose plight motivated the adoption of the amendment, and in nearly all of those cases the racial minorities lost. More than half of all the Fourteenth Amendment cases decided by the Supreme Court--312 in total--involved corporations, which succeeded in striking down numerous laws regulating business, including minimum wage laws, zoning laws, and child labor laws.

pg229/loc3667-68:
IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, CORPORATIONS WON LIBERTY RIGHTS, SUCH AS FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND RELIGION, WITH THE HELP OF ORGANIZATIONS LIKE THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.
... snip ...

This is book written how (national) chamber of commerce around the turn of this century became center of intensive congressional lobbying (including ignoring the illegal worker issue) ... and it got so bad that local chapters started divorcing themselves from the national organization. "The Influence Machine: The U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the Corporate Capture of American Life"
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00NDTUDHA/

some background, in the mid-90s, First Data and First Financial were in bidding war for take-over of Western Union and FDC drops out in part because WU wasn't doing that well financially. Then later, FDC and First Financial merge (and FDC has to spin off MoneyGram as part of the merger). After the turn of the century there was explosion in corporations bringing in illegal workers. This resulted in huge spike in WU being used for illegal workers sending paychecks home. This was so large that by 2005, WU revenue exploded to half of FDC's bottom line (5yr period). Possibly in part because the president of Mexico invited FDC executives to visit Mexico to be thrown in jail (for what WU was charging), FDC spins off WU.

more "We the Corporations", pg245/loc3881-87:
The notion that corporations should devote themselves to maximizing profits is often taken to be one of the bedrock principles of corporate law and governance. In the early history of corporations, however, business corporations were much different; as Blackstone wrote in his Commentaries, corporations could only be formed if they served public purposes. Today, in part because of the Dartmouth College case, that rule no longer applies, and modern business corporations are considered private entities that need not serve any explicitly public objective.
... snip ...

inequality posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#inequality

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Famous paper on security and source code from the '60s or '70s

Refed: **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Famous paper on security and source code from the '60s or '70s
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 17 Apr 2018 11:25:27 -0700
no source code, there is the 74 multics airforce paper
https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/conference-paper/1998/10/08/proceedings-of-the-21st-nissc-1998/documents/early-cs-papers/karg74.pdf

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Famous paper on security and source code from the '60s or '70s

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Famous paper on security and source code from the '60s or '70s
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 17 Apr 2018 11:31:48 -0700
Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
no source code, there is the 74 multics airforce paper
https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/conference-paper/1998/10/08/proceedings-of-the-21st-nissc-1998/documents/early-cs-papers/karg74.pdf


30 year later paper (at the time karger at watson and paper was at ibm also, but since gone 404) ...
https://www.acsac.org/2002/papers/classic-multics.pdf

past refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002l.html#42 Thirty Years Later: Lessons from the Multics Security Evaluation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002p.html#13 Multics on emulated systems?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004j.html#41 Vintage computers are better than modern crap !
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007f.html#25 The Perfect Computer - 36 bits?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#31 multics source is now open
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008r.html#18 Comprehensive security?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009g.html#19 Top 10 Cybersecurity Threats for 2009, will they cause creation of highly-secure Corporate-wide Intranets?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009n.html#38 Cybersecurity Today: The Wild, Wild West
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010j.html#61 Information on obscure text editors wanted
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010j.html#63 Information on obscure text editors wanted
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011b.html#15 History of copy on write
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012d.html#59 A computer metaphor for systems integration
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012g.html#5 What are the implication of the ongoing cyber attacks on critical infrastructure
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012j.html#97 Gordon Crovitz: Who Really Invented the Internet?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013.html#29 Java Security?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013c.html#75 Still not convinced about the superiority of mainframe security vs distributed?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013h.html#35 Some Things Never Die
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013i.html#11 EBCDIC and the P-Bit
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013m.html#38 Quote on Slashdot.org
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014f.html#10 It's all K&R's fault
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014f.html#11 Before the Internet: The golden age of online services
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014j.html#93 Demonstrating Moore's law

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

The IRS Really Needs Some New Computers

From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: The IRS Really Needs Some New Computers
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 17 Apr 2018 11:52:04 -0700
lists@AKPHS.COM (Phil Smith III) writes:
"Plans to replace the IMF with a twenty-first-century equivalent known as CADE (Customer Account Data Engine) have faltered. The transition is now well behind schedule. As a consequence, the likelihood of a catastrophic computer failure during tax season increases with every passing year. That may not pose quite the same danger as an errant missile, but the prospect of lost refund checks, unnecessary audits, and other errors suggests that the time has come to bring the IRS into the 21st century."

Because.of bitrot? C'mon. That graf is just stupid: ain't no catastrophic failure coming because they're running old, well-tested code. SMH.

Wow, lattice of coincidence: after I hit SEND but before this went, I got the following from a friend:

https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/17/irs-tax-payment-site-down-as-agency-works-to-resolve-issue.html

Insider news suggests catastrophic system failure.

Still not due to the software being old, though!


10-15yrs ago got brought in to look at some of it ... beltway bandits had contracts for modernization projects ... where they had bunch of newly minted graduates that went thru process classes on modern project management and modern programming. There was huge amount of mainframe assembler code that the beltway bandits never got to the point of understanding and the projects failed.

however, there was article a decade ago about (mostly) dataprocessing modernization projects where the beltway bandits had realized that they made more money off a series of failures ... not just IRS but many other gov. agencies
http://www.govexec.com/excellence/management-matters/2007/04/the-success-of-failure/24107/

part of it was beltway bandits and other gov. contractors were being bought up by private-equity companies and were under heavy pressure to cut corners every way possible as passing money up to their owners.
http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2007/10/barbarians-capitol-private-equity-public-enemy/
Lou Gerstner, former ceo of ibm, now heads the Carlyle Group, a Washington-based global private equity firm whose 2006 revenues of $87 billion were just a few billion below ibm's. Carlyle has boasted George H.W. Bush, George W. Bush, and former Secretary of State James Baker III on its employee roster.
... snip ...

includes buying beltway bandit that will employee Snowden ... intelligence 70% of budget and over half the people
http://www.investingdaily.com/17693/spies-like-us

part of it is illegal to use gov. contract money for lobbying congress, however private equity owners don't appear to be any such restrictions (so PE operations could buy up beltway bandits and boost revenue with lobbying).

success of failure posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#success.of.failuree
private equity posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#private.equity
former AMEX president posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#gerstner

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Prepare for the bankrupt government pension plans!

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Prepare for the bankrupt government pension plans!
Date: 17 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
Prepare for the bankrupt government pension plans!
https://fabiusmaximus.com/2018/04/17/bankruptcy-coming-for-government-pension-plans/

Oct2008 congressional hearings into the pivotal role that the rating agencies played in the economic mess, had testimony that the rating agencies were selling triple-A ratings on things that they knew weren't worth triple-A. This allowed loan/mortgage originators to no longer care about borrowers qualification or load quality (including doing no-documentation, liar loans) because they could securitize, pay for triple-A and unload into the bond market (including to operations restricted to only dealing in "safe" investments, like the large gov. pension funds, claims that as a result these pension funds took avg. of 30% hit). The triple-A ratings were major factor in them being able to do over $27T (trillion!) 2001-2008.

more trivia: from the law of unintended consequences ... spring 2008, some investors realized that rating agencies were selling triple-A (for things that weren't worth triple-A) and it might not be possible to trust any ratings ... freezing the muni-bond market. Then Warren Buffett steps in and starts offering insurance to unfreeze the market.

other trivia: there is constant, ongoing, non-stop saga how (California) CalPERS invest their funds.
https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/?s=calpers

economic mess posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#economic.mess
(triple-A rated) toxic CDOs posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#toxic.cdo

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

America's War for the Greater Middle East: A Military History

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: America's War for the Greater Middle East: A Military History
Date: 17 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
America's War for the Greater Middle East: A Military History
https://www.amazon.com/Americas-War-Greater-Middle-East-ebook/dp/B0174PRIY4/

loc109-12:
The history that follows, an account of U.S. military efforts to determine the fate and future of the Greater Middle East, is itself a preliminary walk around, or through, a comparably large subject. If nothing else, America's War for the Greater Middle East seeks to reveal how remarkably far we have to go to understand what those efforts have produced and what they have cost.
... snip ...

Last night rewatched first episode of Reilly, Ace of Spies on netflix
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reilly,_Ace_of_Spies

1901, he has stolen Russia oil surveys and brought them back England ... the Navy was really interested in the middle east oil.

The World Crisis, Vol. 1, Churchill explains the mess in middle east started before WW1, in 1910 with move from 13.5in to 15in guns (which requires moving from coal to oil), loc2012-14:
From the beginning there appeared a ship carrying ten 15-inch guns, and therefore at least 600 feet long with room inside her for engines which would drive her 21 knots and capacity to carry armour which on the armoured belt, the turrets and the conning tower would reach the thickness unprecedented in the British Service of 13 inches.

loc2087-89:
To build any large additional number of oil-burning ships meant basing our naval supremacy upon oil. But oil was not found in appreciable quantities in our islands. If we required it, we must carry it by sea in peace or war from distant countries.

loc2151-56:
This led to enormous expense and to tremendous opposition on the Naval Estimates. Yet it was absolutely impossible to turn back. We could only fight our way forward, and finally we found our way to the Anglo-Persian Oil agreement and contract, which for an initial investment of two millions of public money (subsequently increased to five millions) has not only secured to the Navy a very substantial proportion of its oil supply, but has led to the acquisition by the Government of a controlling share in oil properties and interests which are at present valued at scores of millions sterling, and also to very considerable economies, which are still continuing, in the purchase price of Admiralty oil.
... snip ...

Iran elected leader was going to review the Anglo-Persian contracts ... CIA Confirms Role in 1953 Iran Coup
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB435/
including
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kermit_Roosevelt,_Jr.
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat
and to help keep the shah in power, US (including Norman Schwarzkopf senior) trained
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAVAK
Savak Agent Describes How He Tortured Hundreds
https://www.nytimes.com/1979/06/18/archives/savak-agent-describes-how-he-tortured-hundreds-trial-is-in-a-mosque.html

CIA director Colby refuses to approve "Team B" analysis claiming huge Russian military capability, justifying huge US military spending increase.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_B
White House Chief of Staff Rumsfeld replaces Colby with somebody (Bush1) that will agree with "Team B" analysis. Rumsfeld then resigns to become SECDEF (and is replaced by his assistant Cheney). In the 80s, Bush1 is VP and Rumsfeld is involved in supporting Iraq.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Iraq_War
including WMDs (note picture of Rumsfeld with Saddam)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran-Iraq_war

In the early 90s, Bush1 is president and Cheney is SECDEF. Sat. photo recon analyst told white house that Saddam was marshaling forces to invade Kuwait. White house said that Saddam would do no such thing and proceeded to discredit the analyst. Later the analyst informed the white house that Saddam was marshaling forces to invade Saudi Arabia, now the white house has to choose between Saddam and the Saudis.
https://www.amazon.com/Long-Strange-Journey-Intelligence-ebook/dp/B004NNV5H2/

This century, Bush2 is president, Cheney is VP, Rumsfeld is SECDEF and one of the "Team B" members is deputy SECDEF (and major architect of Iraq policy).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz

Originally the invasion was justified on Iraq supporting Al Qaeda and it would only cost $50B (now heading for 100 times that). That was then changed to WMDs. last decade before invasion, cousin of white house chief of staff Card ... was dealing with the Iraqis at the UN and was given evidence that WMDs (tracing back to US in the Iran/Iraq war) had been decommissioned. the cousin shared it with Card, Powell and others ... then is locked up in military hospital, book was published in 2010 (before decommissioned WMDs were declassified)
https://www.amazon.com/EXTREME-PREJUDICE-Terrifying-Story-Patriot-ebook/dp/B004HYHBK2/

NY Times series from 2014, the decommission WMDs (tracing back to US from Iran/Iraq war), had been found early in the invasion, but the information was classified for a decade
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/10/14/world/middleeast/us-casualties-of-iraq-chemical-weapons.html

reference about supporting petro-dollars
https://www.irishexaminer.com/viewpoints/yourview/petro-dollar-at-heart-of-wars-374398.html
http://www.businessinsider.com/libya-all-about-oil-or-all-about-banking-2011-4
https://www.counterpunch.org/2015/02/03/the-sanctions-of-mass-destruction/
https://www.zerohedge.com/contributed/are-middle-east-wars-really-about-forcing-world-dollars-and-private-central-banking
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/MD14Ak02.html
http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/842:the-libyan-war-american-power-and-the-decline-of-the-petrodollar-system
https://www.globalresearch.ca/the-real-reason-russia-is-demonized-and-sanctioned-the-american-petrodollar/5402592

and/or wanted the oil
https://amityunderground.com/15-years-after-the-invasion-of-iraq-and-now-largely-out-of-the-glare-of-the-media-us-and-uk-oil-corporations-start-to-flaunt-the-spoils-of-imperial-conquest-bp-rumaila-oil-field-extraction-contract-jo/

WMD posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#wmds
Team-B posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#team.b
military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

11 crazy up-close photos of the F-22 Raptor stealth fighter jet soaring through the air

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: 11 crazy up-close photos of the F-22 Raptor stealth fighter jet soaring through the air
Date: 17 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
11 crazy up-close photos of the F-22 Raptor stealth fighter jet soaring through the air
http://www.businessinsider.com/f-22-raptor-fighter-jet-photos-2018-4
One could make a case for the F-35 being superior to the F-22, but they are ultimately different kinds of aircraft. The F-35 is more of a bomber and a reconnaissance jet, whereas the F-22 is a stealthier fighter and more maneuverable.
... snip ...

A Second Look - Aviation Week Debate on the F-35
http://rememberedsky.com/?p=1753
Airpower Analysis Phase II: F-35
http://rememberedsky.com/?p=1667

DoD watchdog: Air Force failed to effectively manage F-22 modernization
https://www.defensenews.com/air/2018/03/27/dod-watchdog-air-force-failed-to-effectively-manage-f-22-modernization-program/

For F-22, military-industrial complex spread development out into every congressional district ... trying to bring all the pieces together resulted in quality collapse.
http://nypost.com/2009/07/17/cant-fly-wont-die/

2016, 100th Boeing celebration produced publication ... one of the articles was that the merger with M/D nearly brought down the company and may yet still. They had claimed that doing standard MIC spreading pieces all over the world would drastically reduce costs and development time .... but it did the exact opposite.
https://issuu.com/pnwmarketplace/docs/i20160708144953115

May work for commodity parts where everything is already totally understood. Doing it for brand new innovation and then bringing them together runs into all sorts of gotchas ... whether it is hardware or software.

F-22 constant LO restoration
http://www.tyndall.af.mil/News/Features/Display/Article/669883/lo-how-the-f-22-gets-its-stealth/
more problems
http://aviationweek.com/air-combat-safety/us-air-force-tackles-repair-f-22-stealth-coating
and
http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/the-big-problem-americas-stealth-f-22-raptor-america-cant-19420

F35 was designed as cost reduced bomb truck assuming F22 was flying cover to handle threats. F35 primarily focused on stealth from the front downward angle (i.e. enemy ground radar that was bomb target). Comparison analysis of F35 with other planes
http://www.ausairpower.net/jsf.html
has analysis of F35 radar signature at different radar frequencies involving different angles and portions of the frame (lots to say about how cost reduced and compromised stealth compared to original design)
http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-2009-01.html

this is 2011 tutorial on radar (including military) but says it needs 3tflops for really advanced (like military track/target stealth, which was beyond 2011 processing)

2011 tutorial on DSP, FFT, Radar (part 3)
https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1278838
STAP (part 4)
https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1278878
SAR (part 5)
https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1278931

latest (2016) international IEEE Radar conference, Guangzhou, China, papers
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=8051143

There are claims that processing by latest generation of digital signal processing chips can reduce the number of transmit/receive pairs in APG-77/79/81/83 by nearly two orders magnitude w/o loss of capability

significant advances in digital power and processing spurred by autonomous vehicles, but also useful for military radar (2017 320 t-ops/sec, 100 times 2011 reference).
https://www.fastcompany.com/40479260/nvidia-debuts-a-new-supercomputer-to-power-robotic-taxis-and-delivery-trucks

related computer tech, much of the computers for supercomputers also used for radar, missile guidance, autonomous vehicles

America Just Can't Match China's Exploding Supercomputing Power
https://www.technologyreview.com/the-download/609468/america-just-cant-match-chinas-exploding-supercomputing-power/
TECH SUPERCOMPUTERS; China Now Has More Supercomputers Than Any Other Country
http://time.com/5022859/china-most-supercomputers-world/
America second? Yes, and China's lead is only growing
https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2017/05/21/america-second-yes-and-china-lead-only-growing/7G6szOUkTobxmuhgDtLD7M/story.html
China's Tsinghua University dethroned MIT (above) as the top engineering university in the world in 2015
https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2017/05/21/america-second-yes-and-china-lead-only-growing/7G6szOUkTobxmuhgDtLD7M/story.html

military-industrial complex and the perpetual war forces, perpetual war posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#perpetual.war
military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

China May Have Solved the One Thing That Was Poised to Stop Its Military Rise
http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/chinas-may-have-solved-the-one-thing-was-poised-stop-its-24149
Chinese engineering has become so advanced that German jet engines could soon get a major boost from China.
Officials in China have begun talks to sell sophisticated aerospace technology and manufacturing equipment to Germany for the production of high-performance jet engines.
... snip ...

Let's Face It--It's the Cyber Era and We're Cyber Dumb; Got to get educated before we can defeat Internet threats
https://medium.com/war-is-boring/30a00a8d29ad
Report: China gained U.S. weapons secrets using cyberespionage
http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/28/world/asia/china-cyberespionage/
Confidential report lists U.S. weapons system designs compromised by Chinese cyberspies
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/confidential-report-lists-us-weapons-system-designs-compromised-by-chinese-cyberspies/2013/05/27/a42c3e1c-c2dd-11e2-8c3b-0b5e9247e8ca_story.html
REPORT: Chinese Hackers Stole Plans For Dozens Of Critical US Weapons Systems
http://www.businessinsider.com/china-hacked-us-military-weapons-systems-2013-5
A list of the U.S. weapons designs and technologies compromised by hackers
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/a-list-of-the-us-weapons-designs-and-technologies-compromised-by-hackers/2013/05/27/a95b2b12-c483-11e2-9fe2-6ee52d0eb7c1_story.html

they have little or no penalty for the breaches ... and higher threat opponents motivates larger appropriations

posts mentioning data breach notification
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#data.breach.notification.notification

some recent cyberdumb posts:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#4 Cyberdumb
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#8 Cyberdumb
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#19 Does Cybercrime Really Cost $1 Trillion?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#20 DEC and The Americans
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#91 Computers anyone?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#95 Computers anyone?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#104 How to Win the Cyberwar Against Russia
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#0 Snowden
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#28 China's spies gain valuable US defense technology: report
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#67 "I used a real computer at home...and so will you" (Popular Science May 1967)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#15 China's claim it has 'quantum' radar may leave $17 billion F-35 naked
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#34 CBS News: WikiLeaks claims to release thousands of CIA documents of computer activity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#47 WikiLeaks CIA Dump: Washington's Data Security Is a Mess
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#50 A flaw in the design; The Internet's founders saw its promise but didn't foresee users attacking one another
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#73 More Cyberdumb
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#77 Time to sack the chief of computing in the NHS?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#78 This Afghan War Plan By The Guy Who Founded Blackwater Should Scare The Hell Out Of You
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#51 Russian Hackers Stole NSA Data on U.S. Cyber Defense
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#56 China's mega fortress in Djibouti could be model for its bases in Pakistan
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#44 Security Breach and Spilled Secrets Have Shaken the N.S.A. to Its Core
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#69 The Next New Military Specialty Should Be Software Developers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#86 Lawmakers to Military: Don't Buy Another 'Money Pit' Like F-35
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#112 How China Pushes the Limits on Military Technology Transfer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#26 DoD watchdog: Air Force failed to effectively manage F-22 modernization

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Famous paper on security and source code from the '60s or '70s

Refed: **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Famous paper on security and source code from the '60s or '70s
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Wed, 18 Apr 2018 09:58:53 -0700
MitchAlsup <MitchAlsup@aol.com> writes:
The Burroughs machines would only allow code generated from its compilers to run on its machines.

recent afc posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#55 Famous paper on security and source code from the '60s or '70s
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#56 Famous paper on security and source code from the '60s or '70s

mid-70s, the 801 group gave a talk on risc design (where we gave a talk on 16-way SMP 370). they talked about simplifying and/or eliminating all sorts of hardware features ... and the lack would be compensated by software. Virtual Memory was handled by inverted tables and sixteen segment registers (segment number value was in segment register). I raised the issue of needing lot more segment. They said that there was no hardware protection domain ... and inline (library) code could change segment register values as easily as code could change general register values. Protection would be accomplished by the compiler only generating correct code ... and the system would only load correct executable code from correct compiler.

later there was the (801/risc) ROMP chip with the PL.8 compiler and the CP.r operating system ... and was going to be used for the displaywriter follow-on. when that was canceled they decided to retarget the machine for the unix workstation market. However, running (C &) unix met that the hardware had to have traditional protection mechanism ... and then of course, the limited number of segments came back to bite. This was announced as PC/RT with AIX.

ROMP was 32 bit virtual addresses (with inverted tables), first four bits selected segment register that had 12bit segment number (for 28bit, 256mbyte segments) ... which they then talked about 40bit virtual address machine (12bit segment number plus 28bit segment displacement). Later for RIOS (RS/6000) they were still talking about 52bit virtual addressing, the segment value had been doubled from 12bit to 24bit (24bit segment number plus 28bit segment displacement) ... but the part of application software being able to do inline change of segment register values was not part of the unix protection/security.

801/risc, iliad, romp, rios, etc posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#801

there is the 74 multics paper
https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/conference-paper/1998/10/08/proceedings-of-the-21st-nissc-1998/documents/early-cs-papers/karg74.pdf
and the 30yrs later paper
https://www.acsac.org/2002/papers/classic-multics.pdf

I "liked" (found interesting) the part about no known cases of buffer overflow which has become epidemic in C-language software. past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#overflow

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

The IRS Really Needs Some New Computers

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: The IRS Really Needs Some New Computers
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 19 Apr 2018 11:02:29 -0700
sipples@SG.IBM.COM (Timothy Sipples) writes:
Then PARS -> ACP -> ACP/TPF -> TPF -> TPF/ESA -> z/TPF (IBM supported today). PARS definitely made it onto System/360, probably from 1965 with the first machines. However, there were at least three PARS customers that started on IBM 70xx machines: American, Delta, and PanAm. (Were there any others?) All three switched over to System/360 and successor machines fairly quickly.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#57 The IRS Really Needs Some New Computers

in the ACP/TPF timeframe, non-airlines, other res systems and financial were starting to use ACP ... prompting the change in name ... from airline control program to transaction processing facility.

this was also when 308x was introducted which was going to be multiprocessor only. the problem was that acp/tpf didn't have multiprocessor support ... and IBM was concerned that all the ACP/TPF customers would move to clone vendors which were still offering faster, newer single processor systems. Eventually 3083 was introduced, basically 3081 with one of the processors removed (one of the problems was that 2nd 3081 processor was in the middle of the box, just straight removal would have left the box dangerously top-heavy).

recent posts mentioning 3083:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#20 {wtf} Tymshare SuperBasic Source Code
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#84 The ICL 2900
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#94 GREAT presentation on the history of the mainframe
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#37 MVS vs HASP vs JES (was 2821)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#56 What is the most epic computer glitch you have ever seen?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#33 Bad History
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#39 IBM etc I/O channels?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#60 SABRE after the 7090
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#33 The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem
Date: 24 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem
http://www.businessinsider.com/f-35-flaw-f-22-hybrid-could-outclass-2018-4

I would like a modern F-22. One of the issues was F-22 old computers with something like 1.7M lines of code. F-35 has claimed feature/function involving 20M to 25M lines of code ... over ten times as much ... however, with over tens times the amount of software ... they also been having problems getting it working correctly. Manage

Boyd tells story about F-15 was going to be another F-111 ... with swing-wing. Boyd tells about the analysis showed the weight of the swing-wing pivot more than offset any benefits of the swing-wing ... and redid the F-15 design, cutting weight almost in half ... significantly improving F-15 performance. He then was responsible for YF16 and YF17 ... which becomes F16 and F18. Part of YF16 performance comes from introduction of unstable airframe ... requiring introduction of fly-by-wire ... effectively computers are flying F16 ... the pilot uses the stick to indicate their intention ... and the computer figures out what is needed to do in order to accomplish that intention (sort of variation on "mission command").

relaxed stability
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxed_stability
fly-by-wire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_by_wire
How the F-16 Became the World's First Fly-By-Wire Combat Aircraft
http://www.f-16.net/articles_article13.html

The weight/power ratio of YF16 (& unstable airframe) gives it much better flight performance than F-15 ... however none of that is true in the F-22 & F-35 comparison.

F-22 folklore was the stealth coating was subject to moisture and you couldn't take it out in the rain. New coating was developed for F-35 which was less subject ... but there was concern that the new coating retrofit to F-22 because it wouldn't stand the much higher F-22 top speed.

Between F-22 and F-35, computers and software got much faster and more capable (1.7Million Lines-Of-Code to 20M-25M LOC) software and use much less power, between F-35 and now the computers and software has had even larger improvement ... in part motivated by work on drone/autonomous vehicles. 2011 article on advanced radar for real-time tracking/targeting stealth aircraft indicates 3TFLOPS needed (which wasn't available), DEC2017 article on latest driverless, autonomous cars say they are using computers doing 300 trillion operations per second (100 times what the 2011 article said was needed).

From initial F-35 prototype, there was a lot of cost reduction compromise ... originally assuming it would be bomb truck with F-22 flying cover to handle high threat opponents. Comparison analysis of F35 with other planes
http://www.ausairpower.net/jsf.html

has analysis of F35 radar signature at different radar frequencies involving different angles and portions of the frame (lots to say about how cost reduced and compromised stealth compared to original design)
http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-2009-01.html

There are some stories that if you can use computers to network six F-35s together then you may able to match F-22 ... especially with stand-off operation and using latest advanced missiles to engage.

Boyd story about F16 was that the F15 forces tried to have him thrown in Leavenworth for the rest of his life for working on F16. Scenario was that F16 wasn't (initially) authorized and he was using tens of millions dollars worth of supercomputer time in F16 design analysis. That translates into "theft" of tens of millions in gov. property ... major fraud ... and all sort of investigations were sic'ed on him to find the proof. Boyd had anticipated their actions and they weren't able to find any record of his supercomputer use.

... and some auto industry analogy ... 70s, congress has foreign import quotas to reduce competition and greatly increase US profits that they would use to completely remake themselves. Early 80s, there is call for 100% unearned profit tax on US auto industry, they were just pocketed the enormously increased profits and continuing business as normal. 1990 the US industry had "C4 taskforce" to look at remaking themselves, and because they were planning on heavily leveraging technology, they asked for representatives from major technology companies. In the meetings they described the competition and what they needed to do. One of the major things was US industry was taking 7-8 yrs to turn out new product (from start of design to rolling off the line). They usually ran two offset efforts .... so there was something new every 3-4 yrs (with cosmetic changes in between). During the 80s, foreign competition had cut that in half to 3-4 years and in 1990, they were in process of cutting it in half again. As a result, competition to leverage new technology and react to changing customer preferences four times faster (real Boyd OODA-loop). However as can be seen by the auto industry bailouts, they still weren't able to change.

Their other issue was design tolerances were becoming increasingly tight ... and most internal part/supplier operations had been spun off so all parts and supplies were now independent companies. They used chevy corvette (tight design tolerances) as example, between initial design and start to assemble, parts from independent suppliers had changed and no longer fit original design ... so they stop and rework design further increasing cycle ... somewhat MIC equivalent of partialling pieces out into every congressional district and then having "quality collapse" when bringing them together.
http://nypost.com/2009/07/17/cant-fly-wont-die/
Pilots call high-maintenance aircraft "hangar queens." Well, the F-22's a hangar empress. After three expensive decades in development, the plane meets fewer than one-third of its specified requirements.

Anyway, an enemy wouldn't have to down a single F-22 to defeat it. Just strike the hi-tech maintenance sites, and it's game over. (In WWII, we didn't shoot down every Japanese Zero; we just sank their carriers.) The F-22 isn't going to operate off a dirt strip with a repair tent.

But this is all about lobbying, not about lobbing bombs. Cynically, Lockheed Martin distributed the F-22 workload to nearly every state, employing under-qualified sub-contractors to create local financial stakes in the program. Great politics -- but the result has been a quality collapse.

... snip ...

In any case, at 2011 USNI conference there was observation that F-22&F-35 had 30yr new generation cycle while drones had one month generation cycle (12 new generations a year).

military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex
auto C4 taskforce posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#auto.c4.taskforce
Boyd posts and URLs from around the web
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html

recent F-22 &/or F-35 posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#17 Important US technology companies sold to foreigners
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#86 Lawmakers to Military: Don't Buy Another 'Money Pit' Like F-35
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#117 F-35: Still No Finish Line in Sight
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#2 FY18 budget deal yields life-sustaining new wings for the A-10 Warthog
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#14 Air Force Risks Losing Third of F-35s If Upkeep Costs Aren't Cut
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#19 How China's New Stealth Fighter Could Soon Surpass the US F-22 Raptor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#21 How China's New Stealth Fighter Could Soon Surpass the US F-22 Raptor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#26 DoD watchdog: Air Force failed to effectively manage F-22 modernization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#60 11 crazy up-close photos of the F-22 Raptor stealth fighter jet soaring through the air

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Has Microsoft commuted suicide

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Has Microsoft commuted suicide ...
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 24 Apr 2018 11:23:47 -0700
hancock4 writes:
Microsoft and the hardware makers followed the auto industry model of planned obsolescence. My old PC physically works reasonably well, but the software is obsolete and difficult to use for many tasks since it is no longer compatible.

Note that IBM provided old system compatibility going back 40 years. Would it kill the PC industry to provide that?

As mentioned, they upgrade and upgrade but really don't improve anything.


1996 MSDC at Moscone some m'soft people offline were saying that up until then, customers were buying every new release because it would have new features they needed. However, crossover/tiping-point 1996 ... 99% of the people had 99% of the features they needed/used and no longer were motivated to move to every new release .... as a result they were going to have to go to the auto model every year (to maintain revenue growth) ... get latest bright and shiny because everybody else was (as well as old stuff broke and/or obsolete).

late 80s, really started the move of all the easy stuff off mainframe and by the early 90s, company had gone into the red. customers that were left had all the stuff that was really hard or impossible to move. mainframe hardware revenue is now a percent or two of bottom line (change over circa early 70s from rented to sold hardware), but mainframe division accounts for 25% (and 40% of bottom line) ... aka software & services (leased/rented, reoccurring revenue). IBM doesn't need a lot of investment to keep that stable market ... and since it is all the old stuff that proved impossible to move off old systems ... incompatibilities could have disastrous effects on all the stuff that already proved couldn't be (easily) redone.

Note, IBM somewhat backed into that position ... early 70s they had Future System that was going to completely replace and completely incompatible with the 360 stuff ... which eventually failed for lots of reasons.
http://www.jfsowa.com/computer/memo125.htm
past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

mainframe operating systems go out of service ("end of life") forcing upgrade to newer versions. newer versions drop support for older machines ... forcing buying new machine (unless wanting to drop all maintenance/service) ... changes that are only required by newer operating systems (but not required for customer software).

past posts that nearly all mainframe revenue is now software & services
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012l.html#47 I.B.M. Mainframe Evolves to Serve the Digital World
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012m.html#31 Still think the mainframe is
going away soon: Think again. IBM mainframe computer sales are 4% of IBM's revenue; with software, services, and storage it's 25%
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012m.html#43 Blades versus z was Re: Turn Off Another Light - Univ. of Tennessee
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012n.html#13 System/360--50 years--the future?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012n.html#25 System/360--50 years--the future?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012n.html#44 Under what circumstances would it be a mistake to migrate applications/workload off the mainframe?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013.html#9 Is Microsoft becoming folklore?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013.html#17 Still think the mainframe is
going away soon: Think again. IBM mainframe computer sales are 4% of IBM's revenue; with software, services, and storage it's 25%
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013b.html#5 mainframe "selling" points
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013b.html#15 A Private life?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013b.html#24 New HD
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013b.html#25 Still think the mainframe is going away soon: Think again. IBM mainframe computer sales are 4% of IBM's revenue; with software, services, and storage it's 25%
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013c.html#60 Why Intel can't retire X86
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013c.html#84 What Makes an Architecture Bizarre?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013e.html#4 Oracle To IBM: Your 'Customers Are Being Wildly Overcharged'
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013f.html#35 Reports: IBM may sell x86 server business to Lenovo
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013f.html#57 The cloud is killing traditional hardware and software
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013f.html#64 What Makes an Architecture Bizarre?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013f.html#70 How internet can evolve
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013g.html#7 SAS Deserting the MF?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013h.html#40 The Mainframe is "Alive and Kicking"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014f.html#80 IBM Sales Fall Again, Pressuring Rometty's Profit Goal
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014f.html#84 Is end of mainframe near ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014m.html#145 IBM Continues To Crumble
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014m.html#155 IBM Continues To Crumble
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014m.html#170 IBM Continues To Crumble
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015.html#30 Why on Earth Is IBM Still Making Mainframes?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015.html#85 a bit of hope? What was old is new again
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015g.html#19 Linux Foundation Launches Open Mainframe Project
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#52 MVS Posix
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016g.html#69 "I used a real computer at home...and so will you" (Popular Science May 1967)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#62 Big Shrink to "Hire" 25,000 in the US, as Layoffs Pile Up
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017b.html#23 IBM "Breakup"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#63 The ICL 2900
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#17 The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#11 The Mainframe vs. the Server Farm: A Comparison
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#86 IBM Train Wreck Continues Ahead of Earnings
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#61 computer component reliability, 1951
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#95 PDP-11 question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#73 When Working From Home Doesn't Work
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#4 upgrade
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#63 Major firms learning to adapt in fight against start-ups: IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#33 The Pentagon still uses computer software from 1958 to manage its contracts

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IRS - 60-Year-Old IT System Failed on Tax Day Due to New Hardware (nextgov.com)

From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: IRS - 60-Year-Old IT System Failed on Tax Day Due to New Hardware (nextgov.com)
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 24 Apr 2018 21:53:40 -0700
frank.swarbrick@OUTLOOK.COM (Frank Swarbrick) writes:
Here's a somewhat interesting document:
https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pia/imf_pia.pdf
"IMF is a batch driven application that uses VSAM files." Date of Approval: February 28, 2017 PIA ID Number: 2140 A ...<https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pia/imf_pia.pdf> Date of Approval: February 28, 2017 PIA ID Number: 2140 A. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 1. Enter the full name and acronym for the system, project, application and/or database. www.irs.gov


re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#57 The IRS Really Needs Some New Computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#62 The IRS Really Needs Some New Computers

trivia: around turn of century, I was co-author of financial industry x9.99 (privacy impact assessment, PIA) standard, along with somebody that had previously worked at treasury. current version
https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+X9.99%3A2009+(Identical+to+ISO+22307-2008)

Work included meetings with several different federal agency privacy officers ... including IRS. Also talked to the people behind HIPAA
https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/index.html

old reference to voting to approve NWI (new work item) for x9.99 (April 1999)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay3.htm#aadsnwi

reference to standard available (April 2004, 5yrs later)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm17.htm#45

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

off topic 1952 B-52 ad

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: off topic  1952  B-52 ad
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 24 Apr 2018 21:20:52 -0700
hancock4 writes:
Anyway, in looking over the above ad, it appears to be a pitch by a big defense contractor for more military spending, which of course would benefit the contractor.

In the 1950s, the government spent a ton of money for the Cold War, building tons of nuclear weapons*, defense radar networks, and aircraft and submarines. Extremely expensive. Kept the military draft going for years.

Was it all necessary? Very tough to say. I can certainly understand the mindset of the era--the U.S. was caught flatfooted after Pearl Harbor and didn't want to be in that position again, quite understandably. Further, the Soviets under Stalin and Kruschev were not exactly extending the olive branch and causing trouble worldwide.


remember the important thing about U2 program was that it debunked the USAF claims about "bomber gap" ... where they were trying to just 1/3rd increase in Pentagon budget ... contributing to Eisenhower's goodby warning about the Military-Industrial Complex.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomber_gap

Disproval of gap
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomber_gap#Disproval_of_gap
US President Dwight Eisenhower had always been skeptical of the gap. However, with no evidence to disprove it, he agreed to the development of the U-2 to find out for sure.[7]
... snip ...

WW2, LeMay was trying to justify 4engine, high altitude, strategic bomber program ... even claiming that it could win the war w/o even having to invade Europe ... 2/3rds total US WW2 spending went to planes and half that (1/3rd) went to strategic bombing (drift: 1943 US Strategic Bomber program needed industrial & military targets in Germany ... and it got the information from wallstreet). Even with Norden sights, they had difficulty hitting anything from 5-6 miles up ... possibly explaining McNamara on Lemay's staff planning switch to fire bombing German and Japanese cities (something was going to catch fire)

The European Campaign: Its Origins and Conduct
https://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/2011/pubs/the-european-campaign-its-origins-and-conduct/
loc2582-85:
The bomber preparation of Omaha Beach was a total failure, and German defenses on Omaha Beach were intact as American troops came ashore. At Utah Beach, the bombers were a little more effective because the IXth Bomber Command was using B-26 medium bombers. Wisely, in preparation for supporting the invasion, maintenance crews removed Norden bombsights from the bombers and installed the more effective low-level altitude sights.
... snip ...

more drift; Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam: Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife
https://www.amazon.com/Counterinsurgency-Lessons-Malaya-Vietnam-Learning-ebook/dp/B000QECG20/

loc1628-30:
The American army's involvement in the Second Indochina War from 1950 to 1972 demonstrates the triumph of the institutional culture of an organization over attempts at doctrinal innovation and the diminution of the effectiveness of the organization at accomplishing national objectives.

loc1631-33:
The concept that success in counterinsurgency consisted of separating the insurgents from popular support never took root. The U.S. Army proceeded with its historical role of destroying the enemy army-even if it had a hard time finding it. The United States Army entered the Vietnam War with a doctrine well suited to fighting conventional war in Europe, but worse than useless for the counterinsurgency it was about to combat.

loc1641-43:
The learning cycle was also ineffective in recognizing poor performance, suggesting doctrinal innovation, gaining organizational consensus behind new doctrine, and disseminating the changes throughout the army in Vietnam. Although there was substantial innovation from below, neither the personnel nor the organization of the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) and of its successor organization, Military Assistance Command-Vietnam (MACV), was conducive to counterinsurgency learning.

loc2818-20:
Many of these innovations were, if useless, at least not harmful to the achievement of American goals; the same can hardly be said for the use of strategic B-52 bombers in a tactical close air support role, which produced a vast number of civilian causalities and provided duds (5 percent of the bombs failed to explode) for booby traps that killed more than one thousand U.S. soldiers in 1966 alone
... snip ...

McNamara had left for the auto industry with the end of WW2 hostilities, but comes back for Vietnam as SECDEF where Laos becomes the most bombed country in the world (more tonnage than dropped on Germany and Japan combined).

Trivia, recent estimate of still large number of unexploded WW2 bombs
https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/apr/23/allied-bombs-still-threaten-hamburg-ww2
"As a rule of thumb, though, if German ordnance hit the ground, it exploded," says period munitions expert Stephen Taylor, "while Allied bombs were notoriously unreliable, with a failure rate generally estimated at 15% or even 20%, especially if they hit soft soil and had pistols rather than fuses."
... snip ...

military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

past posts mentioning "bomber gap":
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013d.html#80 What Makes an Architecture Bizarre?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013e.html#10 The Knowledge Economy Two Classes of Workers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013f.html#18 Air Superiority: Advantage over enemy skies for 60 years
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013g.html#54 What Makes collecting sales taxes Bizarre?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013h.html#41 Is newer technology always better? It almost is. Exceptions?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014b.html#52 US Army hopes to replace 25% of soldiers with robots by 2040
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014b.html#54 Royal Pardon For Turing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014h.html#22 $40 billion missile defense system proves unreliable
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015.html#13 LEO
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#70 God No, the U.S. Air Force Doesn't Need Another Curtis LeMay
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016.html#79 Shout out to Grace Hopper (State of the Union)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016c.html#80 Qbasic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016d.html#99 Trust in Government Is Collapsing Around the World
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016e.html#122 U.S. Defense Contractors Tell Investors Russian Threat Is Great for Business
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#47 British socialism / anti-trust
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#33 "I used a real computer at home...and so will you" (Popular Science May 1967)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#89 "I used a real computer at home...and so will you" (Popular Science May 1967)

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM's Chief Executive's Message to Shareholders 75 Years Ago

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM's Chief Executive's Message to Shareholders 75 Years Ago
Date: 25 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook (x-post from Linkedin)
IBM's Chief Executive's Message to Shareholders 75 Years Ago
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ibms-chief-executives-message-shareholders-75-years-ago-greulich/

IBM's majority owned subsidiary sold Hollerith equipment in Germany ... and the company was then seized by the gov. Various theories that gov. didn't really seize US owned companies, in part so that the previous US parents could be later sued
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_IBM#1939-1945:_World_War_II

lots of other stories about people dealing with Nazi's; Bush's grandfather representing Thyssen
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/sep/25/usa.secondworldwar

a little drift, my wife's father was command of engineering combat group and towards the end was frequently ranking officer in enemy territory getting a collection of officer daggers in surrenders (including at least one camp). found some of his status reports at National Archive:
On 28 Apr we were put in D/S of the 13th Armd and 80th Inf Divs and G/S Corps Opns. The night of the 28-29 April we cross the DANUBE River and the next day we set-up our OP in SCHLOSS PUCHHOF (vic PUCHOFF); an extensive structure remarkable for the depth of its carpets, the height of its rooms, the profusion of its game, the superiority of its plumbing and the fact that it had been owned by the original financial backer of the NAZIS, Fritz Thyssen. Herr Thyssen was not at home.

Forward from the DANUBE the enemy had been very active, and an intact bridge was never seen except by air reconnaissance. Maintenance of roads and bypasses went on and 29 April we began constructing 835' of M-2 Tdwy Br, plus a plank road approach over the ISAR River at PLATTLING. Construction was completed at 1900 on the 30th. For the month of April we had suffered no casualties of any kind and Die Gotterdamerung was falling, the last days of the once mighty WEHRMACHT.

... snip ...

... after end of hostilities, he refused further command in Germany (possibly because of the camps), even when promised promotion to general. possibly as punishment, he was posted to China in 1946 as military adviser (MAGIC) to Chiang Kia-shek ... and brought his family over in 1947 to live in Nanking.

However, major person helping rebuild Germany economy and military from the 20s through the early 40s was John Foster Dulles.
https://www.amazon.com/Brothers-Foster-Dulles-Allen-Secret-ebook/dp/B00BY5QX1K/

loc865-68:
In mid-1931 a consortium of American banks, eager to safeguard their investments in Germany, persuaded the German government to accept a loan of nearly $500 million to prevent default. Foster was their agent. His ties to the German government tightened after Hitler took power at the beginning of 1933 and appointed Foster's old friend Hjalmar Schacht as minister of economics.

loc905-7:
Foster was stunned by his brother's suggestion that Sullivan & Cromwell quit Germany. Many of his clients with interests there, including not just banks but corporations like Standard Oil and General Electric, wished Sullivan & Cromwell to remain active regardless of political conditions.

loc938-40:
At least one other senior partner at Sullivan & Cromwell, Eustace Seligman, was equally disturbed. In October 1939, six weeks after the Nazi invasion of Poland, he took the extraordinary step of sending Foster a formal memorandum disavowing what his old friend was saying about Nazism
... snip ...

June1940, Germany had a victory celebration at the NYC Waldorf-Astoria with major industrialists. Lots of them were there to hear how to do business with the Nazis (and circumvent the neutrality laws)
https://www.amazon.com/Man-Called-Intrepid-Incredible-Narrative-ebook/dp/B00V9QVE5O/

loc1925-29:
One prominent figure at the German victory celebration was Torkild Rieber, of Texaco, whose tankers eluded the British blockade. The company had already been warned, at Roosevelt's instigation, about violations of the Neutrality Law. But Rieber had set up an elaborate scheme for shipping oil and petroleum products through neutral ports in South America. With the Germans now preparing to turn the English Channel into what Churchill thought would become "a river of blood," other industrialists were eager to learn from Texaco how to do more business with Hitler.
... snip ...

Intrepid also points finger at Ambassador ("papa") Kennedy ... they start bugging the US embassy because classified information was leaking to the Germans. They eventually identified a clerk as responsible but couldn't prove ties to Kennedy. However Kennedy is claiming credit for Chamberland capitulating to Hitler on many issues ... also making speeches in Britain and the US that Britain could never win a war with Germany and if he was president, he would be on the best of terms with Hitler.

loc2645-52:
The Kennedys dined with the Roosevelts that evening. Two days later, Joseph P. Kennedy spoke on nationwide radio. A startled public learned he now believed "Franklin D. Roosevelt should be re-elected President." He told a press conference: "I never made anti-British statements or said, on or off the record, that I do not expect Britain to win the war." British historian Nicholas Bethell wrote: "How Roosevelt contrived the transformation is a mystery." And so it remained until the BSC Papers disclosed that the President had been supplied with enough evidence of Kennedy's disloyalty that the Ambassador, when shown it, saw discretion to be the better part of valor. "If Kennedy had been recalled sooner," said Stephenson later, "he would have campaigned against FDR with a fair chance of winning. We delayed him in London as best we could until he could do the least harm back in the States."
... snip ...

Later 5000 industrialists from across the US had conference (also) at NYC Waldorf-Astoria and in part because they had gotten such bad reputation for the depression and supporting Nazi Germany, they approved a major propaganda campaign to equate capitalism with Christianity, including in the early 50s it leads to adding "In God We Trust" on money and "under God" in the allegiance.
https://www.amazon.com/One-Nation-Under-God-Corporate-ebook/dp/B00PWX7R56/

from the law of unintended consequences, when the 1943 US Strategic Bombing program needed industrial and military targets and coordinates in Germany, they got the information from wallstreet.

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem
Date: 25 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#63 The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem

China May Have Solved the One Thing That Was Poised to Stop Its Military Rise
http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/chinas-may-have-solved-the-one-thing-was-poised-stop-its-24149
Chinese engineering has become so advanced that German jet engines could soon get a major boost from China.

Officials in China have begun talks to sell sophisticated aerospace technology and manufacturing equipment to Germany for the production of high-performance jet engines.

... snip ...

How China's New Stealth Fighter Could Soon Surpass the US F-22 Raptor
https://thediplomat.com/2018/03/how-chinas-new-stealth-fighter-could-soon-surpass-the-us-f-22-raptor
Chief Engineer of China's Alleged Stealth Fighter Vows New Capabilities For Aircraft; In an exclusive interview with Chinese state-run media, the J-20's chief engineer pledged new capabilities for the aircraft.
https://thediplomat.com/2018/03/chief-engineer-of-chinas-alleged-stealth-fighter-vows-new-capabilities-for-aircraft/
China's Fifth-Generation Stealth Fighter Is in Combat Service--But With Improved Fourth-Generation Engines
https://thediplomat.com/2018/02/chinas-fifth-generation-stealth-fighter-is-in-combat-service-but-with-improved-fourth-generation-engines/

originally, J-20 equipped with Russian AL-31 engines (note OODA-loop)

China's J20 Stealth Fighters currently lacks the engine power to count as a Fifth Generation Fighter
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2015/10/chinas-j20-stealth-fighters-currently.html
It took Lockheed Martin 16 years to put the F-22 Raptor into service after the aircraft's first flight in 1998. It spent another 15 years to have F-35 Lighting II ready for service. Russia will put its T-50 stealth fighter into service next year after its first flight in 2010. If China can get the J-20 ready for action by next year, it will set a record by achieving the feat in just five years.
... snip ...

J-20Bs with WS-15 Vector Engines ready installed by 2019
http://errymath.blogspot.com/2016/12/j-20bs-with-ws-15-vector-engines-ready.html

military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Has Microsoft commuted suicide

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Has Microsoft commuted suicide ...
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 27 Apr 2018 12:03:59 -0700
Peter Flass <peter_flass@yahoo.com> writes:
Interesting article on MarketWatch a day or so about Sears. Apparently Eddie Lampert, the guy who bought it thru his hedge fund was interested in maximizing "shareholder value" at the expense of everything else. There's no long-term in p%ssing off your employees and customers to milk a couple more dollars from it. The article writer said it might be heresy to Wall Street to suggest that this was a bad idea.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#64 Has Microsoft commuted suicide

private-equity LBO borrows 100% to buy the company ... and then puts the loan on the bought company's book ... then private-equity extracts money in lots of different ways ... under lots of different excuses ... and then can walk away from the remainder. sometimes they can IPO whats left ... extracting even more. over half corporate defaults are companies that have been through (or are in) the private-equity mill. what is somewhat surprising is all of these defaults never seem to affect the credit rating of the original private equity borrower.

no matter what happens, the private-equity companies walk away with boat loads of money. one of the analogies is 100% mortgages for house-flipping ... except the mortgages goes with the flipped houses (rather than paid off) ... they make money even if the flipped house is sold for less than they paid.
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/05/business/economy/05simmons.html?_r=0

again, it seems remarkable that it doesn't seem to ever touch the credt rating of the private-equity companies that take out the original loan.

last decade, they were heavily into buying up gov. contractors ... then putting heavy pressure on them to cut corners every way possible (so there was more money for the private equity owners). They other thing they appeared to leverage ... is gov. agencies aren't allowed to lobby congress ... and gov. contractors aren't allowed to use moeny from gov. contracts to leverage congress ... but there seems to be no restriction on the lobbying by private equity owners .... resulting in enormous increase in gov. outsourcing last decade.

in intelligence, 70% of funds and over half the people (including Snowden)
http://www.investingdaily.com/17693/spies-like-us

which also significantly accelerates the rapidly spreading success of failure culture ... aka make more money off series of failures
http://www.govexec.com/excellence/management-matters/2007/04/the-success-of-failure/24107/

note that the for-profit companies that got contracts for doing security clearances were found to be filling out the paper work but not actually doing background checks

computer related, AMEX was in competition with KKR for take-over of RJR and KKR wins, KKR runs into some trouble and hires away president of AMEX to help
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarians_at_the_Gate:_The_Fall_of_RJR_Nabisco
IBM has gone into the red and hires the former president of AMEX to help turn things around ... who uses some of the same techniques at RJR
https://web.archive.org/web/20181019074906/http://www.ibmemployee.com/RetirementHeist.shtml

then leaves for another private-equity company that will buy the beltway bandit that employs snowden
http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2007/10/barbarians-capitol-private-equity-public-enemy/
Lou Gerstner, former ceo of ibm, now heads the Carlyle Group, a Washington-based global private equity firm whose 2006 revenues of $87 billion were just a few billion below ibm's. Carlyle has boasted George H.W. Bush, George W. Bush, and former Secretary of State James Baker III on its employee roster
... snip ...

lots of politicians on the payroll to help with congressional lobbying on behalf of their gov. contractor subsidiaries.

private-equity posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#private.equity
success of failure posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#success.of.failuree
former AMEX president posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#gerstner
posts referencing pensions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#pensions

one of the other areas that private equity has moved in on is health care, buying up hospitals and medical/dentist practices.

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Quantity of machine code programmers and quantity of Assembly programmers

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Quantity of machine code programmers and quantity of Assembly programmers
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 28 Apr 2018 12:29:47 -0700
Jon Elson <elson@pico-systems.com> writes:
The 360 had register to register operations, indexed storage to register, and storage to storage. The indexed storage form had a base register which pointed to the beginning of your memory partition, an index register, and a 12-bit offset in the instruction field. This was VERY convenient for data structure operations (like the C construct struct). The base register made it possible to have fully relocatable object programs, but once a program began to execute, it would save physical addresses (subroutine return locations and pointers to data) and so could not be moved to a different place in memory.

and DOS/OS/360 executables had adcon convention that were swizzled to fixed address when loaded into memory. this created all sorts of problems when moving from real storage to segmented virtual memory. TSS/360 (360/67) addressed this problem so there wasn't fixed addresses somewhat randomly distributed thru executable i.e. resulted in changed pages that had to be paged out to new locations and no longer the same was the original executable image ... and also resulted in not being able to share same executable image in different virtual address spaces (at arbitrary different virtual address location).

I've complained periodically about the address constant convention when I added virtual page-mapped filesystem support to cp67/cms (and then migrated to vm370/cms). CMS had a bunch of native applications ... but also made heavy use of lots of os/360 applications (including the assemblers and compilers) with os/360 simulation ... that heavily used the adcon executable convention.

past posts complaining about the adcon problem
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#adcon
past posts mentioning doing CMS page-mapped filesystem implementation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#mmap

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

off topic All-electric homes

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: off topic  All-electric homes
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 28 Apr 2018 20:18:59 -0700
hancock4 writes:
In the 1960s, the electric power industry pushed for all-electric homes--where all appliances, including heat, would be electric.

1934 ... all electric homes
http://content.libraries.wsu.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/clipping/id/17133/rec/1

1935 ... electric kitchen ranges
http://content.libraries.wsu.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/clipping/id/17494/rec/38

1936 ... electric heat success
http://content.libraries.wsu.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/clipping/id/17263/rec/124

1938, .... may build chimneys because electric rate going up
http://content.libraries.wsu.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/clipping/id/3030/rec/119

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Indian Casino and HA/CMP

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Indian Casino and HA/CMP
Date: 28 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
Indian Casino and HA/CMP

this article showed up on facebook
https://washingtonmonthly.com/2018/04/24/trumps-direct-assault-on-native-american-tribal-sovereignty/#.WuSDHOxrl5R.facebook

brings old memories, very early 90s, last product we did before leaving IBM was HA/CMP
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_High_Availability_Cluster_Multiprocessing
and early adopter was indian reservation opening a casino in SE Connecticut. Was suppose to have 7days of testing running the casino before opening ... but after 24hrs they decided had enough testing and opened for business (in part because the enormous amount of money they would make every 24hrs). this says they are still largest (indian) casino
https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/travel/casinos-and-resorts/foxwoods-largest-indian-gaming-resort-north-america-celebrates-quarter-century/
After the passage of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) in 1988, Hayward secured financial backing and opened Foxwoods High-Stakes Bingo & Casino Resort in 1992. By 1998, when the tribe debuted the Grand Pequot Tower, the casino resort was generating more than $1 billion in revenue.
... snip ...

top ten this says currently #2 overall (still #1 Indian) had been #1 for a long time.
https://gamboool.com/top-ten-biggest-casinos-in-u-s-by-gaming-square-footage

some drift: Early 1979, I get conned into doing benchmarks on engineering 4341 (hadn't shipped yet) for national lab looking at getting 70 for compute farm (sort of leading edge of the coming cluster supercomputing tsunami). Then 1980, IBM STL lab con's me into doing channel extender, they were bursting at seams and moving 300 people from IMS group to offsite bldg. The people had tried "remote" 3270 but found human factors totally unacceptable ... with channel extender we could put local channel attached controllers at the offsite bldg, and get the same human factors they got inside the bldg. Hardware vendor then tries to get IBM to allow them to release my support to customers, but there were engineers in POK that were playing with some serial stuff and were afraid that if my support was released, it would be harder to get their stuff released. In 1988, I'm asked to help LLNL standardize some serial stuff they are working with quickly becomes Fibre Channel Standard, including some stuff I had done in 1980 for channel extender. Then in 1990, the POK people get their stuff release with ES/9000 as ESCON when it is already obsolete.

channel extender posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#channel.extender

more dirft: Conti retires in Oct1991 and several of his projects are audited (including supercomputer in kingston) and shortly later an internal conference is announced looking for supercomputer technology. We are working on commercial cluster scale-up with the RDBMS vendors and technical/scientific cluster scale-up with national labs. Reference to early Jan1992 meeting in Ellison's conference room
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13

old email during this period
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#medusa
earlier email about getting FSD concurrence
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#email911119
including this multi-vendor meeting at LLNL, I couldn't make the meeting so one of the other vendors stood in for me.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#email920129

within a few weeks of the Ellison meeting, cluster scale-up is transferred, announced as IBM supercomputer (for technical/scientific *ONLY*) and we are told we can't work on anything with more than four processors. Press 11Feb1992. (notice very similar to Ellison meeting)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters1
and 11May1992 national lab interest caught IBM by surprise
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters2

even more drift, some POK engineers become involved in FCS and define heavy-weight protocol that drastically reduces native I/O throughput which is eventually released as FICON. Most recent published FICON numbers is peak I/O throughput on z196 getting 2M IOPS using 104 FICON (running over 104 fibre channel standard). About same time a (native) FCS was announced for E5-2600 blades claiming over million IOPS (two such native FCS with higher throughput than 104 FICON running over FCS).

ficon posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#ficon

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Army researchers find the best cyber teams are antisocial cyber teams

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Army researchers find the best cyber teams are antisocial cyber teams
Date: 28 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
Army researchers find the best cyber teams are antisocial cyber teams High-performing blue teams are "purposive social systems"--they shut up and work.
https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2018/04/army-researchers-find-the-best-cyber-teams-are-antisocial-cyber-teams/

More likely introverts/INTx, probably creative and innovative ... something most education systems don't like ... things that system tries to bully and beat out of them. A book was written on the subject about former co-worker at science center in Cambridge. "It's cool to be clever"
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/cool-to-be-clever-edson-hendricks/id483020515?mt=8
https://www.amazon.com/Its-Cool-Be-Clever-Hendricks/dp/1897435630/
It's Cool to be Clever: the true story of Edson C. Hendricks, the genius who invented the design for the Internet. Bullied as a child, Edson Hendricks went on to create the forerunner to the Internet. IT'S COOL TO BE CLEVER tells the true story of an inquisitive schoolboy in the 1950s who is bullied because he is so smart. He finds comfort in an imaginary world where he has machine parts, and no biological organs or emotions. Years later, Edson's strange capacity to "think like a machine" helps him create a way for computers to communicate. His "connectionless" network design is used in today's Internet.
... snip ...

also
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edson_Hendricks

I was blamed for online computer conferencing (precursor to social media) on the internal network (larger than arpanet/internet from just about the beginning until sometime mid-80s) in the late 70s and early 80s. Folklore is that when the corporate executive committee was told about online computer conferencing (and the internal network), 5of6 wanted to fire me. Part of the result was researcher was paid to study how I communicate, sat in the back of my office for 9months taking notes on face-to-face, telephone, went with me to meetings. They also got copies of all my incoming and outgoing email and lots of instant messages. The result was a used for research papers, papers, books, and Stanford Phd (joint language and computer AI). The researcher had previously had career as ESL (english as 2nd language) teacher. One of their observations was that I have all the characteristics of non-native English speaker (English isn't my native language) ... except I have no other natural language.

As undergraduate I took 2hr intro to computers, a year later the univ. hired me fulltime to be responsible for their production mainframe systems. I rewrote a lot of IBM software which IBM shipped in their products ... including to gov. agencies ... which I didn't learn about until much later. Old ref gone 404, but lives on at wayback machine.
https://web.archive.org/web/20090117083033/http://www.nsa.gov/research/selinux/list-archive/0409/8362.shtml

Also in the early 80s, I had project I called HSDT and we were working with the NSF director and was suppose to get $20M to interconnect the NSF supercomputer centers. Then congress cuts the budget, some other things happen and finally NSF releases RFP (in part based on what we already had running). Internal politics prevent us from bidding. The NSF director tries to help, writing the company a letter 3Apr1986, NSF Director to IBM Chief Scientist and IBM Senior VP and director of Research, copying IBM CEO), with support from other agencies, but that just makes the internal politics worse (as does comments that what we already had running was at least 5yrs ahead of all RFP responses). As regional networks connect into the centers, it becomes the NSFNET backbone (precursor to modern internet)
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/401444/grid-computing/

NSF related email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#nsfnet
NSF posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#nsfnet
HSDT posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt
online computer communication posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#cmc
internal network posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem
Date: 29 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#63 The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#68 The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem

The Strange Saga of the World's Most Expensive Weapon
https://www.playboy.com/read/the-strange-saga-of-the-world-s-most-expensive-weapon-1
"We're essentially putting almost all of our aviation eggs into one basket," Dan Grazier, a fellow at the Strauss Military Reform Project, tells Playboy. "The F-35 is designed to replace the F-16 and the A-10, and to a certain extent, the F-15. So basically all the small combat aircraft that aren't bombers are going to be replaced by this very flawed system."
...
"They have spread out the subcontracts for the F-35 all over the country, so it's built in 46 different states, probably 350 congressional districts," explains Grazier. "It's virtually impossible really to get an adequate number of votes in Congress to kill something like the F-35 because, from the beginning, the creators of the program designed it to be that way."
... snip ...

military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

America's War for the Greater Middle East: A Military History

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: America's War for the Greater Middle East: A Military History
Date: 29 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#59 America's War for the Greater Middle East: A Military History

loc5012-17:
Financial costs skyrocketed. By the end of 2004, U.S. war-related expenditures in Iraq were approaching $7 billion per month. In contrast to the Second Gulf War, America's allies did not volunteer to pony up their share. Although President Bush had inherited a budget surplus, the ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan combined to generate huge deficits. In 2004, the federal government spent $412 billion more than it took in. Worse was to come. By the time Bush left office in 2009, annual deficits had breached the trillion-dollar mark.
... snip ...

In 2002, republican congress lets fiscal responsibility act lapse (spending can't exceed revenue, completely different congress than passed the fiscal responsibility act) on its way to eliminating all federal debt. 2005, US Comptroller General was including in speeches that nobody in congress was capable of middle school arithmetic (for how badly they were savaging the budget). 2010, CBO report that 2003-2009, congress cuts taxes by $6T and increased spending by $6T for $12T gap compared to the fiscal responsible budget (first time taxes cut to not pay for two wars). Last administration, mostly republican house didn't restore taxes. Somewhat confluence of multiple interests at least 1) Federal Reserve and wallstreet wanted huge federal debt, 2) wallstreet and special interests wanted huge tax cut, 3) military-industrial complex wanted huge spending increase.

fiscal responsibility act posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#fiscal.responsibility.act
too big to fail (too big to prosecute, too big to jail) posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#too-big-to-fail
military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

note that VP (and former director of CIA) repeatedly claiming no knowledge of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Contra_affair
because he was fulltime administration point person deregulating financial industry ... creating S&L crisis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_and_loan_crisis
along with other members of his family
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_and_loan_crisis#Silverado_Savings_and_Loan
and another
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE0D81E3BF937A25753C1A966958260

S&L crisis posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#s&l.crisis

last decade, another family member presides over the economic mess, 70 times larger than the S&L crisis (which had 1000 criminal convictions with jailtime), proportionally there should have been 70,000 criminal convictions (with jailtimes), so far nobody has even been charged. Oct2008 congressional hearings was that rating agencies were selling triple-A rated, even when they knew they weren't worth triple-A largely enabling being able to sell over $27T in triple-A (toxic) CDOs (securitized loans/mortgages) into the bond market, including to funds restricted to only dealing in safe investment including large pension funds (claims lost 1/3rd of value).

economic mess posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#economic.mess

and, loc6674-77:
In 1948, George Kennan, State Department director of policy planning, noted that the United States then possessed "about 50% of the world's wealth but only 6.3% of its population." The challenge facing U.S. policymakers, he believed, was "to devise a pattern of relationships which will permit us to maintain this position of disparity without positive detriment to our national security."
... snip ...

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Why the F-35 Isn't Good Enough for Japan

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Why the F-35 Isn't Good Enough for Japan
Date: 29 Apr 2018
Blog: Facebook
Why the F-35 Isn't Good Enough for Japan
https://thediplomat.com/2018/04/why-the-f-35-isnt-good-enough-for-japan/
While the F-35 retains some radar evading capabilities, its radar cross section is over ten times greater than that of the F-22 making it far less survivable -- leading some analysts to term it a "pseudo stealthy" fighter. The F-35 has less than half the range of the larger F-22 and lacks the Raptor's advanced long ranged air-to-air missiles, which for an archipelago nation separated from its potential adversaries by vast seas are major shortcomings. As a single engine light platform with a small arsenal of just four air-to-air missiles, restricted to a below average speed of Mach 1.6 and a very low altitude relative to the Raptor, the F-15J, and elite twin engine Chinese fighters, the F-35 hardly presents an adequate solution to counter China's growing fleet of J-11 fighters -- let alone more advanced platforms more recently deployed by Beijing such as the Su-35 or J-20. Indeed, it was never designed for such an air superiority role.
... snip ...

military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#11 This is the plane that almost beat out the legendary F-16
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#48 1963 Timesharing: A Solution to Computer Bottlenecks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#69 The Next New Military Specialty Should Be Software Developers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#17 Important US technology companies sold to foreigners
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#39 Why China's New Supercomputer Is Only Technically the World's Fastest
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#86 Lawmakers to Military: Don't Buy Another 'Money Pit' Like F-35
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#95 The Return Of Haim Bodek - HFT's First Whistleblower
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#114 Chevron's lawyer, speaking for major oil companies, says climate change is real and it's your fault
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#117 F-35: Still No Finish Line in Sight
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#2 FY18 budget deal yields life-sustaining new wings for the A-10 Warthog
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#14 Air Force Risks Losing Third of F-35s If Upkeep Costs Aren't Cut
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#19 How China's New Stealth Fighter Could Soon Surpass the US F-22 Raptor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#26 DoD watchdog: Air Force failed to effectively manage F-22 modernization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#50 Anatomy of Failure: Why America Loses Every War It Starts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#60 11 crazy up-close photos of the F-22 Raptor stealth fighter jet soaring through the air
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#63 The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#68 The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#74 The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

z/VM Live Guest Relocation

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From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: z/VM Live Guest Relocation
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 29 Apr 2018 22:25:28 -0700
dcrayford@GMAIL.COM (David Crayford) writes:
PowerVM had live migration in 2007 [1]. VMware released VMotion in 2003 [2] so I guest the trailblazer was VMware.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_Partition_Mobility [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware


the internal world-wide sales&marketing (vm/370 based) HONE system had multi-system single-sysetm image, load-balancing and fall-over by 1978 ... largest was the US HONE had consolidated datacenters in Palo Alto in the mid-70s (trivia: when FACEBOOK moved into silicon valley, it was into a new bldg built next to the old HONE datacenter). The US HONE datacenter was then replicated in Dallas ... with load-balancing and fall-over between the two complexes ... and finally a third replicated in Boulder. They never got around to doing live migration (POK was constantly putting heavy pressure on HONE to migrate to MVS ... by 1980 they were constantly forced to dump huge amount of resources into repeated failed MVS migrations).

However, earlier in the 70s ... the commercial virtual machine CP67 service bureau spin-offs from the science center ... besides doing multi-machine single system image (load-balancing & fall-over) ... had also implemented live migration ... originally to provide 7x24 non-stop operation ... initially for when machine systems and/or hardware was being taken down for IBM service and maintenance.

Part of the enormous pressure that POK was putting on HONE ... after Future System failed and there was mad rush to get products back into 370 pipeline, POK manage to convince corporate to to kill the vm370 product, shutdown the VM370 development group, and move all the people to POK (or supposedly they would miss the MVS/XA customer ship date some 7-8yrs later). Eventually Endicott did manage to save the VM370 product mission, but had to reconstitute a development group from scratch ... some of the resulting code quality issues shows up in the VMSHARE archives
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/

so it is 40 years since HONE had (virtual machine) single-system image and load-balancing/fall-over capability within datacenter and also across datacenters ... but something like 45 years since the commercial virtual machine service bureaus had live migration (around 30yrs before VMware) ... but would never see such features from IBM because of the enormous political pressure MVS group exerted.

trivia: the last product that my wife and I did before leaving IBM in '92 was RS/6000 HA/CMP
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_High_Availability_Cluster_Multiprocessing

While out marketing, I had coined terms disaster survivability and geographic survivability ... and was asked to write a section for the corporate continuous availability strategy document ... but then the section got pulled because both rochester (as/400) and POK (mvs) complained that they couldn't meet the goals.

past posts mentioning HONE
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone
past posts mentioning HA/CMP
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp
past posts mentioning continuous availability
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#available

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

z/VM Live Guest Relocation

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: z/VM Live Guest Relocation
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 30 Apr 2018 09:32:48 -0700
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#77 z/VM Live Guest Relocation

Other CP/67 7x24 trivia. Initially moving to 7x24 was some amount of chicken & egg. This was back in the days when machines were rented that IBM charged based on the system "meter" ... that ran when ever the cpu and/or any channels were operating ... and datacenters recovered their costs with "use" charges. Initially there was little offshift use but in order to encourage offshift use, the system had to be available at all times. To minimize their offshift costs ... there was a lot of CP/67 work down to oeprate "dark room" w/o operator present ... and to have special CCWs that allowed the channel to stop when nothing was going on ... but startup immediately when there was incoming characters (allowing system be up and available but the system meter would stop when idle).

Note that for system meter to actually come to stop, cpu(s) and all channels had to be completely idle for at least 400milliseconds. trivia: long after business had moved from rent to purchase, MVS still had a timer task that woke up every 400milliseconds making sure that if system was IPL'ed, the system meter never stopped.

with regard to MVS killing VM370 product (with excuse they needed the people to work on MVS/XA) ... the VM370 development group was out in the old IBM SBC (service bureau corporation) in Burlington Mall (mass, after outgrowing 3rd, 545tech sq space in cambridge). The shutdown/move plan was to not notify the people until just before the move ... in order to minimize the number that would escape. However the information leaked early ... and a lot managed to escape to DEC (joke was major contributer to the new DEC VAX/VMS system development was the head of POK). There was then a witch hunt to find out the source of the leak ... fortunately for me, nobody gave up the leaker.

past posts mentioning Future System product ... its demise (and some mention of POK getting the VM370 product killed)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

not long after that, I transferred from science center out to IBM San Jose Research ... which was not long after US HONE datacenter consolidation up in Palo Alto. One of my hobbies from time I originally joined IBM was enhanced production operating systems for internal datacenters ... and HONE was a long time customer from just about their inception (and when started clones in other parts of the world, I would get asked to go along for the install). I have some old email from HONE about the head of POK telling them that they had to move to MVS because VM370 would no longer be supported on high-end POK processors (just low-end and mid-range 370s from Endicott) ... and then later having to retract the statements. past posts mentioning HONE
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone
some old HONE related email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#hone

in previous post I had mentioned VMSHARE ... TYMSHARE started offering its CMS-based online computer conferencing, free to SHARE starting in August1976. I cut a deal with TYMSHARE to get monthly distribution tape of all VMSHARE (and later PCSHARE) files for putting up on internal IBM systems (also available over the internal network) ... including HONE. The biggest problem I had was from the lawyers that were afraid IBMers would be contaminated by customer information. some old email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#vmshare

another run in with the MVS group ... was that I was allowed to wander around the San Jose area ... eventually getting to play disk engineer, DBMS developer, HONE development, visit lots of customers, make presentations at customer user group meetings, etc.

bldg. 14 disk engineer lab and bldg. 15 disk product test lab had "test cells" with stand-alone, mainframe test time, prescheduled around the clock. They had once tried to run testing under MVS (for some concurrent testing), but MVS had 15min MTBF in that environment (requiring manual re-ipl). I offered to rewrite input/output supervisor to be bullet proof and never fail ... allowing for anytime, on-demand concurrent testing greatly improving productivity. I then wrote up an internal research report on all the work and happened to mention the MVS 15min MTBF ... which brought down the wrath of the MVS organization on my head. It was strongly implied that they attempted to separate me from the company and when they couldn't they would make things unpleasant in other ways.

past posts getting to play disk engineer in bldgs. 14&15
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#disk

part of what I had to deal with was new 3380 ... another MVS story ... FE had developed regression test of 57 3380 errors that they would typically expect in customer shops. Not long before 3380 customer ship, MVS was failing (requiring reipl) in all 57 cases ... and in 2/3rds of the cases there wasn't any indication of what caused the failure. old email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#email801015

While at SJR, I was also involved in the original SQL/relational implementation, System/R. System/R was done on modified VM370 running on 370/145. The official next generation DBMS was EAGLE ... and while the corporation was preoccupied with EAGLE, we managed to do tech transfer "under the radar" to Endicott and get it released as SQL/DS. Then when EAGLE imploded, there was a request about how fast it would take to port System/R to MVS. This was eventually released as DB2 (originally for decision support only, note IMS was sort of database1 and EAGLE would have been database2 ... but System/R becomes it replacement). past posts mentioning System/R
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#systemr

previous posts mentioned last product we did at IBM was HA/CMP, past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp
We were also doing commercial cluster scale-up with RDBMS vendors and scientific/technical cluster scale-up with national labs. reference to Jan1992 meeting in Ellison's conference room on commercial cluster scale-up
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13

within a few weeks of the Ellison meeting, cluster scale-up was transferred to IBM Kingston, announced as IBM supercomputer, and we were told that we couldn't work on anything with more than four processors. Likely contributing factor was that the (mainframe) DB2 group had been complaining that if we were allowed to go ahead, it would be at least five years ahead of them. A few months later we depart the company. some old email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#medusa
17Feb1992 press, for scientific/technical "ONLY"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters1
11May1992 press, surprised by national lab intersest
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters2

trivia: later two of the Oracle people (mentioned in the Ellison meeting) have also left Oracle and are at a small client/server startup responsible for something called the "commerce server". We are brought in as consultants because they want to do payment transactions on their server, the startup had also invented this technology they called "SSL" they want to use ... the result is now frequently called "electronic commerce".

note in this time-frame, IBM had gone into the red and was being reorganized into the 13 "baby-blues" in preparation for breaking up the company ... reference behind paywall, but lives (mostly) free at wayback machine
https://web.archive.org/web/20101120231857/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,977353,00.html

although we had left the company, we get a call from the bowels of Armonk asking if we can help with the breakup. Business units were using MOUs to leverage supplied contracts that were frequently with other divisions. With the breakup, these would be in other corporations and the MOUs would have to be cataloged and turned into their own contracts. before we get started, a new CEO is brought in and reverses the breakup.

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

z/VM Live Guest Relocation

From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: z/VM Live Guest Relocation
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 30 Apr 2018 10:48:25 -0700
dcrayford@GMAIL.COM (David Crayford) writes:
Great story. You should add some content to the Wikipedia page
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_migration.


re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#77 z/VM Live Guest Relocation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#78 z/VM Live Guest Relocation

need to get people from the two virtual machine based commercial online service bureaus (spin-offs from the science center) One was done by co-op student that worked for me on cp67 at the science center ... and then went to service bureau when he graduated (trivia: a couple years earlier, the same service bureau tried to hire me when I was an undergraduate, but when I graduated, I went to the science center instead).

past posts mentioning science center, 4th flr, 545 tech sq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech

trivia: HONE had availability issues 1st shift was with all branch office people using the systems ... but wasn't concerned about 7x24 offshift service .... so they didn't have to worry about "live guest relocation" as work around to standard mainframe downtime for service and maintenance (evenings and weekends). posts mentioning HONE
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone

other trivia: my wife had been in the gburg JES group and was part of the ASP "catcher" team turning ASP into JES3. She was then con'ed into going to POK to be in charge of loosely-coupled architecture (mainframe for cluster). While there she did Peer-Coupled Shared Data architecture ... past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#shareddata

she didn't remain long ... in part because of 1) little uptake (except for IMS hot-standby until much later sysplex & parallel sysplex) and 2) constant battles with the communication group trying to force her into using SNA/VTAM for loosely-coupled operation.

much later we do high availability rs/6000 HA/CMP (cluster, loosely-coupled) product ... but we still have lots of battles with the communication group and other mainframe groups.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

z/VM Live Guest Relocation

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **
From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: z/VM Live Guest Relocation
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 1 May 2018 17:49:21 -0700
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#77 z/VM Live Guest Relocation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#78 z/VM Live Guest Relocation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#79 z/VM Live Guest Relocation

note that US consolidated HONE (branch office sales&marketing support) systems running SSI in Palo Alto had eight 2-processor POK machines ... "AP", only one with channels ... so had channel connectivity for eight systems with twice the processing power. HONE apps were heavily APL applications so they needed max. processing power ... with relatively heavy I/O. Problem putting larger numbers in the complex was disk connectivity, IBM offered each disk connected to string-switch which connected to two 4-channel 3830 controllers (maximum of eight systems).

Part of my wife's problem with POK growing resistance to increasingly sophisticated loosely-coupled (cluster) was burgeoning cluster vm/4341s (both inside ibm and at customers). vm/4341 cluster had more aggregate processing power than 3033, more aggregate I/O and more aggregate memory, for less money, lower environmentals and much smaller floor space.

In Jan. 1979 I was con'ed into doing national lab benchmark on engineering 4341 (before customer ship) that was looking at getting 70 4341s for compute farm (leading edge of coming cluster supercomputing tsunami). Inside IBM, there was big upsurge in budget for internal computing power ... however dataceenter floor space was becoming critical resource ... vm/4341 clusters were very attractive alternative to POK 3033. vm/4341 also didn't require raised floor along with FBA 3370 and could be placed out into departmental areas ... customers (and IBM business units) were acquiring 4341s hundreds at a time (leading edge of distributed computing tsunami). The cluster 4341s and departmental 4341s were addressing the raised floor bottleneck (both at customers and inside IBM).

email from long ago and far away with extract from "Adessa" newsletter
Date: 08/26/82 09:35:43
From: wheeler

re: i/o capacity on 4341; from The Adessa Advantage, Volume 1, Number 1, October 1981., Strategies for Coping with Technology:

... as of this writing, for roughly $500,000 you can purchase a procssor with the capacity to execute about 1.6 million instructions per second. This system, the 4341 model group 2, comes with eight megabytes of storage and six channels. Also at this time, a large processor like the IBM 3033 costs about $2,600,000 when configured with sixteen megabytes of memory and twelve channels. The processor will execute about 4.4 million instructions per second.

... What would happen happen if the 3033 capacity for computing was replaced by some number of 4341 model group 2 processors? How many of these newer processors would be needed, and what benefits might result by following such a course of action?

... three of the 4341 systems will do quite nicely. In fact, they can provide about 10 per cent more instruction execution capacity than the 3033 offers. If a full complement of storage is installed on each of the three 4341 (8 megs. at this time) processors then the total 24 megabytes will provide 50 percent more memory than the 3033 makes available. With respect to the I/O capabilities, three 4341 systems together offer 50 per cent more channels than does the 3033.

.. The final arbiter in many acquisition proposals is the price. Three 4341 group 2 systems have a total cost of about $1.5 million. If another $500,000 is included for additional equipment to support the sharing of the disk, tape and other devices among the three processors, the total comes to $2 million. The potential saving over the cost of installing a 3033 exceeds $500,000.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

of course Adessa offers a VM/SP enhancement known as Single System Image (SSI) ... making it possible to operate multiple VM machines as a single system.

... snip ... top of post, old email index

note Adessa company specialized in VM/370 software enhancements, and included some number of former IBM employees. However, live migration implementation was still limited to a few (virtual-machine based) commercial online service providers (original two were spinoffs of the ibm cambridge science center in the 60s). trivia: IBM San Jose Research had also done vm/4341 clusters implementation ... but lost to VTAM/SNA (battle my wife got tired of fighting) ... cluster operations that had been taking much less than second elapsed time become over 30 seconds with move to VTAM/SNA (my wife also had enhancements for trotter/3088, eight system CTCA that reduced latency and increased throughput, but couldn't get it approved).

Note that 3033 was quick&dirty effort kicked off after the failure of FS (along with 3081 in parallel) ... initially 168-3 logic remapped to 20% faster chips ... various tweaks eventually get it to 4.4-4.5MIPS. 303x external channel "director" was 370/158 engine with the integrated channel microcode and w/o the 370 microcode. The engineering 4341 in the (San Jose) bldg. 15 product test lab ... with a couple tweaks was used for 3380 3mbyte/sec datastreaming testing ... something that wasn't even remotely possible with 3033 (& 303x channel director). There is Endicott folklore that POK was so threatened by 4341s that at one point they convinced corporate to cut in half the allocation of critical 4341 manufacturing component.

https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#smp
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#shareddata
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

What Lies Beyond Capitalism And Socialism?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: What Lies Beyond Capitalism And Socialism?
Date: 02 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
What Lies Beyond Capitalism And Socialism?
https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2018-05-02/what-lies-beyond-capitalism-and-socialism

On War
https://www.amazon.com/War-beautifully-reproduced-illustrated-introduction-ebook/dp/B00G3DFLY8/
from intro of the 1908 edition ... loc394-95:
As long as the Socialists only threatened capital they were not seriously interfered with, for the Government knew quite well that the undisputed sway of the employer was not for the ultimate good of the State.
... snip ...

the government needed general population standard of living sufficient that soldiers were willing to fight to preserve their way of life. Capitalists tendency was to reduce worker standard of living to the lowest possible ... below what the government needed for soldier motivation ... and therefor needed socialists as counterbalance to the capitalists in raising the general population standard of living.

5000 industrialists from across the US had conference at NYC Waldorf-Astoria and in part because they had gotten such bad reputation for the depression and supporting Nazi Germany, they approved a major propaganda campaign to equate capitalism with Christianity, including in the early 50s it leads to adding "In God We Trust" on money and "under God" in the allegiance.
https://www.amazon.com/One-Nation-Under-God-Corporate-ebook/dp/B00PWX7R56/

The Price of Inequality: How Today's Divided Society Endangers Our Future
https://www.amazon.com/Price-Inequality-Divided-Society-Endangers-ebook/dp/B007MKCQ30/

pg35/loc1169-73:
In business school we teach students how to recognize, and create, barriers to competition -- including barriers to entry -- that help ensure that profits won't be eroded. Indeed, as we shall shortly see, some of the most important innovations in business in the last three decades have centered not on making the economy more efficient but on how better to ensure monopoly power or how better to circumvent government regulations intended to align social returns and private rewards
... suip ...

Economists and the Powerful: Convenient Theories, Distorted Facts, Ample Rewards
https://www.amazon.com/Economists-Powerful-Convenient-Distorted-Economics-ebook/dp/B01B4X4KOS/

loc1200-1206:
There are plenty of examples from other countries to copy: the US individual retirement account system is based on the Chilean pension reform of 1980/81 that in turn was based heavily on proposals made in the book Capitalism and Freedom by Milton Friedman. In response to the Chilean system facing a likely collapse in a few decades time, it was substantially overhauled in 2008 to require mandatory participation of all citizens in exchange for universal pension coverage.

loc72-74:
"Only through having been caught so blatantly with their noses in the troughs (e.g. the 2011 Academy Award -- winning documentary Inside Job) has the American Economic Association finally been forced to adopt an ethical code, and that code is weak and incomplete compared with other disciplines."
... snip ...

"Inside Job" references how leading economists were captured similar to the capture of the regulatory agencies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_Job_(2010_film)

economic mess posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#economic.mess

"The Undoing Project" goes into some detail how Kahneman and Tversky disproved economists' assumption that people make rational decisions
https://www.amazon.com/Undoing-Project-Friendship-Changed-Minds/dp/0393354776/

loc1155-59:
He had listened to an American economist talk about how so-and-so was stupid and so-and-so was a fool, then said, "All your economic models are premised on people being smart and rational, and yet all the people you know are idiots."
... snip ...

The Great Deformation: The Corruption of Capitalism in America
https://www.amazon.com/Great-Deformation-Corruption-Capitalism-America-ebook/dp/B00B3M3UK6/

stock buyback posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#stock.buyback

Age of Greed: The Triumph of Finance and the Decline of America, 1970 to the Present,
https://www.amazon.com/Age-Greed-Triumph-Finance-Decline-ebook/dp/B004DEPF6I/

pg199/loc3909-13:
GE Capital also enabled GE to manage its quarterly earnings, engaging in the last couple of weeks of every calendar quarter in various trades that could push earnings up on the last day or two before the quarter's end. It was an open secret on Wall Street that this was how Welch consistently kept quarterly earnings rising for years at a time. "Though earnings management is a no-no among good governance types," wrote two CNNMoney financial editors, "the company has never denied doing it, and GE Capital is the perfect mechanism."

pg200/loc3925-30:
The CNNMoney writers got it slightly wrong. GE was not exactly like the American economy. It was even more dependent on financial services. In the early 2000s, GE was again riding a financial wave, the subprime mortgage lending boom; it had even bought a subprime mortgage broker. GE borrowed still more against equity to exploit the remarkable opportunities, its triple-A rating giving it a major competitive advantage. By 2008, the central weakness of the Welch business strategy, its dependence on financial overspeculation, became ominously clear. GE's profits plunged during the credit crisis and its stock price fell by 60 percent. GE Capital, the main source of its success for twenty-five years, now reported enormous losses

pg200/pg3935-41:
He mostly stopped trying to create great new products, hence the reduction in R&D. He took the heart out of his businesses, he did not put it in, as he had always hoped to do. What made his strategy possible, and fully shaped it, was the rising stock market--and the new ideology that praised free markets even as they failed.
... snip ...

inequality posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#inequality

Major person helping rebuild Germany economy and military from the 20s through the early 40s was John Foster Dulles.
https://www.amazon.com/Brothers-Foster-Dulles-Allen-Secret-ebook/dp/B00BY5QX1K/

loc865-68:
In mid-1931 a consortium of American banks, eager to safeguard their investments in Germany, persuaded the German government to accept a loan of nearly $500 million to prevent default. Foster was their agent. His ties to the German government tightened after Hitler took power at the beginning of 1933 and appointed Foster's old friend Hjalmar Schacht as minister of economics.

loc905-7:
Foster was stunned by his brother's suggestion that Sullivan & Cromwell quit Germany. Many of his clients with interests there, including not just banks but corporations like Standard Oil and General Electric, wished Sullivan & Cromwell to remain active regardless of political conditions.

loc938-40:
At least one other senior partner at Sullivan & Cromwell, Eustace Seligman, was equally disturbed. In October 1939, six weeks after the Nazi invasion of Poland, he took the extraordinary step of sending Foster a formal memorandum disavowing what his old friend was saying about Nazism
... snip ...

June1940, Germany had a victory celebration at the NYC Waldorf-Astoria with major industrialists. Lots of them were there to hear how to do business with the Nazis (and circumvent the neutrality laws)
https://www.amazon.com/Man-Called-Intrepid-Incredible-Narrative-ebook/dp/B00V9QVE5O/
loc1925-29:
One prominent figure at the German victory celebration was Torkild Rieber, of Texaco, whose tankers eluded the British blockade. The company had already been warned, at Roosevelt's instigation, about violations of the Neutrality Law. But Rieber had set up an elaborate scheme for shipping oil and petroleum products through neutral ports in South America. With the Germans now preparing to turn the English Channel into what Churchill thought would become "a river of blood," other industrialists were eager to learn from Texaco how to do more business with Hitler.
... snip ...

from the law of unintended consequences, when the 1943 US Strategic Bombing program needed industrial and military targets and coordinates in Germany, they got the information from wallstreet.

military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

The Redacted Testimony That Fully Explains Why General MacArthur Was Fired

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: The Redacted Testimony That Fully Explains Why General MacArthur Was Fired
Date: 02 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
The Redacted Testimony That Fully Explains Why General MacArthur Was Fired; Far beyond being insubordinate, the military leader seemed to not grasp the consequences of his desired strategy
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/redacted-testimony-fully-explains-why-general-macarthur-was-fired-180960622/

related

The Marshall Plan, Dawn of the Cold War, Benn Steil
https://www.amazon.com/Marshall-Plan-Dawn-Cold-War-ebook/dp/B074ZPB3Y1/

previous Benn Steil: The Battle of Bretton Woods: John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White, and the Making of a New World Order
https://www.amazon.com/Battle-Bretton-Woods-Relations-University-ebook/dp/B00B5ZQ72Y/

which covers some about Harry Dexter White (assistant secretary of treasury) under Soviet influence and Stalin sent him draft demands for White to include in diplomatic communication to provoke Japan into attacking US (aka Pearl Harbor).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull_note#Interpretations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Dexter_White#Venona_project
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venona_project

also in 1943, White as agent for Stalin, diverts $200M of congressional appropriations for (China) Nationalists

Milton Miles book ("Different Kind of War")
https://www.amazon.com/Different-Kind-War-little-known-guerrilla/dp/B0006BQ5XY/

first half was about going into china to setup coastal watchers but then spent much of the rest training 50,000 guerrillas fighting the Japanese. He then spends the last half of the book about how OSS and Army gave china to the communists. They came in and wanted to take over the whole operation. The US Navy and Nationalists rebuffed them, so to get something they could take credit for, they support the communists. Also has Marshall supporting Army, both as SECDEF and then later SECSTATE (47-49). Then 1949 China White Paper somewhat trying to absolve state for giving China to the Communists ... possible excuse was Marshall was preoccupied with Europe ... however there was also a lot of placating Stalin because they believed they needed Soviets to defeat Japan.
https://archive.org/details/VanSlykeLymanTheChinaWhitePaper1949

The China Mission: George Marshall's Unfinished War, 1945-1947
https://www.amazon.com/China-Mission-Marshalls-Unfinished-1945-1947-ebook/dp/B073VXPBL2/

In Manchuria there was 1.5M Soviets fighting 1M Japanese. By comparison Okinawa, US had 600k fighting 76k Japanese. This covers a lot of Soviets in WW2, including Manchuria (after Germans had been defeated)
https://www.amazon.com/HISTORICAL-PERSPECTIVES-OPERATIONAL-ART-ANTHOLOGY-ebook/dp/B0086W3GX2/

Without giving China to the communists, there wouldn't have been Korea, and w/o Korea they wouldn't have been domino theory, and w/o domino theory, there wouldn't have been excuse for Vietnam.

military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Economists and the Powerful: Convenient Theories, Distorted Facts, Ample Rewards

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Economists and the Powerful: Convenient Theories, Distorted Facts, Ample Rewards
Date: 03 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
Why the Koch brothers find higher education worth the money; The power of the Koch brothers' money in higher ed goes far and wide, and aims for impact
https://www.publicintegrity.org/2018/05/03/21730/why-koch-brothers-find-higher-education-worth-money
There are many examples of how their investments played out on campuses and universities, including at Florida State University, where, in 2007, the Charles Koch Foundation gave millions of dollars to the university's economics department -- if it complied with its conditions.
... snip ...

Revelations Over Koch Gifts Prompt Inquiry at George Mason University
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/01/us/koch-george-mason-university.html
Documents show ties between university, conservative donors
https://apnews.com/0c87e4318bcc4eb9b8e69f9f54c7b889

in the wake of the economic mess last decade, there were articles about "economist capture", where there was concerted effort to influence economists (hire, put on retainer, grants to their departments) influencing their opinion and testimony

economic mess posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#economic.mess

The Scholars Who Shill for Wall Street; Academics get paid by financial firms to testify against Dodd-Frank regulations. What's wrong with this picture?
http://www.thenation.com/article/176809/scholars-who-shill-wall-street
Academics Who Defend Wall St. Reap Reward
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/28/business/academics-who-defend-wall-st-reap-reward.html

no. 2 on times list of those responsible for the economic mess,
http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1877351_1877350_1877330,00.html
was behind GLBA that repealed Glass-Steagall, enabling too big to fail (too big to prosecute and too big to jail) ... but on the list for preventing regulating CDS gambling bets Gramm and the 'Enron Loophole'
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/17/business/17grammside.html
Enron was a major contributor to Mr. Gramm's political campaigns, and Mr. Gramm's wife, Wendy, served on the Enron board, which she joined after stepping down as chairwoman of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
... snip ...

Phil Gramm's Enron Favor .. gone 404 but lives on at wayback machine
https://web.archive.org/web/20080711114839/http://www.villagevoice.com/2002-01-15/news/phil-gramm-s-enron-favor/
A few days after she got the ball rolling on the exemption, Wendy Gramm resigned from the commission. Enron soon appointed her to its board of directors, where she served on the audit committee, which oversees the inner financial workings of the corporation. For this, the company paid her between $915,000 and $1.85 million in stocks and dividends, as much as $50,000 in annual salary, and $176,000 in attendance fees
... snip ...

"Wendy" replaced Born (when Born suggested regulating CDS gambling bets)
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/warning/
Before becoming chair of CFTC, Wendy was at Koch brothers' Foundation
https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Mercatus_Center#Connections_to_NFIB_and_Environmental_Deregulation
https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Mercatus_Center#The_Enron_Loophole
more here at "Dark Money"
https://www.amazon.com/Dark-Money-History-Billionaires-RadicalRight-ebook/dp/B0180SU4OA/

ENRON posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#enron

Glenn Hubbard, Leading Academic and Mitt Romney Advisor, Took 1200 an Hour to Be Countrywide's Expert Witness (gone 404, but lives on at wayback machine)
https://web.archive.org/web/20140504010711/http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/blogs/taibblog/glenn-hubbard-leading-academic-and-mitt-romney-advisor-took-1200-an-hour-to-be-countrywides-expert-witness-20121220?print=true

Head of Countrywide is no. 1 on time's list of those responsible for the economic mess
http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1877351_1877350_1877339,00.html
Not just academics, Dodd (of "Dodd-Frank") is "friends of Mozilo"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelo_Mozilo#Friends_of_Angelo_.28FOA.29_VIP_program

Economists and the Powerful: Convenient Theories, Distorted Facts, Ample Rewards
https://www.amazon.com/Economists-Powerful-Convenient-Distorted-Economics-ebook/dp/B01B4X4KOS/

loc72-74:
"Only through having been caught so blatantly with their noses in the troughs (e.g. the 2011 Academy Award -- winning documentary Inside Job) has the American Economic Association finally been forced to adopt an ethical code, and that code is weak and incomplete compared with other disciplines."

loc957-62:
The AEA was pushed into action by a damning research report into the systematic concealment of conflicts of interest by top financial economists and by a letter from three hundred economists who urged the association to come up with a code of ethics. Epstein and Carrick-Hagenbarth (2010) have shown that many highly influential financial economists in the US hold roles in the private financial sector, from serving on boards to owning the respective companies. Many of these have written on financial regulation in the media or in scholarly papers. Very rarely have they disclosed their affiliations to the financial industry in their writing or in their testimony in front of Congress, thus concealing a potential conflict of interest.

loc1200-1206:
There are plenty of examples from other countries to copy: the US individual retirement account system is based on the Chilean pension reform of 1980/81 that in turn was based heavily on proposals made in the book Capitalism and Freedom by Milton Friedman. In response to the Chilean system facing a likely collapse in a few decades time, it was substantially overhauled in 2008 to require mandatory participation of all citizens in exchange for universal pension coverage.
... snip ...

"Inside Job" references how leading economists were captured similar to the capture of the regulatory agencies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_Job_(2010_film)

regulatory capture posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#regulatory.capture

Age of Greed: The Triumph of Finance and the Decline of America, 1970 to the Present
https://www.amazon.com/Age-Greed-Triumph-Finance-ebook/dp/B004DEPF6I/

pg199/loc3909-13:
GE Capital also enabled GE to manage its quarterly earnings, engaging in the last couple of weeks of every calendar quarter in various trades that could push earnings up on the last day or two before the quarter's end. It was an open secret on Wall Street that this was how Welch consistently kept quarterly earnings rising for years at a time. "Though earnings management is a no-no among good governance types," wrote two CNNMoney financial editors, "the company has never denied doing it, and GE Capital is the perfect mechanism."

pg200/loc3925-30:
The CNNMoney writers got it slightly wrong. GE was not exactly like the American economy. It was even more dependent on financial services. In the early 2000s, GE was again riding a financial wave, the subprime mortgage lending boom; it had even bought a subprime mortgage broker. GE borrowed still more against equity to exploit the remarkable opportunities, its triple-A rating giving it a major competitive advantage. By 2008, the central weakness of the Welch business strategy, its dependence on financial overspeculation, became ominously clear. GE's profits plunged during the credit crisis and its stock price fell by 60 percent. GE Capital, the main source of its success for twenty-five years, now reported enormous losses

pg200/pg3935-41:
He mostly stopped trying to create great new products, hence the reduction in R&D. He took the heart out of his businesses, he did not put it in, as he had always hoped to do. What made his strategy possible, and fully shaped it, was the rising stock market--and the new ideology that praised free markets even as they failed.
... snip ...

Why the "Maximizing Shareholder Value" Theory of Corporate Governance is Bogus
https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2013/10/why-the-maximizing-shareholder-value-theory-of-corporate-governance-is-bogus.html
One mantra you see regularly in the business and popular press goes something along the lines of "the CEO and board have a fiduciary duty to maximize shareholder value." That is untrue. Moreover, the widespread acceptance of that false notion has done considerable harm.

If you review any of the numerous guides prepared for directors of corporations prepared by law firms and other experts, you won't find a stipulation for them to maximize shareholder value on the list of things they are supposed to do. It's not a legal requirement. And there is a good reason for that.

Directors and officers, broadly speaking, have a duty of care and duty of loyalty to the corporation. From that flow more specific obligations under Federal and state law. But notice: those responsibilities are to the corporation, not to shareholders inparticular.

... snip ...

In the 80s, VP and former CIA director claims no knowledge of
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Contra_affair
because he was fulltime administration point person deregulating financial industry ... creating S&L crisis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_and_loan_crisis
Along with other members of his family
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_and_loan_crisis#Silverado_Savings_and_Loan
and another
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE0D81E3BF937A25753C1A966958260

This century, another family member then presides over the economic mess 70 times larger than the S&L crisis. S&L crisis had 1000 criminal convictions with jailtime, proportionally the economic mess should have 70,000.

S&L Crisis posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#s&l.crisis

Milton Friedman
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Friedman
Friedman promoted an alternative macroeconomic viewpoint known as "monetarism", and argued that a steady, small expansion of the money supply was the preferred policy.[12] His ideas concerning monetary policy, taxation, privatization and deregulation influenced government policies, especially during the 1980s.
... snip ...

which corresponds to the beginning destruction of the middle class as well as the S&L crisis.

The Limping Middle Class
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/04/opinion/sunday/jobs-will-follow-a-strengthening-of-the-middle-class.html
http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2011/09/04/opinion/04reich-graphic.html

Economists Give Up on Milton Friedman's Biggest Idea
https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-07-26/economists-give-up-on-milton-friedman-s-biggest-idea
The idea is called the permanent income hypothesis (PIH). Friedman first put it on paper in 1957, and it still holds enormous sway in the econ profession.
...
A blow to the mathematical version of the theory came in 2006, when Georgetown economists Matthew Canzoneri, Robert Cumby and Behzad Diba wrote a paper testing the consumption Euler equation directly against real financial data -- something that, for reasons that escape me, no economist seems to have actually tried before. The equation says that when interest rates are high, people save more and consume less -- this is the way they smooth their consumption, as Friedman predicted. But Canzoneri et al. found that the opposite is true -- for whatever reason, the fact is that people tend to consume more when rates are high.
...
So it's not much of an exaggeration to say that Friedman's PIH is the cornerstone of modern macroeconomic theory. Unfortunately, there's just one small problem -- it's almost certainly wrong.
... snip ...

Milton Friedman's Cherished Theory Is Laid to Rest
https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-01-12/milton-friedman-s-cherished-theory-is-laid-to-rest
Even now, when economic models have become far more complex than anything in Friedman's time, economists still go back to Friedman's theory as a mental touchstone -- a fundamental intuition that guides the way they make their models. My first macroeconomics professor believed in it deeply and instinctively, and would even bring it up in department seminars. ...
... snip ...

From "Economic Man" to Behavioral Economics
https://hbr.org/2015/05/from-economic-man-to-behavioral-economics
Irrationality's Revenge

Savage and the economist Milton Friedman wrote in 1948, the proper analogy was to an expert billiards player who didn't know the mathematical formulas governing how one ball would carom off another but "made his shots as if he knew the formulas."

Somewhat amazingly, that's where economists left things for more than 30 years. It wasn't that they thought everybody made perfect probability calculations; they simply believed that in free markets, rational behavior would usually prevail.

...
"In fact our research only showed that humans are not well described by the rational-agent model." And so a new set of decision scholars began to examine whether those shortcuts our brains take are actually all that irrational.
... snip ...

Michael Lewis' Revelatory 'The Undoing Project'
https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/technology-and-learning/michael-lewis-revelatory-undoing-project

"The Undoing Project" goes into some detail how Kahneman and Tversky disproved Economists' assumption that people make rational decisions ... getting Kahneman (a psychologist) Nobel Prize in economics. loc1155-59:
He had listened to an American economist talk about how so-and-so was stupid and so-and-so was a fool, then said, "All your economic models are premised on people being smart and rational, and yet all the people you know are idiots."
... snip ... --
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Two Vietnams: Ken Burns' and Ours

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Two Vietnams: Ken Burns' and Ours
Date: 03 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
Two Vietnams: Ken Burns' and Ours; Ken Burns' latest documentary did a creditable job depicting a complex war but it missed an opportunity to tell the story of the Swift boats. By Ed Bergin and Dan Daly
https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2018-04/two-vietnams-ken-burns%E2%80%99-ours

Anatomy of Failure: Why America Loses Every War It Starts
https://www.amazon.com/Anatomy-Failure-America-Loses-Starts-ebook/dp/B075XPH31Q/
loc101-4:
This book has its origins in the Vietnam War, in 1965. I was serving as a Swift Boat skipper in the northernmost part of the Republic of South Vietnam. Over time (I was there from 1965 to 1967), even a junior naval officer could not ignore the recurring displays of arrogance, naivete, ignorance, ineptitude, and incompetence by the senior American political and military leadership in waging that conflict.

loc134-36:
The flaw in this strategy was that North Vietnam already had an effective logistical land route to the South, called the Ho Chi Minh Trail. This trail, deep in the interior of Southeast Asia, did not need seaborne routes. But the Navy was anxious to get its share of the action - even though there was little action to be had.

loc219-22:
Charges were filed against the Air Force pilots. "Friendly fire" was unfortunately the rule, not the exception, and virtually no coordination existed between the different services operating in the region. The Air Force needed pilots, and the charges disappeared. Other friendly-fire incidents occurred, particularly ashore.
... snip ...

goes on to talk about they had more to fear from USAF than the Viet Cong or the North Vietnamese.

loc940-44:
While operating out of Danang and the Cua Vet River in northern I Corps, Swift Boats regarded as a major threat the U.S. Air Force, which occasionally strafed U.S. Navy and Coast Guard units misidentified as North Vietnamese patrol boats. But the fundamental miscalculation was failure to understand the staying power of the North Vietnamese and their commitment to unifying the country. The United States also failed to heed the famous Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu, who, writing two and a half millennia ago, argued that the best strategy was to defeat the enemy's strategy.

Boyd use to talk about being vocal about criticizing electronics across the trail wouldn't work ... possibly as punishment, he is made command of spook base. Ref. gone 404, but lives on at wayback machine.
https://web.archive.org/web/20030212092342/http://home.att.net/~c.jeppeson/igloo_white.html
also "Operation Igloo White"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Igloo_White

The Mind of War: John Boyd and American Security (Grant Hammond)
https://www.amazon.com/Mind-War-John-American-Security-ebook/dp/B006Q2GIDO/
loc2066-69:
It was time. Boyd received the orders for his tour in 1972 and spent thirteen months, from April 1972 through April 1973, in Thailand at a secret Air Force base involved in intelligence gathering and the monitoring of sophisticated sensors for the war in Vietnam. The base (Nakom Phanom, known as NKP) was the headquarters of an operation known as Igloo White, among others, and a large group called Task Force Alpha.

loc2078-80:
By the time Boyd arrived at NKP, somewhere between $2 billion and $4 billion, according to various estimates, had been invested in the program, and it was in full swing. The program operation for aerial attack of sites identified by the sensors was known as Igloo White.

log2084-86:
This was the origin of the electronic battlefield that has evolved into the image of the digital battlefield of the future. 20 Boyd was not particularly enamored with much of the high-technology effort and thought the success rate not worth the investment.
... snip ...

posts & URL mentioning Boyd and/or OODA-loops
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

z/VM Live Guest Relocation

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: z/VM Live Guest Relocation
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 6 May 2018 17:37:20 -0700
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#77 z/VM Live Guest Relocation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#78 z/VM Live Guest Relocation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#79 z/VM Live Guest Relocation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#80 z/VM Live Guest Relocation

some other trivia about the cp67 (precursor to vm370) commercial spinoffs besides cluster, loosely-coupled, single-system-image, load balancing and fall-over as well as live guest relocation.

other trivia: I recently posted scans of 1969 "First Financial Language" manual to facebook. I got copy when one of the cp67 commercial spinoffs (science center and MIT lincoln labs) was recruiting me ... and the person primarily responsible for first financial language implementation then makes some comments. turns out that he had teamed up a decade later with bricklin to form software arts and implement visicalc.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VisiCalc

the other cp67 commercial spinoff from the same period ... was also heavily into 4th generation reporting language ... another science center spin-off and moved up value chain with RAMIS from Mathematica at NCSS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramis_software
and then NOMAD
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomad_software
RAMIS follow-on, FOCUS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOCUS
FOCUS also on another (virtual machine based) commercial online service
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymshare

of course all these mainframe 4th generation languages were eventually pretty much subsumed by SQL/RDBMS which was developed on VM370 system at IBM San Jose Research, System/R ... some past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#systemr

and Tymshare trivia ... started providing its CMS-based online computer conferencing (precursor to listserv on ibm sponsored bitnet in the 80s and modern social media) free to SHARE ... as VMSHARE in Aug1976 (later also added PCSHARE). vmshare archive
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/

and vm/bitnet trivia (used technology similar to the IBM internal network ... primarily VM-based)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BITNET
and vm/listserv reference
http://www.lsoft.com/products/listserv-history.asp

which is where this ibm-main group eventually originates

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

OS/360

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: OS/360
Date: 06 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
after taking 2hr intro fortran/computers, I initially got hired to re-implement 1401 MPIO (1401 unit record front end for 709 which did tape->tapes ... and tapes manually moved between 709 & 1401). As part of transition from 709/1401 ->360, 1401 was initially replaced with 360/30. I got to design my own monitor, dispatcher, device drivers, interrupt handlers, storage management, error recovery, etc. Univ. datacenter shutdown weekends and I got the whole thing to myself for 48hrs from 8am sat to 8am mon (made monday morning classes a little hard). I fairly quickly learned that first thing I'd do before anything else, cleaning all tape drives, taking the 2540 apart and cleaning everything, etc.

After a couple months I had a tray (little over 2000) cards with conditional assembly for either stand alone or running under os/360 with DCB macros. The stand-alone version took about 30mins to assemble (os/360 PCP release 6) .... the OS/360 version took an hour to assemble ... you could watch the front panel lights and tell when the assembler hit a DCB macro ... which took 5+minutes (for each DCB).

Not long after that I was hired fulltime to be responsible for the production systems. Up until then typically the IBM SE did most of the system release sysgen ... and I had to giveup some of my weekend time to their sysgen work. They had left their stage1 output in card cabinet ... made a duplicate and played around completely reworking. IBM initially complained that I was messing with their stuff ... until I showed I was playing with duplicate deck (which may have contributed to getting hired fulltime). After that UNIV. would get new IBM SE every 6months or so ... I guess IBM was expecting me to train them.

I got to do release 9.5 all by myself (and by that time the 709&360/30 had been replaced with 360/67 (but ran most of the time as 360/65). Next was release 11 MFT ... I did the stage1 sysgen ... and then took the output (about box of cards) all apart and reorganized everything to carefully place everything for optimal disk arm seek (and ordering in PDS directory for multi-track search).

The next release was 14 MFT ... I had got the sysgen process down so that I could just about do everything in production (release 11) job stream (still took the stage1 sysgen completely apart and reordered the cards for file & member placement to optimize disk access).

old post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/94.html#18
with part of presentation given at fall 1968 (IBM user group) SHARE meeting
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHARE_(computing)

most of it is about rewriting large amounts of (virtual machine) CP67 system code making os/360 run faster in virtual machine. However there is some discussion of os/360 sysgen work. The issue was that student fortran jobs ran less than second with 709 IBSYS tape->tape. Initial move to 360/65 OS/360 ran over minute ... installing HASP cut it in half to over 30 seconds (mostly large disk access activity in scheduler job step processing and open/close SVC module loading). Doing careful stage2 sysgen (optimizing disk activity) got it to 12.9sec ... nearly three times speedup ... but still much slower than 709. It wasn't until installing UofWaterloo's WATFOR that student job processing was faster than 709. WATFOR was single step monitor that batch processed multiple jobs at a time (in single load) ... running about 20,000 "cards" (statements) per min on 360/65 ... with avg. student job around 50 cards (say 400 jobs/minute or 6-7jobs/sec ... disk->disk w/HASP)

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

The Rise and Fall of Thinking Machines

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: The Rise and Fall of Thinking Machines
Date: 06 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
The Rise and Fall of Thinking Machines
https://www.inc.com/magazine/19950915/2622.html

We had contracted to CLAM (started by some former IBMers) for much of HA/CMP work. The Cambridge Science Center had moved from 545 tech sq to 101 Main Street ... and when science centers were shutdown, the space was sublet to CLAM, I was walking from the hotel to CLAM ... passed Lotus and stopped to watch a worker prying the ("thinking machines") letters off the building (I considered asking the worker if I could have some of the letters).

the last product that my wife and I did before leaving IBM in '92 was RS/6000 HA/CMP
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_High_Availability_Cluster_Multiprocessing

We were also doing commercial cluster scale-up with RDBMS vendors and scientific/technical cluster scale-up with national labs. reference to Jan1992 meeting in Ellison's conference room on commercial cluster scale-up https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13

within a few weeks of the Ellison meeting, cluster scale-up was transferred to IBM Kingston, announced as IBM supercomputer, and we were told that we couldn't work on anything with more than four processors. Likely contributing factor was that the (mainframe) DB2 group had been complaining that if we were allowed to go ahead, it would be at least five years ahead of them. A few months later we depart the company. some old email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#medusa
17Feb1992 press, for scientific/technical "ONLY"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters1
11May1992 press, surprised by national lab interest
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters2

trivia: In Jan1979, I was con'ed into doing national lab benchmarks on engineering 4341 (before 4341 ships to customers) that were looking at getting 70 4341s for compute farm (sort of the leading edge of the coming cluster supercomputer tsunami).

HA/CMP posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp
some old cluster scale-up email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#medusa
some old 4341 email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#4341

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

The G.O.P. Tax Cut Is Draining the Treasury Even Faster Than Expected

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: The G.O.P. Tax Cut Is Draining the Treasury Even Faster Than Expected
Date: 06 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
The G.O.P. Tax Cut Is Draining the Treasury Even Faster Than Expected
https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/02/the-gop-tax-cut-is-draining-the-treasury

In 2002, congress let the fiscal responsibility act lapse (spending couldn't exceed tax revenue, on its way to eliminating all Federal debt). 2010 CBO report that 2003-2009, tax revenue was cut $6T and spending increased $6T for $12T budget gap compared to fiscal responsible budget (first time taxes were cut to not pay for two wars, completely different republican congress than the one that had originally passed the act). Also report that of the increase in DOD spending, there was over one trillion that they couldn't find anything to show for (this is totally different than things like the $60B in pallets of shrink wrapped $100 bills airlifted to Iraq ... and disappears after arriving).

This was possibly confluence of Federal Reserve and wallstreet wanting huge deficit, DOD wanting huge spending increase, and special interests wanting huge tax cuts. W/o the huge federal debt, the too big to fail wouldn't be able to use trillions in Federal Reserve ZIRP funds to buy trillions in treasuries (making something like $300B/annum on the spread).

2008 there was proposal for flat tax after detailed analysis of the current infrastructure ... assuming that flat tax would eliminate all the existing loopholes. Dealing with the loopholes was costing about 3% of GDP and non-optimal business decisions to conform to loopholes was costing another 3% of GDP. The 6% of GDP saved going to flattax would more than offset loss of marginal actual benefits from any of those loopholes. It was claimed that it would also go a long way towards correcting the perception that Congress is the most corrupt institution on earth ... in large part because of the enormous lobbying that goes on around loopholes ... and the trillions involved in the loopholes. They made a joke that the major lobbying against the flattax proposal is by tax preparation & accounting industries (that account for a large part of loss of 3% of GDP) and the country of Ireland (a favorite tax haven destination).

More recently there was explanation that after turn of century that congress created new loopholes for hiding profits in offshare tax havens ... it is mostly on paper ... the actual money still is located in the US. One cited example is heavy equipment maker that makes, sells and delivers in the US. They were then allowed to create a distributorship subsidiary in offshore tax haven. The equipment is transferred at cost (on paper) to the distributorship which then "sells" to US customers ... booking all the profits (on paper) in the tax haven. The equipment and money never ever actually leaves US shore.

Spring 2011 weekend DC news broadcast where the new speaker of the house was explaining how he was putting all the new (tea) party darlings on the tax committee (as gift/reward) because members of that committee are the ones that recieve the most lobbying money (he highlighted the huge rewards for the new members of congress at the same time admitting to the enormous corruption).

fiscal responsibility act posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#fiscal.responsibility.act
too big to fail (too big to prosecute, too big to jail) posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#too-big-to-fail
tax evasion, fraud, avoidance, havens, corruption posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#tax.evasion

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Earth's atmosphere just crossed another troubling climate change threshold

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Earth's atmosphere just crossed another troubling climate change threshold
Date: 06 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
Earth's atmosphere just crossed another troubling climate change threshold
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/05/03/earths-atmosphere-just-crossed-another-troubling-climate-change-threshold/
The reading from the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii finds that concentrations of the climate-warming gas averaged above 410 parts per million throughout April. The first time readings crossed 410 at all occurred on April 18, 2017, or just about a year ago.
... snip ...

35-40yrs ago there was Berkeley 10meter being planed for Mauna Loa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauna_Loa

They wanted to change from film to digital and be able to do remote observing from the mainland. I had project I called HSDT (high speed data transport) working with NSF Director and was suppose to get $20M to interconnect the NSF supercomputer centers.

"Berkeley 10meter" project was playing with 200x200 (40K pel) CCDs (cellphones now are like 12M pel, 300 times more) at Lick Observatory (east of San Jose)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lick_Observatory

At the time, CCDs needed 30sec exposure to completely white field to calibrate the electrical current from each CCD, however otherwise CCDs were 100 times more sensitive than film (actual image acquisition was 100 times faster). Calculated that a 800kbit satellite, one-way link from Mauna Loa to mainland for digital images ... and could get by with much slower two-way link for control.

There was some issue with funding and they were looking for funding sources. Eventually they got the money from the Keck foundation
http://www.wmkeck.org/
and the name change to Keck Observatory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._M._Keck_Observatory
at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauna_Kea_Observatories

old (archived) email references
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004h.html#830804
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004h.html#830822
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004h.html#830830
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004h.html#841121
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004h.html#860519

archived HSDT posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt
archived HSDT email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#hsdt

old posts mentioning Keck:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004h.html#7 CCD technology
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004h.html#8 CCD technology
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005l.html#9 Jack Kilby dead
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006t.html#12 Ranking of non-IBM mainframe builders?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007c.html#20 How many 36-bit Unix ports in the old days?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007c.html#50 How many 36-bit Unix ports in the old days?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009m.html#82 ATMs by the Numbers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009m.html#85 ATMs by the Numbers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009o.html#55 TV Big Bang 10/12/09
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009o.html#60 TV Big Bang 10/12/09
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010i.html#24 Program Work Method Question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011b.html#58 Other early NSFNET backbone
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011d.html#9 Hawaii board OKs plan for giant telescope
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012k.html#10 Slackware
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012k.html#86 OT: Physics question and Star Trek
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012o.html#55 360/20, was 1132 printer history
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014.html#8 We're About to Lose Net Neutrality -- And the Internet as We Know It
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014.html#76 Royal Pardon For Turing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014g.html#50 Revamped PDP-11 in Honolulu or maybe Santa Fe
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014h.html#75 Revamped PDP-11 in Brooklyn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015.html#19 Spaceshot: 3,200-megapixel camera for powerful cosmos telescope moves forward
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015.html#20 Spaceshot: 3,200-megapixel camera for powerful cosmos telescope moves forward
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#71 Under Hawaii's Starriest Skies, a Fight Over Sacred Ground
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#51 Stopping the Internet of noise

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

The G.O.P. Tax Cut Is Draining the Treasury Even Faster Than Expected

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: The G.O.P. Tax Cut Is Draining the Treasury Even Faster Than Expected
Date: 07 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#88

from the law of unintended consequences, costs for dealing with all the enormous mounting tax loopholes for special interests costing 6% GDP, aka .06*$18.5T, over trillion/yr (the method that congress has used to provide tax cuts for special interests, if they did it the same for everybody, there would be no reason for special interests to lobby congress, aka flat rate tax with no loopholes). fiscal responsibility act was on its way to eliminating all federal federal debt ... after letting it lapse, congress blows debt to more than GDP ... interest on the debt around another half trillion. By 2005, US Comptroller General was including in speeches that nobody in congress was capable of middle school arithmetic (for how badly they were savaging the budget) ... first time in history that taxes were cut (instead of raised) to not pay for two wars.

The first major bill after fiscal responsibility act was allowed to lapse was medicare part-d. CBS 60mins did an expose on the 18 republicans responsible for getting it through. Just before final vote, they had a one line sentence (that prevents competitive bidding) and prevents CBO for distributing report on the effect of the change (prices under medicare part-d are three times identical drugs with competitive bidding). Within six months of act passing, all 18 have resigned and on drug industry payroll (buying off members of congress and revolving door can have little to do with how long they have been in congress). US Comptroller General is including in speeches that medicare part-d was enormous gift to the drug industry and comes to be a long term cost totally swamping all other budget items ... definitely making the congress first half of last decade the most corrupt institution on earth.

fiscal responsibility act posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#fiscal.responsibility.act
US comptroller General posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#comptroller.general
medicare part-d posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#medicare.part-d

Churchill explains the mess in the middle east starts before WW1 with the need for the Navy to move from 13.5inch guns to 15inch guns, The World Crisis, Vol. 1,
https://www.amazon.com/World-Crisis-Winston-Churchills-Collection-ebook/dp/B00FFD2DP2/
... which requires moving from coal to oil.

loc2012-14:
From the beginning there appeared a ship carrying ten 15-inch guns, and therefore at least 600 feet long with room inside her for engines which would drive her 21 knots and capacity to carry armour which on the armoured belt, the turrets and the conning tower would reach the thickness unprecedented in the British Service of 13 inches.

loc2087-89:
To build any large additional number of oil-burning ships meant basing our naval supremacy upon oil. But oil was not found in appreciable quantities in our islands. If we required it, we must carry it by sea in peace or war from distant countries.

loc2151-56:
This led to enormous expense and to tremendous opposition on the Naval Estimates. Yet it was absolutely impossible to turn back. We could only fight our way forward, and finally we found our way to the Anglo-Persian Oil agreement and contract, which for an initial investment of two millions of public money (subsequently increased to five millions) has not only secured to the Navy a very substantial proportion of its oil supply, but has led to the acquisition by the Government of a controlling share in oil properties and interests which are at present valued at scores of millions sterling, and also to very considerable economies, which are still continuing, in the purchase price of Admiralty oil.
... snip ...

Iran elected leader was going to review the Anglo-Persian contracts ... CIA Confirms Role in 1953 Iran Coup
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB435/
including
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kermit_Roosevelt,_Jr.
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat
and to help keep the Shah in power, US (including Norman Schwarzkopf senior) trained
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAVAK

CIA director Colby refuses to approve "Team B" analysis claiming huge Russian military capability, justifying huge US military spending increase.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_B
White House Chief of Staff Rumsfeld replaces Colby with somebody (Bush1) that will agree with "Team B" analysis. Rumsfeld then resigns to become SECDEF (and is replaced by his assistant Cheney). Iran eventually revolts against the horribly savage repressive regime of the Shah and the SAVAK. This upsets the US so badly that they start supporting Saddam; Bush1 is VP and Rumsfeld is working with Saddam
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Iraq_War
including supplying WMDs (picture of Rumsfeld with Saddam)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran-Iraq_war

team b posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#team.b

In the early 90s, Bush1 is president and Cheney is SECDEF. Sat. photo recon analyst told white house that saddam was marshaling forces to invade Kuwait. White house said that saddam would do no such thing and proceeded to discredit the analyst. Later the analyst informed the white house that saddam was marshaling forces to invade Saudi Arabia, now the white house has to choose between saddam and the Saudis.
https://www.amazon.com/Long-Strange-Journey-Intelligence-ebook/dp/B004NNV5H2/

This century, Bush2 is president, Cheney is VP, Rumsfeld is SECDEF and one of the "Team B" members is deputy SECDEF (and major architect of Iraq policy).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz

Originally the invasion was justified on Iraq supporting Al Qaeda and it would only cost $50B (now heading for 100 times that). That was then changed to WMD. last decade, cousin of white house chief of staff Card ... was dealing with the Iraqis at the UN and was given evidence that WMDs (tracing back to US in the Iran/Iraq war) had been decommissioned. the cousin shared it with Card, Powell and others ... then is locked up in military hospital, book was published in 2010 (before decommissioned WMDs were declassified)
https://www.amazon.com/EXTREME-PREJUDICE-Terrifying-Story-Patriot-ebook/dp/B004HYHBK2/

NY Times series from 2014, the decommissioned WMDs (tracing back to US from Iran/Iraq war), had been found early in the invasion, but the information was classified for a decade
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/10/14/world/middleeast/us-casualties-of-iraq-chemical-weapons.html

WMD posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#wmds

also note that 80s VP (and former director of CIA) repeatedly claiming no knowledge of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Contra_affair
because he was fulltime administration point person deregulating financial industry ... creating S&L crisis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_and_loan_crisis
along with other members of his family
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_and_loan_crisis#Silverado_Savings_and_Loan
and another
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE0D81E3BF937A25753C1A966958260

last decade, another family member presides over the economic mess, 70 times larger than the S&L crisis, proportionally there should have been 70,000 criminal convictions (with jailtimes), so far nobody has even been charged. Not only was the budget wrecked last decade, but they also did over $27T damage to the economy with the economic mess (and estimate the two wars are headed for well over $5T, including long term veterans benefits).

S&L crisis posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#s&l.crisis
economic mess posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#economic.mess
perpetual war posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#perpetual.war
military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Economists and the Powerful: Convenient Theories, Distorted Facts, Ample Rewards

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Economists and the Powerful: Convenient Theories, Distorted Facts, Ample Rewards
Date: 07 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#83

Tyler Cowen, Koch Brothers Funding, Mercatus Center, George Mason University, and Academic Freedom
https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2018/05/tyler-cowen-koch-brothers-funiding-mercatus-center-george-mason-university-academic-freedom.html
Two points: first, this is as clear an admission as one could possibly expect from a university president that norms of "academic independence" have been violated at his/her institution.

Second, Cabrera asserts that the problem has been corrected since he arrived at GMU. It's hard to say whether to credit this denial. The date of the latest disclosed agreement is 2011. Absent access to subsequent agreements, we simply cannot know whether Cabrera is telling us the truth. It's a cliche but no less true that it's difficult to prove a negative. In the case of the law school (discussed above), what the provost said the agreements said was simply not true. I suppose we'll have to wait to see how the litigation pays out before we know whether there will be any more such agreements disclosed.

... snip ...

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

The G.O.P. Tax Cut Is Draining the Treasury Even Faster Than Expected

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: The G.O.P. Tax Cut Is Draining the Treasury Even Faster Than Expected
Date: 07 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#88
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#90

unless somebody has hacked the FORBES website, this from "arch-conservative former Republican presidential candidate and WELL-known for its pro-biz, pro-wealth, pro-free market positions"

On The Deficit, GOP Has Been Playing Us All For Suckers
https://www.forbes.com/sites/stancollender/2018/04/15/on-the-deficit-gop-has-been-playing-us-all-for-suckers/

selected just ten points from their confidence game, #4:
4. Enacted a huge tax cut that skyrocketed the deficit and a $1.3 trillion fiscal 2019 omnibus appropriation that increased it further and then insisted that the real problem is Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid.
... snip ...

fiscal responsibility act posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#fiscal.responsibility.act

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Barb

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Barb
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 08 May 2018 20:38:31 -0700
Dan Espen <dan1espen@gmail.com> writes:
Yep, Obama tried to destroy the country by raising gas prices.

??? CFTC use to have rule that players needed significant position in commodity to play because they found speculators resulted in wild, irrational price swings ... then 19 "secret" letters went out to speculators allowing them to play ... resulting in the huge spike in oil & gas summer of 2008 (speculators pump & dump on the way up and then short on the way down, their specialty is wild volatility that the manage).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000s_energy_crisis
https://blog.euromonitor.com/2008/08/special-report-the-1979-vs-2008-oil-spike.html
gas hit over $4/gal
https://www.treehugger.com/cars/2008-us-gas-price-year-in-review.html

Griftopia: A Story of Bankers, Politicians, and the Most Audacious Power Grab in American History
https://www.amazon.com/Griftopia-Machines-Vampire-Breaking-America-ebook/dp/B003F3FJS2/
The Great American Bubble Machine
https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/the-great-american-bubble-machine-20100405
Wikileaks: Speculators Helped Cause Oil Bubble
https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/wikileaks-cables-show-speculators-behind-oil-bubble-20110526

2011, member of congress released to the public/press the transactions showing the speculators responsible for the wild volatility. The funny thing is that the press then chastised the member of congress for violation of corporate privacy (aka corporations are people) ... rather than criticizing the speculators. post from 2011:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011k.html#76 FIA shocked and outraged after Senator leaks oil trading data
article
https://www.finextra.com/news/fullstory.aspx?newsitemid=22911
Explaining his decision to leak, Sanders says: "This report clearly shows that in the summer of 2008 when gas prices spiked to more than $4 a gallon, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and other speculators on Wall Street dominated the crude oil futures market causing tremendous damage to the entire economy. The CFTC has kept this information hidden from the American public for nearly three years. That is an outrage."
... snip ...

2011 Congressional Resarch Service (at moment website isn't answering)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service_reports
Hedge Fund Speculation and Oil Price
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41902.pdf
and: Speculation, Fundamentals, and Oil Prices
https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=718960
more
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/

posts mentioning Griftopia
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#griftopia

turns out some of the same players were responsible for the economic mess. Originally they paid for triple-A rating on toxic CDOs (securitized mortgages) when the rating agencies knew weren't worth triple-A (from Oct2008 congressional testimony into the role that rating agencies played). That initially allowed them to start doing no-documentation, liar loans, securitize, pay for triple-A and unload as fast as they could be made (eliminating any need to care about borrowers' qualifications and/or loan quality) ... in part opening up selling to investors that are restricted to only dealing in "safe" investments ... like big pension funds (significant contribution to being able to do over $27T 2001-2008).

Then they find that they can design toxic CDOs to fail, pay for triple-A, sell to customers and then take out CDS gambling bets that they would fail ... now they cared about loan quality ... but not in good way. The largest holder of these CDS gambling bets was AIG and negotiating to pay off at 50cents on the dollar, when the SECTREAS steps in and has them sign a document that they can't sue those making the CDS gambling bets and take TARP funds to pay off at face value. The largest recipient of TARP funds is AIG and the largest recipient of face value payoffs is the firm formally headed by SECTREAS.

posts mentioning economic mess
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#economic.mess
posts mentioning (triple-A rated) toxic CDOs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#toxic.cdo

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Barb

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Barb
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 09 May 2018 09:49:33 -0700
Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
2011, member of congress released to the public/press the transactions showing the speculators responsible for the wild volatility. The funny thing is that the press then chastised the member of congress for violation of corporate privacy (aka corporations are people) ... rather than criticizing the speculators. post from 2011:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011k.html#76 FIA shocked and outraged after Senator leaks oil trading data


re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#93 Barb

and more drift, "corporations are people", We the Corporations: How American Businesses Won Their Civil Rights
https://www.amazon.com/We-Corporations-American-Businesses-Rights-ebook/dp/B01M64LRDJ/

pgxi/loc45-50:
IN DECEMBER 1882, ROSCOE CONKLING, A FORMER SENATOR and close confidant of President Chester Arthur, appeared before the justices of the Supreme Court of the United States to argue that corporations like his client, the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, were entitled to equal rights under the Fourteenth Amendment. Although that provision of the Constitution said that no state shall "deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law" or "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws," Conkling insisted the amendment's drafters intended to cover business corporations too.
... snip ...

Conkling in his arguments claimed that the authors of 14th amendment had intended to include "corporations" in addition to "persons", but failed to add the wording in the final text. Later somebody reviewed all the notes by the authors and found no such reference to corporations (Conkling had fabricated his argument before the Supreme Court).

pgxiv/loc74-78:
Between 1868, when the amendment was ratified, and 1912, when a scholar set out to identify every Fourteenth Amendment case heard by the Supreme Court, the justices decided 28 cases dealing with the rights of African Americans—and an astonishing 312 cases dealing with the rights of corporations.

pgxviii/loc132-36:
For most of American history, the Supreme Court failed to protect the dispossessed and the marginalized, with the justices claiming to be powerless in the face of hostile public sentiment. As we will see, however, the court's record on corporate rights was much different. In 1809, the Supreme Court decided the first case on the constitutional rights of corporations, decades before the first comparable cases for women or racial minorities. And unlike women and minorities, who lost nearly all of their early cases, corporations won that first case—and have compiled an impressive list of victories in the years since.

pg229/loc3667-68:
IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, CORPORATIONS WON LIBERTY RIGHTS, SUCH AS FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND RELIGION, WITH THE HELP OF ORGANIZATIONS LIKE THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.
... snip ...

Tobacco industry is fighting back against anti-tobacco with scientists for hire, Merchants of Doubt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchants_of_Doubt
http://www.merchantsofdoubt.org/
https://www.amazon.com/Merchants-Doubt-Handful-Scientists-Obscured-ebook/dp/B003RRXXO8/

but loosing out to Nader and public citizen groups.

pg278/loc4393-94:
CHAPTER 9 The Corporation's Justice
... snip ...

Has tobacco industry then fighting back with board member appointed to supreme court and "capturing" the national chamber of commerce for corporations to gain 1st amendment rights.

"The Influence Machine: The U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the Corporate Capture of American Life"
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00NDTUDHA/

recent refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#52 We the Corporations: How American Businesses Won Their Civil Rights
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#54 We the Corporations: How American Businesses Won Their Civil Rights

older chamber of commerce:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014m.html#110 LEO
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015f.html#90 1973--TI 8 digit electric calculator--$99.95
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015f.html#91 1973--TI 8 digit electric calculator--$99.95
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015f.html#92 1973--TI 8 digit electric calculator--$99.95
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015g.html#38 1973--TI 8 digit electric calculator--$99.95
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016.html#44 Thanks Obama
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016b.html#102 Qbasic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016c.html#18 Qbasic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#103 Minimum Wage
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#106 Minimum Wage
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#63 One Nation Under God: How Corporate America Invented Christian America
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#77 Trump's crackdown focuses on people in the U.S. illegally - but not on the businesses that hire them
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#9 Which States Account for Our Trade Deficit with Mexico?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#67 Pushing Out Immigrants Isn't About the Economy
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#45 More Guns Do Not Stop More Crimes, Evidence Shows
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#72 Doubts about the HR departments that require knowledge of technology that does not exist

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Tandem Memos

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Tandem Memos
Date: 10 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
from IBMJARGON:
Tandem Memos - n. Something constructive but hard to control; a fresh of breath air (sic). That's another Tandem Memos. A phrase to worry middle management. It refers to the computer-based conference (widely distributed in 1981) in which many technical personnel expressed dissatisfaction with the tools available to them at that time, and also constructively criticized the way products were [are] developed. The memos are required reading for anyone with a serious interest in quality products. If you have not seen the memos, try reading the November 1981 Datamation summary.

Datamation put a slightly different spin on "Tandem Memos", Emmett, R. 1981, "VNET or gripenet?" Datamation, Vol. 27, No. 12 (November), pp.48-58. Lots of online citations but web search doesn't turn up copy. They garbled it with the "gripenet" bit ... however, end of the article (pg58):
There is a rumor that Wheeler may leave IBM and join his former colleagues on the outside as consultant. "Right now he's pure gold whatever way you slice him up," says one source. "IBM needs him and the outside companies would probably pay anything to get him." However you look at this ug of war, it can only be good news for IBM's VM users. "An enormous shop window is opening for them." said one observer. "And what they'll discover in that window is a very powerful tool to control their own destinies--and not have IBM do it."
... snip ...

I had worked with Jim Gray at Research on number of things, including the original SQL/relational implementation, System/R. He left IBM for Tandem (palming some number of things on me). Tandem memos started with a "trip" report I had distributed after a visit to Jim at Tandem.

Paper copies of tandem memos had been printed off and placed in 3-ring "Tandem" binders along with an executive summary and an executive summary of the executive summary and mailed to each member of the corporate executive committee. A few years after having left IBM, I found somebody had left one such (in an "IBM" 3-ring binder) on my front porch.

I was blamed for online computer conferencing (precursor to social media) on the internal network (larger than arpanet/internet from just about the beginning until sometime mid-80s). Folklore is that when corporate executive committee was told abut online computer conferencing (and the internal network), 5of6 wanted to fire me. I was told that there was group that tried to get me promoted to the highest technical position, but with five of the executive committee wanting to fire me, it was never going to happen (supposedly position was increasingly becoming political). However the sixth did provide funding out of his office for doing projects (almost as if I had the position, w/o the title).

computer conferencing posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#cmc
internal network posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet
system/R posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#systemr

One of the projects I called HSDT with T1 (1.5mbit/sec and faster links). We were working with director of NSF and were suppose to get $20M to interconnect the NSF supercomputer centers. Then congress cuts the budget, some other things happen, and finally NSF releases an RFP (in part based on what we already had running) and internal politics prevents us from bidding. The NSF director tries to help, writing the company a letter 3Apr1986, NSF Director to IBM Chief Scientist and IBM Senior VP and director of Research, copying IBM CEO) with support from other agencies, but that just makes the internal politics worse (as does comments that what we already had running was at least 5yrs ahead of all RFP responses). As regional networks connect into the centers it morphs into the NSFNET backbone (precursor to modern internet).
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/401444/grid-computing/

some old email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#nsfnet

also the communication group was distributing a lot of misinformation that SNA/VTAM could be used for the NSF project. Somebody had collected a lot of their emails and a copy was sent to us ... heavily snipped and redacted to protect the guilty:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#email870109

HSDT posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt
NSF posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#nsfnet

This was also in the period that the communication group was distributing a lot of misinformation that the internal network had to be converted to SNA/VTAM (or otherwise a lot of stuff would stop working). We had developed some stuff that significantly improved throughput of the internal network backbone ... including supporting sustained T1 (and faster) networks (aka communication group products were limited to 56kbit/sec links). Then the communication group got the internal network backbone meetings restricted to management only (not wanting their position confused with technical facts). some old email reference:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#email870302
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011.html#email870306

trivia: the last product that my wife and I did before leaving IBM in '92 was RS/6000 HA/CMP
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_High_Availability_Cluster_Multiprocessing
We were also doing commercial cluster scale-up with RDBMS vendors and scientific/technical cluster scale-up with national labs. reference to Jan1992 meeting in Ellison's conference room on commercial cluster scale-up
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13

within a few weeks of the Ellison meeting, cluster scale-up was transferred to IBM Kingston, announced as IBM supercomputer (for technical/scientific *ONLY*), and we were told that we couldn't work on anything with more than four processors. Likely contributing factor was that the (mainframe) DB2 group had been complaining that if we were allowed to go ahead, it would be at least five years ahead of them. Note some of the people involved in the transfer, also show up in the previously mentioned collection of communication group SNA/VTAM misinformation email. A few months later we depart the company, some old email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#medusa
17Feb1992 press, for scientific/technical "ONLY" (with similar dates/reference that we gave in Ellison meeting)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters1
11May1992 press, surprised by national lab interest
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters2

HA/CMP posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp

trivia: later two of the Oracle people (mentioned in the Ellison meeting) have also left Oracle and are at a small client/server startup responsible for something called the "commerce server". We are brought in as consultants because they want to do payment transactions on their server, the startup had also invented this technology they called "SSL" they want to use ... the result is now frequently called "electronic commerce".

In part for doing "electronic commerce", we get sucked into working on other financial implementations as well as X9 financial standards. This is reference to some of the work at the 1999 world-wide retail banking show, BAI
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#224
the press release (in the post) includes some of the companies helping. Turns out that CEO of one of the companies was previously the head of mainframe POK and then went on to be head of Boca (PS2/OS2), before leaving IBM. this is some of the financial and security related patents that we did
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadssummary.htm

AADS refs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#aads
X9.59 standards refs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#x959

and old post from 2009 about (then) recent z/VM and pureScale announcements ... that I call "From the Annals of Release No Software Before Its Time"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009p.html#43
similar recent z/VM thread in ibm-main mailing list (archived here in google groups)
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/bit.listserv.ibm-main/ID6QGRp_Erk

Some (later) Tandem trivia: One of the financial standards/implementation things I was working on, involved ATM cash machines. Attalla was/is maker of ATM security products ... and they sponsored a conference for me in Jan1999. Atalla had been bought by Tandem (which is heavily used in ATM networks) and the conference was hosted at Tandem hdqtrs in Cupertino. Long winded writeup by one of the participants
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay3.htm#riskm

Later same year had booths at the world-wide retail banking show (BAI) mentioned previously.

NACHA was also looking at doing an ATM pilot, we weren't NACHA members so proposal was submitted by a member, 14Sept1998, NSCC, it was before they merged with DTC to form DTCC
http://www.dtcc.com/about/businesses-and-subsidiaries/nscc
proposal
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/nacharfi.htm
results gone 404, but lives on at wayback machine, 23July2001 item
https://web.archive.org/web/20070706004855/http://internetcouncil.nacha.org/News/news.html

from long ago and far away, very first email in sequence
Date: 04/02/81 17:13:54
From: wheeler
re: visit to Tandem & Jim Gray

Tandem system written in high level language. In all the time Gray has been there, the system has never gone down. There have been two power failures in that time tho. For the duration of the power failure system operation was "suspended". When power came back on, operation resumed from the point where it was interrupted. Only complaint was that the grafic displays don't have emergency power supply so that any modifications to the screen at the time of the failure were lost. Somebody (didn't get his name but have seen him around) from STL IMS design had just joined Tandem two weeks earlier. Pay is attractive, also stock plan is option to buy any time within two years. Gray said typical offer is somewhere around a stock a day. Apparently stock has gone up 10 pts(?) in last month or so & there are lots of people at Tandem that are tens of thousands of dollars richer. Over next year Tandem is good stock buy even if you don't join company. 3x5 pictures of everyone in software & firmware plus new hardware design all fit on one cork board. Average productivity for the software group (which includes design, documentation, implementation, debug, & the first year maintenance) is over 10,000 lines of code per year. Software people carry a project completely thru from design to having responsibility for 1st year maintenance. They also have a large share in the monthly lease of any product they produce. Four people who just had a new software product announce got $25k each which represents their share of just the initial three months of the product lease (this is over and above their salary). Which is pretty good for 1) new product announcement (sales should increase) and 2) percentage take on each install.

... snip ... top of post, old email index

somewhat related, some email about Gray leaving IBM fall of 1980 and "MIPENVY" that he left in departing:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007d.html#email800920
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#email801006
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#email801016

also at Dec1981 ACM SIGOPS meeting, Gray asked me if I could help a coworker of his with Stanford Phd ... and I said yes ... however IBM management blocked me from sending a response for nearly a year ... hopefully as punishment for Tandem Memos and other transgressions ... as opposed to taking sides in academic dispute) ... eventually allowed to send response ... even more strange was all the information for helping with the Stanford Phd was work I had done as undergraduate in the 60s before joining IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#email821019
archived in this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#46

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

All 50 states now have data breach notification laws

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: All 50 states now have data breach notification laws
Date: 10 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
All 50 states now have data breach notification laws
https://gcn.com/articles/2018/05/01/alabama-data-breach-law.aspx

almost 20yrs ago we were brought in to help wordsmith some Cal. state legislation. At the time they were working on electronic signature, (original) data breach notification and opt-in personal information sharing legislation. Several of the participants were heavily into privacy issues and had done indepth, detailed public surveys. The #1 problem was identity theft involving fraudulent financial transactions, frequently involving information obtain from breaches. At the time there was little or nothing being done and it was hoped that the publicity from notifications might prompt corrective action. The issue is that entities will take security measures in self-protection(/interest) ... however in these breaches, the institutions weren't at risk, it was the public.

data breach notification posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#data.breach.notification.notification

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

PwC Whistleblower Alleges Fraud in Audits of Silicon Valley Companies

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: PwC Whistleblower Alleges Fraud in Audits of Silicon Valley Companies
Date: 10 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
PwC Whistleblower Alleges Fraud in Audits of Silicon Valley Companies
http://www.pogo.org/our-work/articles/2018/pwc-whistleblower-faults-silicon-valley-auditing.html

rhetoric on floor of congress was that Sarbanes-Oxley would prevent future ENRONs and guarantee that executives and auditors did jail time, however SOX required that SEC do something. Possibly because even GAO didn't believe SEC was doing anything, it started doing reports of public company fraudulent financial filings, even show increase/uptic after SOX goes into effect (and nobody doing jailtime).

one of GAO reports
https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-06-1053R

enron posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#enron
Sarbanes-Oxley posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#sarbanes-oxley
GAO financial reporting fraud
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#financial.reporting.fraud.fraud
whistleblower posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#whistleblower

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Report: Walmart Workers Cost Taxpayers $6.2 Billion In Public Assistance

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Report: Walmart Workers Cost Taxpayers $6.2 Billion In Public Assistance
Date: 10 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
Report: Walmart Workers Cost Taxpayers $6.2 Billion In Public Assistance
https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2014/04/15/report-walmart-workers-cost-taxpayers-6-2-billion-in-public-assistance/

late 90s, GAO generated report for congress about workers being paid less than living wage, was costing in public assistance ... avg. $10k/year/worker ... which was basically a gov. subsidy for those companies. For whatever reason, I haven't been able to find anything this century requesting GAO updates on the topic.

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Trump to Drop Call for Medicare to Negotiate Lower Drug Prices

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Trump to Drop Call for Medicare to Negotiate Lower Drug Prices
Date: 10 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
Trump to Drop Call for Medicare to Negotiate Lower Drug Prices
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/10/us/politics/trump-prescription-drug-costs.html

First major bill after fiscal responsibility act (spending can't exceed tax revenue) lapse in 2002, was Medicare part-d in 2003. CBS 60mins had expose where the 18 republicans responsible for getting the bill passed made a one line change just before the final vote and prevents CBO from distributing analysis of the change. Change was to preclude competitive bidding (CBS showed drugs under part-D were three times the price of identical drugs with competitive bidding). Within six months of the bill passing, all 18 have resigned and are on drug industry payroll. At least by 2005, US Comptroller General is including in speeches that nobody in congress was capable of middle school arithmetic (for how badly they were savaging the budget) and that Medicare Part-D comes to be a long term $40T item, swamping all other budget items.

Medicare part-d posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#medicare.part-d
fiscal responsibility act posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#fiscal.responsibility.act
US Comptroller General posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#comptroller.general

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Barb

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Barb
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 11 May 2018 10:24:23 -0700
ACA and like ilk have been peddled on "single payer" ... to address the enormous rise in costs and profits by the health care industry.

there was some news about numerous meetings (lobbying by any other name) by the health care industry with both the executive and legislative branches just before ACA final vote ... and single payer disappears from ACA. After ACA there is even greater increase in profits (along with news about huge increase executive compensation ... rewards for doing something).

there had been big spike in private equity buying up beltway bandits and gov. contractors after the start of the century ... big factor was beltway bandits and gov. contractors had significant limitations on how much they could spend on lobbying ... however private equity owners seem to have no similar restriction

Barbarians at the Capitol: Private Equity, Public Enemy
http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2007/10/barbarians-capitol-private-equity-public-enemy/
Lou Gerstner, former ceo of ibm, now heads the Carlyle Group, a Washington-based global private equity firm whose 2006 revenues of $87 billion were just a few billion below ibm's. Carlyle has boasted George H.W. Bush, George W. Bush, and former Secretary of State James Baker III on its employee roster
... including acquiring beltway bandit that will employ Snowden.

then after ACA there were similar stories about private equity making big move into health care ... buying up rest homes, hospitals, etc.

private equity posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#private.equity
AMEX, Private Equity, IBM related Gerstner posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#gerstner

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Barb

Refed: **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Barb
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 11 May 2018 10:46:45 -0700
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#100 Barb

health care and drug industry heavily into all administrations

Trump to Drop Call for Medicare to Negotiate Lower Drug Prices
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/10/us/politics/trump-prescription-drug-costs.html

First major bill after fiscal responsibility act (spending can't exceed tax revenue) lapse in 2002, was Medicare part-d in 2003. CBS 60mins had expose where the 18 republicans responsible for getting the bill passed made a one line change just before the final vote and prevents CBO from distributing analysis of the change. Change was to preclude competitive bidding (CBS showed drugs under part-D were three times the price of identical drugs with competitive bidding). Within six months of the bill passing, all 18 have resigned and are on drug industry payroll. At least by 2005, US Comptroller General is including in speeches that nobody in congress was capable of middle school arithmetic (for how badly they were savaging the budget) and that Medicare Part-D comes to be a long term $40T item, swamping all other budget items.

Medicare part-d posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#medicare.part-d
fiscal responsibility act posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#fiscal.responsibility.act
US Comptroller General posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#comptroller.general

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Cyberattack on Tennessee election website preceded outage

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Cyberattack on Tennessee election website preceded outage
Date: 11 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
Cyberattack on Tennessee election website preceded outage
https://phys.org/news/2018-05-cyberattack-tennessee-election-website-outage.html

periodically over the past 15-20yrs there have been presentations at computer conferences about voting machine vulnerabilities. However periodically there are also attempts by voting machine vendors to prevent such presentations ... claiming things like it will involve discussing details that are strictly copyrighted.

from 2003: Hack The Vote
https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/02/opinion/hack-the-vote.html

from 2006, Major Vulnerability Found in Diebold Election Machines
https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2006/05/election_machin_1.html
Report Claims Very Serious Diebold Voting Machine Flaws
https://freedom-to-tinker.com/2006/05/11/report-claims-very-serious-diebold-voting-machine-flaws/

more recent

How to Hack an Election in 7 Minutes; With Russia already meddling in 2016, a ragtag group of obsessive tech experts is warning that stealing the ultimate prize--victory on Nov. 8--would be child's play.
https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/08/2016-elections-russia-hack-how-to-hack-an-election-in-seven-minutes-214144

old discussion including electronic voting reference:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm5.htm#epaym "e-payments" email discussion list is now "Internet-payments"

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Barb

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Barb
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 11 May 2018 18:55:41 -0700
Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
ACA and like ilk have been peddled on "single payer" ... to address the enormous rise in costs and profits by the health care industry.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#100 Barb
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#101 Barb

Progressives and Conservatives Agree: Single Payer Healthcare Is Inevitable
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/rob-stone-md/progressives-and-conserva_b_676488.html
http://pnhp.org/blog/2010/08/10/progressives-and-conservatives-agree-single-payer-healthcare-is-inevitable/
Everyone loves to pick on the Affordable Care Act (ACA), and well they should. This 2,000+ page contraption, this heap of handouts to the special interest lobbyists with a few shiny baubles thrown in to placate the common folk, was not only written by the for-profit health insurance industry but now will be implemented by former WellPoint/Anthem Vice President Liz Fowler who actually penned much of the law in her role as Max Baucus' chief healthcare counsel for the Senate Finance Committee.
... snip ...

lots of articles from 2010 about ACA primarily handouts for special interests ... but all that seems to be forgotton now.

Sick and Wrong; How Washington is screwing up health care reform -- and why it may take a revolt to fix it
https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/sick-and-wrong-20100405
Fully $350 billion a year could be saved on paperwork alone if the U.S. went to a single-payer system -- more than enough to pay for the whole goddamned thing
... snip ..

past posts referencing washington politics as "Kabuki Theater" ... what you see has very little with what is really going on ... more like Roman Circus to distract the public
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#kabuki.theater

also "Kabuki dance"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabuki_dance
Representative Rosa DeLauro, a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Connecticut, also used the term to refer to the Republican Party effort to repeal the 2010 health care reform act, telling reporters, "It's a kabuki dance. The fact of the matter is we're not going to repeal it."
... snip ...

if all the medical & drug industry special interests that were the primary beneficiaries of ACA really were against it, it would have never passed (and on the off-chance it managed to pass, it would have been immediately repealed).

Kabuki
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabuki
This article is about Japanese theater. For American political pretense, see Kabuki dance. For other uses, see Kabuki (disambiguation). Not to be confused with noh theater.
... snip ...

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Iran shrink-wrapped $100 Payments

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Iran shrink-wrapped $100 Payments
Date: 11 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
How about somewhere between $16B and $60B in pallets of shrink wrapped $100 bills air-lifted to Iraq last decade (most of which apparently just disappears after it arrives).

Note also the too big to fail have been repeatedly caught money laundering billions for drug cartels and terrorists ... they had their hands slapped and asked to please stop (it was when the references to too big to prosecute and too big to jail started showing up) ... also claimed that it played significant factor in drug cartels being able to acquire large amounts of military grade weapons.

too big to fail (too big to prosecute, too big to jail) posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#too-big-to-fail
money laundering posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#money.laundering

Local DC news will periodically make reference to DC politics as Kabuki Theater ... what you see in DC politics (including apparent conflict between the two parties) has very little with what is really going on ... mostly staged to distract the public ... sort of like Roman Circus.

history of term in politics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabuki_dance

Kabuki theater posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#kabuki.theater

where does $400M come from ... placed in (interest bearing) escrow account in 1979.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_frozen_assets
rule of 144 ... how long to quadruple with compound interest
http://optionsatoz.com/Financial_Calculations.html
5% 28.4yrs

2016-1979 ... 37yrs


$1.7B is smidge over quadruple ... they don't say exactly what was avg. compound interest for those 37yrs ... but approx. 4% +/-

some more detail ... lots more than just that $400M ... other funds impounded minus judgments against Iran
http://time.com/4441046/400-million-iran-hostage-history

what they revolted against (extremely violent and repressive regime), Iran elected leader was going to review the Anglo-Persian contracts ... CIA Confirms Role in 1953 Iran Coup
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB435/
including
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kermit_Roosevelt,_Jr.
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat
and to help keep the Shah in power, US (including Norman Schwarzkopf senior) trained
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAVAK

The World Crisis, Vol. 1,
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00FFD2DP2/

Churchill explains the mess in middle east started before WW1, in 1910 with move from 13.5in to 15in guns (which requires moving from coal to oil),

loc2012-14:
From the beginning there appeared a ship carrying ten 15-inch guns, and therefore at least 600 feet long with room inside her for engines which would drive her 21 knots and capacity to carry armour which on the armoured belt, the turrets and the conning tower would reach the thickness unprecedented in the British Service of 13 inches.

loc2087-89:
To build any large additional number of oil-burning ships meant basing our naval supremacy upon oil. But oil was not found in appreciable quantities in our islands. If we required it, we must carry it by sea in peace or war from distant countries.

loc2151-56:
This led to enormous expense and to tremendous opposition on the Naval Estimates. Yet it was absolutely impossible to turn back. We could only fight our way forward, and finally we found our way to the Anglo-Persian Oil agreement and contract, which for an initial investment of two millions of public money (subsequently increased to five millions) has not only secured to the Navy a very substantial proportion of its oil supply, but has led to the acquisition by the Government of a controlling share in oil properties and interests which are at present valued at scores of millions sterling, and also to very considerable economies, which are still continuing, in the purchase price of Admiralty oil.
... snip ...

in 1953, elected Iran leader wanted to review those contracts.

recently (re-)watched "Reilly, Ace of Spies" ... episode one is set in 1901 and all about Reilly stealing detailed middle east oil surveys from the Russians for the British Admiralty

posts referencing "world crisis" work
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016d.html#78 The World Crisis, Vol. 1
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016d.html#85 The World Crisis, Vol. 1
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016e.html#30 The World Crisis, Vol. 1
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016e.html#66 Dinosaurisation of we oldies?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016e.html#70 E.R. Burroughs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016e.html#72 Dinosaurisation of we oldies?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016e.html#75 Dinosaurisation of we oldies?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016e.html#84 E.R. Burroughs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016e.html#90 Google and Facebook put their fierce rivalry aside to save money in this key area
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#21 US and UK have staged coups before
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#23 Frieden calculator
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#36 "I used a real computer at home...and so will you" (Popular Science May 1967)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#72 A Coal Fire May Have Helped Sink the 'Titanic'
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#33 CBS News: WikiLeaks claims to release thousands of CIA documents of computer activity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#90 Economist, Harry Dent Hints: Global Banks Facing a Serious Crisis in Months Ahead
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#97 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#104 Iraq, Longest War
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#115 When It Comes to the War in the Greater Middle East, Maybe We're the Bad Guys
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#14 Predicting the future in five years as seen from 1983
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#82 DEC and HVAC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#30 free, huh, was Bitcoin confusion?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#105 CIA Caught Between Operational Security and Analytical Quality In 1953 Iran Coup Planning
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#59 America's War for the Greater Middle East: A Military History

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Trump to Drop Call for Medicare to Negotiate Lower Drug Prices

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Trump to Drop Call for Medicare to Negotiate Lower Drug Prices
Date: 12 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#99 Trump to Drop Call for Medicare to Negotiate Lower Drug Prices

Trump's Plan On Prescription Drug Prices Looks Nothing Like What He Promised
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/trump-pharma-drug-prices_us_5af5920de4b032b10bf9eaa7

6 Takeaways From Trump's Plans to Try to Lower Drug Prices
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/11/health/trump-drug-prices.html?smid=fb-nytimes&smtyp=cur
But in a much-anticipated speech on the topic on Friday, Mr. Trump largely avoided the issues the industry fears the most, such as allowing Medicare to directly negotiate drug prices, or allowing Americans to import drugs. Investors noticed: Stocks of major drug companies rose after his speech, as did those of pharmacy benefit managers, or the "middlemen" that Mr. Trump said were getting "very, very rich."
... snip ...

Medicare part-d posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#medicare.part-d

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Has Microsoft commuted suicide

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Has Microsoft commuted suicide ...
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 13 May 2018 12:28:38 -0700
Ahem A Rivet's Shot <steveo@eircom.net> writes:
I have seen far more Linux/unix dominated data centres than Windows dominated ones - but then that is to be expected given my CV. A Windows specialist will have no doubt seen exactly the opposite to me. Very few (if any) people work evenly in both worlds.

early 90s with the rise of cluster supercomputers and cluster cloud megadatacenters ... they needed full source to adapt the operating system paradigm to clustering operating ... leaving the closed source systems in the dust.

massive cluster operations have also been saying for over a decade that they assemble their own blades for 1/3rd the price of brand name blades.

middle of this decade, server chip makers were saying that they had started shipping over half of their chips to the massive cluster operations (cloud and supercomputers).

you then saw things like IBM unloading its server business (i.e. server computing was increasing becoming commodity, low-profit ... the massive cloud megadatacenters viewing server price as a cost rather than profit).

you also then saw the closed source operations making changes to emulate the open source cluster operations (which had somewhat evolved trial&error over a couple decades). they still aren't as agile and adaptable as the open source platforms ... but they apparently believe that the cluster paradigm has somewhat stabilized to a point where they can afford to emulate it (especially as more & more computing moving to that model).

There was also old IBM adage about letting others blaze the trail while IBM can afford to wait and reap the benefits later (however, in this case, the waiting cost them).

there is tally that the linux based computers out number aggregate of all others by possibly factor of 100 times ... when you include all the smart/intelligent devices like TVs (smart devices also needed operating system source to adapt to their paradigm).

similar post in afc thread last year
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#47 When did the home computer die
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#48 When did the home computer die

includes old Reistad reference (before he passes), 70% of the total "real" computers run linux ... not counting embedded, process, smart devices ... autos with ten or more linux systems, and typical home with over 30 linux systems.

google group afc archive
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/alt.folklore.computers/EtH9DiVFLhY
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/alt.folklore.computers/zct3VqQoAs0%5B651-675%5D

there is also the old comment that you tell the scouts out in front of everybody else by the arrows in their back (we personally experienced a lot of it at IBM).

a couple previous posts in this thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#64 Has Microsoft commuted suicide
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#69 Has Microsoft commuted suicide

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Post WW2 red hunt

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Post WW2 red hunt
Date: 13 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
The Battle of Bretton Woods: John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White, and the Making of a New World Order
https://www.amazon.com/Battle-Bretton-Woods-Relations-University-ebook/dp/B00B5ZQ72Y/

which covers some about Harry Dexter White (assistant secretary of treasury) under Soviet influence and Stalin sent him draft for White to include in US diplomatic demands to provoke Japan into attacking US (aka Pearl Harbor), drawing US into war with Germany
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull_note#Interpretations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Dexter_White#Venona_project
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venona_project

also in 1943, White as agent for Stalin, diverts $200M of congressional appropriations for (China) Nationalists

Milton Miles book ("Different Kind of War")
https://www.amazon.com/Different-Kind-War-little-known-guerrilla/dp/B0006BQ5XY/

first half was about going into china to setup coastal watchers but then spent much of the rest training 50,000 guerrillas fighting the Japanese. He then spends the last half of the book about how OSS and Army gave china to the communists. They came in and wanted to take over the whole (Nationalists) operation. The US Navy and Nationalists rebuffed them, so to get something they could take credit for, they support the communists. Also has Marshall supporting Army, both as chief of staff and then later SECSTATE (47-49).

Then 1949 China White Paper somewhat trying to absolve state for giving China to the Communists ... possible excuse was Marshall was preoccupied with Europe ... however there was also a lot of earlier placating Stalin because they believed they needed Soviets to defeat Japan.
https://archive.org/details/VanSlykeLymanTheChinaWhitePaper1949

The China Mission: George Marshall's Unfinished War, 1945-1947
https://www.amazon.com/China-Mission-Marshalls-Unfinished-1945-1947-ebook/dp/B073VXPBL2/

In Manchuria there was 1.5M Soviets fighting 1M Japanese. By comparison Okinawa, US had 600k fighting 76k Japanese. This covers a lot of Soviets in WW2, including Manchuria (after Germans had been defeated)
https://www.amazon.com/HISTORICAL-PERSPECTIVES-OPERATIONAL-ART-ANTHOLOGY-ebook/dp/B0086W3GX2/

Without giving China to the communists, there wouldn't have been Korea, and w/o Korea they wouldn't have been domino theory, and w/o domino theory, there wouldn't have been excuse for Vietnam.

This has lot about petty (and not so minor) washington bureaucrats, politicians, military ... constantly jockeying for their career (careerists) and doing the wrong things (regarding Vietnam), "The Road Not Taken: Edward Lansdale and the American Tragedy in Vietnam"
https://www.amazon.com/Road-Not-Taken-Lansdale-American-ebook/dp/B073VXL9RV/

On the other side, we have John Foster Dulles, major force in rebuilding German industry and military, 20s through the early 40s (and supporting Hitler and the Nazis)
https://www.amazon.com/Brothers-Foster-Dulles-Allen-Secret-ebook/dp/B00BY5QX1K/
... along with lots of major corporations. Some of the communist hunt after WW2 was to divert attention from all the "Nazis" (& the "good" Germans)

From the law of unintended consequences, when the 1943 Strategic Bombing Program needed German target information, they got it from wallstreet.

Later 5000 industrialists from across the US at conference in the NYC Waldorf-Astoria and because of the bad reputation they got for the depression and supporting the Nazis, they approve major propaganda campaign to equate capitalism with Christianity, results include adding "in god we trust" to money and "under god" to the pledge of allegiance.
https://www.amazon.com/One-Nation-Under-God-Corporate-ebook/dp/B00PWX7R56/

perpetual war posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#perpetual.war
military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

F-35

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: F-35
Date: 13 May 2018
Blog: Facebook
Air Force Risks Losing Third of F-35s If Upkeep Costs Aren't Cut
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-28/air-force-risks-losing-third-of-f-35s-if-upkeep-costs-aren-t-cut

This is F-22: Can't Fly Won't Die
http://nypost.com/2009/07/17/cant-fly-wont-die/
Pilots call high-maintenance aircraft "hangar queens." Well, the F-22's a hangar empress. After three expensive decades in development, the plane meets fewer than one-third of its specified requirements.

Anyway, an enemy wouldn't have to down a single F-22 to defeat it. Just strike the hi-tech maintenance sites, and it's game over. (In WWII, we didn't shoot down every Japanese Zero; we just sank their carriers.) The F-22 isn't going to operate off a dirt strip with a repair tent.

But this is all about lobbying, not about lobbing bombs. Cynically, Lockheed Martin distributed the F-22 workload to nearly every state, employing under-qualified sub-contractors to create local financial stakes in the program. Great politics -- but the result has been a quality collapse.

... snip ...

There were jokes at the time that F-22 couldn't be taken out in weather (because the stealth coating was very vulnerable especially to moisture). There are claims that since then, less moisture vulnerable coating has been developed, used for the F-35 and supposedly retrofitted to F-22 (however, there are concerns that new coating has lower structural integrity and subject to loss/wear at higher top-speed of F-22) ... F-22 constant LO restoration
http://www.tyndall.af.mil/News/Features/Display/Article/669883/lo-how-the-f-22-gets-its-stealth/

From initial F-35 prototype, there was a lot of cost reduction compromise ... originally assuming it would be bomb truck with F-22 flying cover to handle high threat opponents. Comparison analysis of F35 with other planes
http://www.ausairpower.net/jsf.html

has analysis of F35 radar signature at different radar frequencies involving different angles and portions of the frame (lots to say about how cost reduced and compromised stealth compared to original design)
http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-2009-01.html

The Strange Saga of the World's Most Expensive Weapon
https://www.playboy.com/read/the-strange-saga-of-the-world-s-most-expensive-weapon-1
"We're essentially putting almost all of our aviation eggs into one basket," Dan Grazier, a fellow at the Strauss Military Reform Project, tells Playboy. "The F-35 is designed to replace the F-16 and the A-10, and to a certain extent, the F-15. So basically all the small combat aircraft that aren't bombers are going to be replaced by this very flawed system."
... snip ...

Why the F-35 Isn't Good Enough for Japan
https://thediplomat.com/2018/04/why-the-f-35-isnt-good-enough-for-japan/
While the F-35 retains some radar evading capabilities, its radar cross section is over ten times greater than that of the F-22 making it far less survivable -- leading some analysts to term it a "pseudo stealthy" fighter. The F-35 has less than half the range of the larger F-22 and lacks the Raptor's advanced long ranged air-to-air missiles, which for an archipelago nation separated from its potential adversaries by vast seas are major shortcomings. As a single engine light platform with a small arsenal of just four air-to-air missiles, restricted to a below average speed of Mach 1.6 and a very low altitude relative to the Raptor, the F-15J, and elite twin engine Chinese fighters, the F-35 hardly presents an adequate solution to counter China's growing fleet of J-11 fighters -- let alone more advanced platforms more recently deployed by Beijing such as the Su-35 or J-20. Indeed, it was never designed for such an air superiority role.
... snip ...

since 2009 things haven't changed much, but little public detailed ongoing analysis (2013 from tyndall about constant LO restoration)
http://aviationweek.com/air-combat-safety/us-air-force-tackles-repair-f-22-stealth-coating
and
http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/the-big-problem-americas-stealth-f-22-raptor-america-cant-19420

with respect to cyber in above F-22 1.7M LOCs, compared to estimate for F-35 25M LOCs (code complexity increases non-linear) ... also spring 2015, DOD put latest generation of processor chips on export control (fall 2015, at supercomputer conference, China demonstrated they were producing their own, chips used for supercomputers, radar, missile guidance, drones, autonomous vehicles, etc). For instance, estimate that latest generation of processor chips could reduce number of transmit/receive pairs in AESA (77/81/83) by nearly factor of hundred w/o loss of capability.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN/APG-77
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN/APG-79
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN/APG-81
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN/APG-83

this is 2011 tutorial on radar (including military) but says it needs 3tflops for really advanced, which was beyond 2011 processing

2011 tutorial on DSP, FFT, Radar (part 3)
https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1278838
STAP (part 4)
https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1278878
SAR (part 5)
https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1278931

significant advances in digital power and processing spurred by autonomous vehicles, but also useful for military radar (2017 320 t-ops/sec, 100 times 2011 reference).
https://www.fastcompany.com/40479260/nvidia-debuts-a-new-supercomputer-to-power-robotic-taxis-and-delivery-trucks

Boyd would talk about original F15 was becoming stand-off missile platform ... he criticized that it was going to be another F111 ... and that the weight of the pivot more than offset any advantage of swing wing ... he redid the original design, eliminating the swing wing and cut the weight approx. in half.

He also told tale of asking to review the new USAF air-to-air missile (before vietnam). They showed him specs and video where it hit every time (with drone with flares). He said that it would be lucky to hit 10% of the time. He then asked what kind of guidance and they said heat seeking ... and he asked what kind of heat seeking and eventually got them to say pin point. He then asked them what is the hottest part of jet and they say the engine. He says no, it is the plume 30yards behind the jet. They gather up all the material and leave. Role forward to vietnam and he is correct. At one point the one-star in vietnam grounds all the fighters and swaps with (navy) sidewinders (which have better than twice the hit rate of USAF missile). The one-star lasts 3months before he called back to pentagon ... he had violated fundamental tenet ... he was reducing USAF budget .. and much worse increasing Navy budget (vietnam for the pentagon was about size of budget and size with respect to other services).

I've heard F35 stories about having thousands and that they could have half-dozen (stand-off) compared to one of opponent and overwhelm with missiles ... so actual F35 flt performance becomes less critical.

recent F-35 posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#51 The Not-So-Secret Way to Kill an F-22 or F-35 Stealth Fighter
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#15 China's claim it has 'quantum' radar may leave $17 billion F-35 naked
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#34 CBS News: WikiLeaks claims to release thousands of CIA documents of computer activity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#47 WikiLeaks CIA Dump: Washington's Data Security Is a Mess
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#51 F-35 Replacement: F-45 Mustang II Fighter -- Simple & Lightweight
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#61 [EXTERNAL] ComputerWorld Says: Cobol plays major role in U.S. government breaches
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#73 More Cyberdumb
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#44 F-35
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#36 Disregard post (another screwup; absolutely nothing to do with computers whatsoever!)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#38 Bullying trivia
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#78 F-35 Multi-Role
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#17 Important US technology companies sold to foreigners
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#86 Lawmakers to Military: Don't Buy Another 'Money Pit' Like F-35
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#117 F-35: Still No Finish Line in Sight
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#2 FY18 budget deal yields life-sustaining new wings for the A-10 Warthog
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#14 Air Force Risks Losing Third of F-35s If Upkeep Costs Aren't Cut
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#19 How China's New Stealth Fighter Could Soon Surpass the US F-22 Raptor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#60 11 crazy up-close photos of the F-22 Raptor stealth fighter jet soaring through the air
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#63 The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#68 The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#74 The F-35 has a basic flaw that means an F-22 hybrid could outclass it -- and that's a big problem
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#76 Why the F-35 Isn't Good Enough for Japan

After F15, F16, F18, A10 ... Boyd started looking at time-in-air, maintenance hrs per flt hour, complexity of maintenance, number of planes per dollar, number in the air at any time ... which starts to shift to problem with number of pilots. Recent growler discussion was that it was taking nearly a year to fully adopt from analog prowler cockpit to digital growler cockpit and new generation grown up digital was adapting much better/faster. However, swarms of stand-off missile platforms seems to head towards autonomous vehicles.

Boyd would talk about original F15 was becoming stand-off missile platform ... he criticized that it was going to be another F111 ... and that the weight of the pivot more than offset any advantage of swing wing ... he redid the original design, eliminating the swing wing and cut the weight approx. in half.

He also told tale of asking to review the new USAF air-to-air missile (before vietnam). They showed him specs and video where it hit every time (with drone with flares). He said that it would be lucky to hit 10% of the time. He then asked what kind of guidance and they said heat seeking ... and he asked what kind of heat seeking and eventually got them to say pin point. He then asked them what is the hottest part of jet and they say the engine. He says no, it is the plume 30yards behind the jet. They gather up all the material and leave. Role forward to vietnam and he is correct. At one point the one-star in vietnam grounds all the fighters and swaps in (navy) sidewinders (which have better than twice the hit rate of USAF missile). The one-star lasts 3months before he called back to pentagon ... he had violated fundamental tenet ... he was reducing USAF budget .. and much worse increasing Navy budget (for the pentagon, vietnam was about budget size and budget share).

Boyd posts & URLs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html

I've heard F35 stories about having thousands and that they could have half-dozen (stand-off) compared to one of opponent and overwhelm with missiles ... so actual F35 flt performance becomes less critical (other than range and time-in-air)

After F15, F16, F18, A10 ... Boyd started looking at time-in-air, maintenance hrs per flt hour, complexity of maintenance, number of planes per dollar, number in the air at any time ... which starts to shift to problem with number of pilots. Recent growler discussion was that it was taking nearly a year to fully adopt from analog prowler cockpit to digital growler cockpit and new generation grown up digital was adapting much better/faster. However, swarms of stand-off missile platforms seems to head towards autonomous vehicles.

Analogous story was that army had de-skilled drone operator so it could be done by non-pilot enlisted onsite in Afghan ... and one of the unanticipated side-effects was that they were having fewer accidents (than USAF pilot operated drones from Nevada).

pranging drone posts/reference:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009g.html#16 USAF officers slammed for pranging Predators on manual
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009j.html#42 Mission Control & Air Cooperation -- Part I
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009n.html#64 another item related to ASCII vs. EBCDIC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010p.html#8 No command, and control
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011d.html#50 Itanium at ISSCC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011e.html#0 Mainframe technology in 2011 and beyond; who is going to run these Mainframes?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011e.html#90 PDCA vs. OODA
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011k.html#52 50th anniversary of BASIC, COBOL?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012i.html#19 Interesting News Article
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014j.html#8 Super Cane's Computers run Windows
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014l.html#68 How Comp-Sci went from passing fad to must have major
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015.html#16 NYT on Sony hacking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015.html#18 NYT on Sony hacking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#22 How do BIG WEBSITES work?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#2 FY18 budget deal yields life-sustaining new wings for the A-10 Warthog

military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

JSF/F-35

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: JSF/F-35
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 14 May 2018 09:46:24 -0700
I've recently been involved in quite a few discussions about implementation of F-35 ... recent part

more JSF
http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-JSF-Analysis.html
The F-22A system set a record for software complexity in a fighter, with around 2.5 million lines of software source code cited. The system departed from the historical use of low speed Mil-Std-1553B busses, using the high speed Fibre Channel-Avionics Environment (FC-AE) serial bus for high speed internal interconnects.
...
In comparing overall evolutionary growth potential, the F-22A wins decisively over the JSF. A plethora of historical case studies of multirole aircraft indicate that the two decisive drivers of evolution into alternative roles are size and raw aerodynamic performance. The F-22A with a larger airframe, wing, internal volume, radar bay, total engine/electrical power and better stealth design has an unassailable lead. This is true for a comparison of the basic F-22A vs the basic JSF. A point of major concern expressed by most analysts is the paucity of volumetric, power and cooling capacity for growth in the JSF over its intended life cycle.
...
The recently redesigned CIP 2000 configuration uses up to 66 COTS based Motorola/IBM PowerPC RISC (ie Apple Mac compatible) and Intel i960MX processor chips and is aimed at cost reduction and supportability, with a follow on upgrade planned to further increase computing power. Since the 'G4' variant, PowerPC chips typically include an embedded 'Altivec' short vector processor which is exceptionally well suited to signal processing tasks, as found in radar, comms and EW processing.
... snip ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II#Overview
High speed data networking including IEEE 1394b[33] and Fibre Channel.[34] (Fibre Channel is also used on Boeing's Super Hornet.[35])
... snip ...

military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

trivia: other claims are 1.7 lines of code for F22 (and possibly 25M for F35)

total trivia and off-topic: 1988 I was asked to help LLNL standardize some serial stuff they were playing with that quickly becomes fibre channel standard ... I had done various things on&off with LLNL going back to 1979. At the time, I was also in the POWER group ... six chip and I was working on using fibre channel to tie together large number of systems ... for both commercial and scientific (planning on 16 system mid-1992 and 128 system ye-1992 and increasing). The executive we reported to then goes over to run SOMERSET, the AIM (Apple, IBM, Motorola) effort to do single chip sub-set of POWER/PC. As chip technology advances, they manage to put more and more in single chip and eventually POWER & POWER/PC merge. Some of the problem for Apple is that IBM wasn't keeping up with (electrical) power use optimization for power/pc and has switched to Intel processors.

posts mentioning 801/risc, iliad, romp, rios, power, power/pc, etc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#801

The problem for me was I was also doing commercial RDBMS scale-up for large number of processors tied together as well as technical scale-up with the national labs. I had meeting Jan1992 with CEO of Oracle for "cluster scale-up" and within a few weeks of that meeting, IBM transfers "cluster scale-up", tells us we can't work on anything with more than four processors ... and "cluster scale-up" is announced as IBM supercomputer (for technical and scientific *ONLY*). Within a few months we leave IBM (problem was that IBM commercial mainframe groups complained that if I was allowed to go ahead, it would be far superior to what they were doing).

posts mentioning HA/CMP
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp
some "cluster scale-up" (and other HA/CMP) email from the period
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#medusa

reference to AIM/Somerset
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM_alliance
reference JAN1992 meeting with Ellison
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13
Apple moves to Intel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%27s_transition_to_Intel_processors
Fibre Channel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_Channel
past posts mentioning IBM mainframe channel protocol layered on fibre channel, drastically reducing native throughput
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#ficon

original POWER chipset
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/riospw.jpg

RIOS

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970






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