2021 Newsgroup postings (10/02 - 11/06) Lynn Wheeler

2021 Newsgroup Postings (10/02 - 11/06)

IBM Lost Opportunities
IBM Lost Opportunities
IBM Lost Opportunities
IBM Lost Opportunities
IBM Lost Opportunities
IBM Lost Opportunities
Pandora Papers: 'Biggest-Ever' Bombshell Leak Exposes Financial Secrets of the Super-Rich
The Japanese Surrender in 1945 is Still Poorly Understood
Pandora Papers: 'Biggest-Ever' Bombshell Leak Exposes Financial Secrets of the Super-Rich
The End of World Bank's "Doing Business Report": A Landmark Victory for People & Planet
System Availability
System Availability
Home Computing
cryptologic museum
IBM SNA ARB
Afghan Women - The Emerging Narrative and Why it is Wrong
IBM SNA ARB
Trashing the planet and hiding the money isn't a perversion of capitalism. It is capitalism
Windows 11 is now available
Windows 11 is now available
Trashing the planet and hiding the money isn't a perversion of capitalism. It is capitalism
IBM Lost Opportunities
IBM 3420 Tape
Programming Languages in IBM
Programming Languages in IBM
VM370, 3081, and AT&T Long Lines
Programming Languages in IBM
Programming Languages in IBM
Programming Languages in IBM
IBM AIX
VM370, 3081, and AT&T Long Lines
IBM Downturn
IBM Downturn
Doing Economics as if Evidence Matters
Chicago Boys' 100% Private Pension System in Chile Is in Big Trouble
Programming Languages in IBM
Programming Languages in IBM
IBM Confidential
IBM Registered Confidential
IBM Registered Confidential
SUSE Reviving Usenet
IBM Confidential
IBM Business School Cases
Koch Empire
The City of London Is Hiding the World's Stolen Money
IBM Downturn
Why Native Americans are buying back land that was stolen from them
Economists to Cattle Ranchers: Stop Being So Emotional About the Monopolies Devouring Your Family Businesses
SUSE Reviving Usenet
IBM Downturn
IBM Downturn
3380 DASD
ESnet
West from Appomattox: The Reconstruction of America after the Civil War
ESnet
ESnet
IBM and Cloud Computing
After 9/11, the U.S. Got Almost Everything Wrong
U.S. Oil Hub Emptying to Levels Last Seen When Crude Cost $100
Order of Knights VM
SUSE Reviving Usenet
Tax Evasion and the Republican Party
IBM ROLM
IBM 360s
addressing and protection, was Paper about ISO C
IBM DASD
IBM ACP/TPF
A Mini F-35?: Don't Go Crazy Over the Air Force's Stealth XQ-58A Valkyrie
MTS, 360/67, FS, Internet, SNA
MTS, 360/67, FS, Internet, SNA
IBM Wild Ducks
book review: Broad Band: The Untold Story of the Women Who Made the Internet
In U.S., Far More Support Than Oppose Separation of Church and State
"The Spoils of War": How Profits Rather Than Empire Define Success for the Pentagon
IBM 3278
IBM 3278
IBM 370 and Future System
IBM 370 and Future System
IBM 370 and Future System
IBM 360
"The Spoils of War": How Profits Rather Than Empire Define Success for the Pentagon
"The Spoils of War": How Profits Rather Than Empire Define Success for the Pentagon
IBM 370 and Future System
Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!
Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!
Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!
books about Google
IBM 3278
Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!
Jobs requiring college degrees disqualify most U.S. workers -- especially workers of color
Afghanistan Proved Eisenhower Correct
Afghanistan Proved Eisenhower Correct
IBM 3278
IBM 3278
IBM 3278
This chemist is reimagining the discovery of materials using AI and automation
IBM 3278
This chemist is reimagining the discovery of materials using AI and automation
Are the Democrats Screwed?
Bank Of America Sees $120 Oil By June 2022
Who Says Elephants Can't Dance?
Who Says Elephants Can't Dance?
Who Knew ?
Who Knew ?
Who Knew ?
IBM CKD DASD and multi-track search
IBM CKD DASD and multi-track search
Who Knew ?
168 Loosely-Coupled Configuration
168 Loosely-Coupled Configuration
IBM & MasterCard
IBM CKD DASD and multi-track search
Who Knew ?
IBM Downturn

IBM Lost Opportunities

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Lost Opportunities
Date: 02 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Science Center had originally done CP40/CMS on a hardware modified 360/40 supporting virtual memory ... and expected that it would get the time-sharing mission. Intead it went to mohansic. Later when 360/67 became standard with virtual memory, CP40/CMS morphs into CP67/CMS (and later vm370/cms). Science Center had expected to get the time sharing mission, but it went to Mohansic instead for TSS/360. At the heyday of TSS/360 there was a joke that they had 1100 people at a time that CP67/CMS had 11 people (and nearly all the customer 360/67s ran CP67/CMS instead of TSS/360).

science center posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
time-sharing posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#timeshare

I took a two semester hour intro to fortran/computers and then got a programming job. Within a year of intro class, univ. hired me fulltime responsible for IBM mainframe system (360/67 running as 360/65 with os/360). Univ. shutdown datacenter from 8am sat until 8am monday and I had the whole place to myself for the weekend, although 48hrs w/o sleep could make monday morning class tough. Jan1968 science center came out and installed CP67/CMS and I got to play with it on the weekends. The TSS/360 SE was still around and we put together synthetic interactive benchmark for both TSS/360 and CP67/CMS. CP67/CMS with 35 synthetic users had better response time and throughput than TSS/360 with four users.

This is even before I had started rewriting lots of CP67 & CMS. First I rewrote a lot of pathlength to improve OS/360 in virtual machine. SHARE presentation on OS/360 & CP67 performance (OS/360 benchamrk runs 322 sec on bare machine, cut CP67 CPU from 534sec to 113sec)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/94.html#18

I also redid 2301 paging drum instead of FIFO single 4k page transfer per I/O with about 70pages/sec, did chained request rotational ordering, getting 270 pages/sec ... and ordered seek queuing for 2314 (instead of FIFO) ... as well as much more efficient page replacement algorithm and dynamic adaptive resource management (scheduling) algorithms.

Lot more TSS/360 & CP67/CMS from Melinda's documents (when she was at PUCC, but moved here)
https://www.leeandmelindavarian.com/Melinda#VMHist
towards the bottom of
https://www.leeandmelindavarian.com/Melinda/25paper.pdf
https://www.leeandmelindavarian.com/Melinda/neuvm.pdf
Les Comeau;s paper on CP/40
https://www.leeandmelindavarian.com/Melinda/JimMarch/CP40_The_Origin_of_VM370.pdf

360/67 was originally announced as supporting up to four processor complex
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3AIBM_System/360_Model_67

... but only two-way ever shipped ... except for a special three way for USAF MOL (manned orbital lab) effort at Lockheed. Standard channel director had bunch of configuration switches that could sensed by the software (storing the control registers) ... the MOL triplex also supported software being able to change the hardware configuration by loading values into the control registers ... more detail in the 360/67 functional characteristic manaul
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/functional_characteristics/A27-2719-0_360-67_funcChar.pdf

... the remnants of the four-way support can be seen in the bitfields defined in the control registers.

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Lost Opportunities

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Lost Opportunities
Date: 02 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Early 80s, had HSDT project with T1 (1.5mbits/sec) and faster speed computer links, both terrestrial and satellite and was supposed to get $20M from NSF director for interconnecting the NSF supercomputing centers. Then congress cuts the budget, some other things happen, and then RFP is released (in part based on what we already had running). Internal politics prevent us from bidding. NSF director tries to help by writing the company a letter 3Apr1986, NSF Director to IBM Chief Scientist and IBM Senior VP and director of Research, copying IBM CEO), with support from other agencies, but that just makes the internal politics worse. Old post with preliminary announcement
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002k.html#12
The OASC has initiated three programs: The Supercomputer Centers Program to provide Supercomputer cycles; the New Technologies Program to foster new supercomputer software and hardware developments; and the Networking Program to build a National Supercomputer Access Network - NSFnet.

... snip ...

as regional networks connect in, it becomes the NSFNET backbone, precursor to modern internet
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/401444/grid-computing/

hsdt posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt
nsfnet posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#nsfnet

The supercompuers had high-end (expensive) channel attached TCP/IP routers ... however during this period TCP/IP was lightweight enough protocol that workstation and even PC implementations were starting to appear, including LAN support and CISCO slipped into this lower priced market. Data from this period had mainframe VTAM taking 150k-160k instructions and 15-16 buffer copies for LU6.2 ... while workstation TCP/IP was taking 5k instructions and five buffer copies.

As I've periodically posted, in the late 80s a senior disk engineer got talk scheduled at annual, world-wide, internal communication group conference supposedly on 3174 performance ... but opened the talk with statement that the communication group was going to be responsible for demise of the disk division. The issue was that the communication group had strategic ownership of everything that crossed the datacenter wall and were fiercely fighting off client/server and distributed computing. The disk division was seeing drop in disk sales with customers moving to platforms more distributed computing friendly. The disk division came up with a number of solutions, but they were constantly being vetoed by the communication group with their strategic stranglehold on datacenters. The communication group datacenter stranglehold not only affected disk sales but much of the rest of IBM computing business.

past posts mentioning communication group dumb terminal paradigm
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#terminal

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Lost Opportunities

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Lost Opportunities
Date: 03 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

AWD had done their own high-performance workstation cards for the PC/RT. For the RS/6000 with microchannel ... AWD was instructed that they couldn't do high-performance workstation cards, but had to "help" their IBM brethren and could only use the severely kneecapped PS2 microchannel cards (joke was that for many things, being limited to PS2 cards, RS/6000 wouldn't be any faster than 486) ... constant downhill from then (for instance the PS2 microchannel $799 16mbit token-ring card had lower card throughput than the PC/RT 4mbit token-ring card, or how 16mbits is less than 4mbits ... and much, much slower than $69 10mbit ethernet cards).

post mentioning 801/risc, iliad, romp, rios, pc/rt, rs/6000, power/pc, etc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#801

I wasn't in the "brethren" meeting so can only relate that I was told ... the awd executive got really angry and called into question senior exec judgement ... contributing to the awd exec later leaving IBM ... claim senior exec was Kuehler. Trivia: for various transgressions, I was transferred to ykt ... but left in san jose (and had to commute to ytk a couple times a month) ... and was direct report to the person that went on to head up AWD (some people joked was he my punishment or I was his punishment).

... transgressions including being blamed for onlince computer conferencing in late 70s and early 80s
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#cmc

HA/CMP sort of involved Conti who retired end of Oct1991 ... and then there was audit of projects he sponsored ... including IBM Kingston supercomputer ... followed in Dec 1991 there was call for conference trolling for internal supercomputer technology in Jan1992 ... followed shortly by HA/CMP cluster scale-up being transferred, announced as IBM supercomputer (for technical/scientific *ONLY*) and we were told we couldn't work on anything with more than four processors (cluster scale-up wasn't using PS2 cards).

previous reference:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#72 Indian Casino and HA/CMP

HA/CMP posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Lost Opportunities

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Lost Opportunities
Date: 03 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

FS, quick&dirty 3033&3081 efforts kicked off in parallel after FS implodes
http://www.jfsowa.com/computer/memo125.htm
The 370 emulator minus the FS microcode was eventually sold in 1980 as as the IBM 3081. The ratio of the amount of circuitry in the 3081 to its performance was significantly worse than other IBM systems of the time; its price/performance ratio wasn't quite so bad because IBM had to cut the price to be competitive. The major competition at the time was from Amdahl Systems -- a company founded by Gene Amdahl, who left IBM shortly before the FS project began, when his plans for the Advanced Computer System (ACS) were killed. The Amdahl machine was indeed superior to the 3081 in price/performance and spectaculary superior in terms of performance compared to the amount of circuitry.]

... snip ...

Future System posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

.. oh, and shutdown of ACS-360, executives were afraid that it would advance the state-of-the-art too fast and IBM would loose control of the market, bottom of article, some of the features show up more than 20yrs later with ES/9000 (Sidebar: ES/9000 high-end processors)
https://people.cs.clemson.edu/~mark/acs_end.html

more about quick&dirty 3081 effort, in this discussion about ACP/TPF not having multiprocessor support and 3081 product line started out being multiprocessor *ONLY*
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#78 IBM ACP/TPF
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#77 IBM ACP/TPF

IBM was afraid that the whole ACP/TPF market would move to Amdahl which was shipping new single processor machine that had about the same throughput as two processor 3081K.

I/O trivia: 1980, STL was bursting at the seams and was moving 300 people from the IMS group to offsite bldg with dataprocessing back to STL datacenter. The group had tried "remote 3270s" and found the human factors totally unacceptable. I get con'ed into doing channel-extender support so they can place channel-attached 3270 controllers at the offsite bldg ... with no perceived difference in human factors with service between in STL and offsite. The hardware vendor then tries to get IBM permission to ship my support ... but there is a group in POK working on some serial stuff, are afraid that if it was in the market, it would make it more difficult justifying releasing their stuff, and get it vetoed.

channel-extender posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#channel.extender

Then in 1988, LLNL is working with some serial stuff and I'm asked to help them get it standardized, which quickly becomes fibre channel standard (including some stuff that I had done in 1980). Then the POK people finally get their stuff released in 1990 with ES/9000 as ESCON when it is already obsolete (ESCON peak was 17mbytes/sec, FCS started full-duplex 1gbit/sec, 2gbit/sec aggregate, or 200mbyte/sec).

Then some POK engineers become involved in fibre channel standard and define an enormously heavy weight protocol that drastically cuts the native throughput and is eventually announced as FICON. The most recent published numbers I've been able to find is a "peak I/O" benchmark for max. configured z196 getting 2M IOPS running 104 FICON (running over 104 fibre channel standard). Approximately the same time a fibre channel was announced for E5-2600 blade claiming over an million IOPS (two native fibre channel having higher throughput than 104 FICON running over 104 fibre channel).

FICON posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#ficon

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Lost Opportunities

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Lost Opportunities
Date: 03 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#100 IBM Lost Opportunities
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#101 IBM Lost Opportunities
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#102 IBM Lost Opportunities
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#0 IBM Lost Opportunities
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#1 IBM Lost Opportunities
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#2 IBM Lost Opportunities
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#3 IBM Lost Opportunities

Endicott had con'ed me into doing pathlength analysis for what needed to be moved into microcode assist (originally for 138/148 and later 4331/4341) ... old post with the initial analysis:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/94.html#21

I was told that there was 6kbytes of microcode space and 370->microcode instruction would translate approx. byte-for-byte and get ten times performance increase ... and I was to find the 6kbytes of highest executed kernel pathlength ... analysis shows highest executed 6kbytes accounted for 80% of kernel execution. Later I'm given permission to make presentations on the ECPS work at the monthly user group meetings held at SLAC ... which had lots of 370 clone vendors around silicon valley, including Amdahl. After meetings we would adjorn to one of the silicon valley watering holes for further discussions and I would get a lot of questions from the Amdahl people.

Amdahl people would go into some detail about how IBM POK had been doing whole series of minor microcode changes that would be required by IBM operating systems. Eventually Amdahl responds with hardware "macrocode" mode ... 370-like instructions where they could respond to the IBM trivial series of microcode changes significantly faster and easier (than IBM could create them). In the very early 80s, at the time Amdahl was using macrocode to implement hypervisor (basically LPAR, PR/SM ... years before IBM could respond to on the 3090, 1988)

trivia: one of my hobbies after joining IBM was enhanced production operating systems for internal datacenters, got to wander around lots of internal and customer datacenters, make presentations at SHARE (and other IBM user groups) on what I was doing, etc. One was manager of one of the largest (customer financial) datacenters on the east coast liked me to drop in and talk technology. At one point, the branch manager horribly offended the customer and in retaliation, they ordered an Amdahl machine (lonely clone 370 in a vast sea of "blue). Up until then Amdahl had been selling into univ. & tech/scientific markets, but clone 370s had yet to break into the IBM true-blue commercial market ... and this would be the first. I got asked to go spend a year on site at the customer to obfuscate the reason for the Amdahl order. I talked it over with the customer and said while he would like to have me there it would have no affect on the decision, so I declined the offer.

I was then told that the branch manager was good sailing buddy of IBM's CEO and if I didn't do this, I could forget having IBM career, promotions or raises. Since I was already being told that for continuing to work on 360/370 and periodically ridiculing Future System ... it didn't seem to make a lot of difference. Some customers would even comment that it was refreshing change from the IBM "empty suits"

science center posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
microcode posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#mcode
future system posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Lost Opportunities

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Lost Opportunities
Date: 03 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

After future system implosion, I got involved in doing 370 16-way (tightly coupled) multiprocessor ... and we con'ed some of the 3033 processor engineers into working on it in their spare time (a lot more interesting that remapping 168-3 logic to 20% faster chips). Everybody thot it was really great until somebody told the head of POK that it could be decades before the POK favorite son operating system had effective 16-way support ... and then some of us were invited to never visit POK again and the 3033 processor engineers were directed to stop being distracted. IBM doesn't ship 16-way mainframe until nearly 25yrs later, z900, 16processors, 2.5BIPS (156MIPS/PROC), Dec2000

future system posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys
SMP, tightly-coupled posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#smp

old post with archived email from processor engineer that for more than a couple decades ... all the high-end processors were just warmed over design from 360/85 (85/165/168/3033/trout all the same ... trout was 3090)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019c.html#email810423

3081 doesn't even qualify ... as per
http://www.jfsowa.com/computer/memo125.htm

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Pandora Papers: 'Biggest-Ever' Bombshell Leak Exposes Financial Secrets of the Super-Rich

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Pandora Papers: 'Biggest-Ever' Bombshell Leak Exposes Financial Secrets of the Super-Rich
Date: 03 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Pandora Papers: 'Biggest-Ever' Bombshell Leak Exposes Financial Secrets of the Super-Rich. "This is the Panama Papers on steroids."
https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/10/03/pandora-papers-biggest-ever-bombshell-leak-exposes-financial-secrets-super-rich

Pandora Papers reveal secret offshore financial system for global elites
https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/interactive/2021/pandora-papers-offshore-finance/?utm
Pandora papers: biggest ever leak of offshore data exposes financial secrets of rich and powerful
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/oct/03/pandora-papers-biggest-ever-leak-of-offshore-data-exposes-financial-secrets-of-rich-and-powerful
Pandora Papers
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/ckml857490zt/pandora-papers
Pandora Papers: Secret wealth and dealings of world leaders exposed
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-58780465
Pandora Papers
https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0010qq3
About the Pandora Papers
https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/about-pandora-papers-investigation/
Pandora Papers. The largest investigation in journalism history exposes a shadow financial system that benefits the world's most rich and powerful. Read more.
https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/
Pandora Papers: An offshore data tsunami
https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/about-pandora-papers-leak-dataset/
The Pandora Papers
https://www.occrp.org/en/the-pandora-papers/
Massive Leak Exposes the Hidden Fortunes of World's Elite and Crooks
https://www.occrp.org/en/the-pandora-papers/massive-leak-exposes-the-hidden-fortunes-of-worlds-elite-and-crooks

Panama Papers Goes Live with Searchable Database of Tax Evaders
https://www.commondreams.org/news/2016/05/09/panama-papers-goes-live-searchable-database-tax-evaders

inequality posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#inequality
tax evasion, tax avoidance, tax havens, tax fraud posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#tax.evasion

Panama paper posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#26 Multinationals shifted $1 trillion offshore, stripping countries of billions in tax revenues, study says
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021b.html#52 Luxembourg Investigations
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#134 12 EU states reject move to expose companies' tax avoidance
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#5 Important US technology companies sold to foreigners
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#6 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#6 Panama Papers law firm boss sees tax shelter boom in US
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#2 Smedley Butler
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#45 OT: DuPont seeks to screw workers of their pensions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016c.html#79 Qbasic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016c.html#78 Qbasic

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

The Japanese Surrender in 1945 is Still Poorly Understood

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: The Japanese Surrender in 1945 is Still Poorly Understood
Date: 04 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

The Japanese Surrender in 1945 is Still Poorly Understood
https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/181372
General Dwight Eisenhower, in his memoirs, recalled a visit from Secretary of War Henry Stimson in late July 1945: "I voiced to him my grave misgivings, first on the basis of my belief that Japan was already defeated and that dropping the bomb was completely unnecessary, and secondly because I thought that our country should avoid shocking world opinion by the use of a weapon whose employment was, I thought, no longer mandatory as a measure to save American lives. It was my belief that Japan was, at that very moment, seeking some way to surrender with a minimum loss of 'face.'" Eisenhower reiterated the point years later in a Newsweek interview in 1963, saying that "the Japanese were ready to surrender and it wasn't necessary to hit them with that awful thing."

... snip ...

military-industrial(-congressional) complex
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

some past refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#60 How Did America's Sherman Tank Win against Superior German Tanks in World War II?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#40 The Accumulated Evil of the Whole: That time Bush and Co. made the September 11 Attacks a Pretext for War on Iraq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#101 The War Was Won Before Hiroshima--And the Generals Who Dropped the Bomb Knew It
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#95 The War Was Won Before Hiroshima--And the Generals Who Dropped the Bomb Knew It
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#80 Collins radio and Braniff Airways 1945
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#68 Profit propaganda ads witch-hunt era
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#16 Before the First Shots Are Fired
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#94 The War Was Won Before Hiroshima--And the Generals Who Dropped the Bomb Knew It
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#93 The War Was Won Before Hiroshima--And the Generals Who Dropped the Bomb Knew It
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#92 The War Was Won Before Hiroshima--And the Generals Who Dropped the Bomb Knew It
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#82 The War Was Won Before Hiroshima--And the Generals Who Dropped the Bomb Knew It
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018e.html#76 meanwhile in eastern Asia^WEurope, was tablets and desktops was Has Microsoft
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018e.html#75 meanwhile in eastern Asia^WEurope, was tablets and desktops was Has Microsoft
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#89 The US destroyed Tokyo 73 years ago in the deadliest air raid in history
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#70 Russia Invaded Japanese Islands With U.S. Ships -- After Japan Surrendered
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#64 Russia Invaded Japanese Islands With U.S. Ships -- After Japan Surrendered
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#82 Early use of word "computer", 1944
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#64 Strategic Bombing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016.html#60 For those who like to regress to their youth? :-)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015d.html#13 Fully Restored WWII Fighter Plane Up for Auction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#28 Kill Chain: The Rise of High Tech Assassins
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#13 past of nukes, was Future of support for telephone rotary dial ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013h.html#60 OT: "Highway Patrol" back on TV
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011o.html#67 Downwind from Alamogordo

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Pandora Papers: 'Biggest-Ever' Bombshell Leak Exposes Financial Secrets of the Super-Rich

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Pandora Papers: 'Biggest-Ever' Bombshell Leak Exposes Financial Secrets of the Super-Rich
Date: 04 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#6 Pandora Papers: 'Biggest-Ever' Bombshell Leak Exposes Financial Secrets of the Super-Rich

Pandora Papers: Businessman linked to Tory donations made millions from alleged fraud
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-58791274
'Pandora Papers' bring renewed calls for tax haven scrutiny
https://www.wagmtv.com/2021/10/04/panama-papers-leaked-records-expose-hidden-dealings-elite-corrupt/
Pandora Papers show how tax havens are part of the global inequity problem
https://www.publicradiotulsa.org/post/pandora-papers-show-how-tax-havens-are-part-global-inequity-problem
Pandora Papers show tax havens are part of global inequity problem : Goats and Soda
https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/10/04/1043159480/pandora-papers-show-how-tax-havens-are-part-of-the-global-inequity-problem
About the Pandora Papers investigation
https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/10/03/about-pandora-papers-investigation/
Pandora Papers: Rich and powerful deny wrongdoing after dump of purported secrets
https://www.reuters.com/world/pandora-papers-document-dump-allegedly-links-world-leaders-secret-wealth-2021-10-03/
Pandora Papers: South Dakota rivals offshore tax havens
https://www.axios.com/pandora-papers-south-dakota-rivals-offshore-tax-havens-67243448-d2bf-4545-bdc9-920ee7ca4f23.html
Pandora Papers: tax avoidance revelations prompt outraged denials
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/oct/04/pandora-papers-tax-avoidance-revelations-prompt-outraged-denials
South Dakota revealed as U.S. mecca of financial secrecy in Pandora Papers
https://www.keloland.com/news/your-money-matters/south-dakota-revealed-as-u-s-mecca-of-financial-secrecy-in-pandora-papers/
"Pandora Papers" reveal billions hidden by the rich and powerful
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pandora-papers-billions-hidden-tax-rich/
Journalist explains the immediate international fallout of the Pandora Papers
https://www.npr.org/2021/10/04/1043145181/journalist-explains-the-immediate-international-fallout-of-the-pandora-papers
Pandora Papers: 5 takeaways
https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/04/media/pandora-papers-five-takeaways/index.html
State Department says U.S. is reviewing findings from Pandora Papers
https://www.reuters.com/business/state-department-says-us-is-reviewing-findings-pandora-papers-2021-10-04/
Unpacking the contents of the Pandora Papers
https://www.npr.org/2021/10/04/1042999516/unpacking-the-contents-of-the-pandora-papers
Pandora Papers: 6 big takeaways, from Putin to South Dakota
https://www.fastcompany.com/90682903/6-big-takeaways-from-the-pandora-papers-leak
The Pandora Papers Are a Rare Moment Where the Money Power Is Visible
https://www.rsn.org/001/the-pandora-papers-are-a-rare-moment-where-the-money-power-is-visible.html
U.S. tax havens lure wealthy foreigners and tainted money
https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/interactive/2021/booming-us-tax-haven-industry/

inequality posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#inequality
tax evasion, tax avoidance, tax havens, tax fraud posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#tax.evasion

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

The End of World Bank's "Doing Business Report": A Landmark Victory for People & Planet

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: The End of World Bank's "Doing Business Report": A Landmark Victory for People & Planet
Date: 04 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#97 The End of World Bank's "Doing Business Report": A Landmark Victory for People & Planet

Analysis: World Bank, IMF face long-term damage after data rigging scandal
https://www.reuters.com/business/world-bank-imf-face-long-term-damage-after-data-rigging-scandal-2021-10-04/
The damage from the data-rigging scandal that forced the World Bank to discontinue its "Doing Business" investment climate rankings may be difficult to repair and has raised questions over whether the institutions' influential research is subject to shareholder influence.

... snip ...

World Bank's "Doing Business Index," a Thorn for Kleptocrats, Must Be Protected
https://www.justsecurity.org/78426/world-banks-doing-business-index-a-thorn-for-kleptocrats-must-be-protected/
Lessons from the death of the ease of doing business index
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/ease-of-doing-business-index-world-bank-7552199/
The China World Bank Scandal
https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-china-world-bank-scandal-doing-business-kristalina-georgieva-11633039063
Puzzling World Bank EODB Survey Raised Eyebrows On India's Ranking: Reforms Held Hostage By Old Fashioned Bureaucracy
https://www.eurasiareview.com/04102021-puzzling-world-bank-eodb-survey-raised-eyebrows-on-indias-ranking-reforms-held-hostage-by-old-fashioned-bureaucracy-oped/
Ex-World Bank bosses cited in faking Doing Business reports
https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/finance/ex-world-bank-bosses-cited-in-faking-doing-business-reports--3566824

inequality posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#inequality

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

System Availability

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: System Availability
Date: 05 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

... in "tandem memos" there was periodic references that managers only believed efforts were difficult when there were problems ... if you spent huge amount of time anticipating and avoiding problems ... managers would not value your worth (when in fact, the situation was exactly the inverse). During HA/CMP we spent a great deal of time studying how things failed ... reference to HA/CMP cluster scale-up meeting in Oracle CEO Ellison's office
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13

Shortly later after HA/CMP cluster scale-up was transferred, announce as IBM supercomputer (for technical/scientific *ONLY*), we were told that we couldn't work on anything with more four processor and had left IBM ... two of the Oracle people mentioned in the Ellison meeting, later were at a small client/server startup responsible for something called "commerce server". We were brought in as consultants because they wanted to do financial transactions on the server, the startup had also invented this technology they called "SSL", the result is now frequently calle "electronic commerce". I had absolute authority for everything between webservers and the payment networks gateway ... although could only make recommendations the browsers and webservers. I came to claimed that to take a well designed and tested application and turn it into a service took 4-10 times the original effort (instead of just figuring out how to make something work, figuring out how to keep it working).

Postel (internet standards editor)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Postel

use to also let me help with the periodic rereleased STD1, he also sponsored my talk on "why the internet isn't business critical dataprocessing", based on my experience with electronic commerce, all the compensating procedures and diagnostic analysis that I had done for webserver to payment gateways ... took ten times the effort of the original protocol implementation (one of the protocols supported by payment networks was done by company called SHIFT4 that specialized in the travel&hospitality industry supporting leased lines, especially prevalent in Las Vegas, that leased-line, circuit-based protocol was simulated over packet-switching internet)

HA/CMP posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp
availability posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#available
online computer conferencing posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#cmc
IBM downfall/downturn posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#ibmdownfall

past posts mentioning why the internet isn't business critical dataprocessing:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#24 NOW the web is 30 years old: When Tim Berners-Lee switched on the first World Wide Web server
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021e.html#75 WEB Security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021e.html#7 IBM100 - Rise of the Internet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021c.html#68 Online History
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#87 5 milestones that created the internet, 50 years after the first network message
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#113 Internet and Business Critical Dataprocessing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019b.html#100 mainframe hacking "success stories"?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019.html#25 Are we all now dinosaurs, out of place and out of time?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018f.html#60 1970s school compsci curriculum--what would you do?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#81 Running unsupported is dangerous was Re: AW: Re: LE strikes again
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#14 Mainframe Networking problems
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#100 Jean Sammet, Co-Designer of a Pioneering Computer Language, Dies at 89
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#90 Ransomware on Mainframe application ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#14 The Geniuses that Anticipated the Idea of the Internet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#11 The Geniuses that Anticipated the Idea of the Internet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014m.html#142 IBM Continues To Crumble
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012j.html#56 Failing Gracefully
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012h.html#74 Interesting News Article
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011i.html#27 PDCA vs. OODA
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#56 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#33 H5: Security Begins at the Application and Ends at the Mind
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008r.html#50 Security is a subset of Reliability
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008p.html#68 "The Register" article on HP replacing z
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008n.html#63 To what extent do IP networks meet the stringent requirements of High Availability (HA) where the target performance is 99.999%? What performance is obtained in practice
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008g.html#50 CA ESD files Options
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008g.html#29 CA ESD files Options
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#22 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#72 Value of SSL client certificates?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#54 Industry Standard Time To Analyze A Line Of Code
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#34 EZPass: Yes, Big Brother IS Watching You!
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#38 Can SSL sessions be compromised?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#52 US Air computers delay psgrs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#28 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005h.html#16 Today's mainframe--anything to new?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005f.html#38 Where should the type information be: in tags and descriptors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005d.html#42 Thou shalt have no other gods before the ANSI C standard
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm26.htm#53 The One True Identity -- cracks being examined, filled, and rotted out from the inside

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

System Availability

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: System Availability
Date: 05 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#10 System Availability

.... facebook trivia: the US (online sales&marketing support) HONE systems were consolidated in Palo Alto ... and I would typically spend a day or two per month there (i.e. one of my hobbies after joining IBM was enhanced production operating systems for internal datacenters and HONE was long time customer, also asked to do some of the original HONE installs outside US) ... anyway, when facebook first moved into silicon valley, it was into a new bldg built next door to the former US HONE datacenter.

HONE posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone
availability posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#available
CSC/VM (... later SJR/VM), science center posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech csc/vm (&/or sjr/vm) posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#cscvm

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Home Computing

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Home Computing
Date: 05 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Early 80s, I got HSDT project ... T1 and faster computer links (both terrestrial and satellite) ... I got funding round about way ... since they said I would never get promoted to the position with 5of6 executive committee wanting to fire me (blamed for online computer conferencing on the internal network in the late 70s, early 80s, "tandem memos", etc)... but funding strings were I needed to show some IBM content. The only thing I could remotely find was the Series/1 T1 ZIRPEL card which was FSD RPQ ... and so I needed some Series/1s ... the problem was that ROLM had been using Data General computers and being bought by IBM ... they ordered a whole boatload of S/1s (to use instead of Data General) ... and I was told that there was a year's order backlog. I knew the person that was running ROLM datacenter (well before being bought by IBM) and did some horse trading ... if I helped them with some development testing issues ... I could have some of their Series/1.

... online at home since March, 1970 (started with 2741 installed in my home). This was back when mainframes were leased/rented ... based on "system meter" reading ... even internal datacenters with "funny money" ... and then billed out to individual departments ... again (internal) "funny money". I was called in and told I was using more computer resources than the whole rest of the organization and could I do something about it. I said I could work less, it was never mentioned again.

HSDT posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt
online computer conferencing posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#cmc

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

cryptologic museum

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: cryptologic museum
Date: 06 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

cryptologic museum
https://www.nsa.gov/museum/
museum hall of honor
https://cryptologicfoundation.org/what-we-do/commemorate/honor.html

I've mentioned before I had been introduced to John Boyd in he early 80s and would sponsor his briefings at IBM. In 89/90, the commandant of the marine corps leverages boyd for a corps make-over (at a time when IBM was also desperately in need of make-over) ... and we've gone on to have periodic Boyd conferences at Marine Corps Univ (in quantico), even after Boyd passes.

Boyd posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html

After leaving IBM, I was doing lot of work in financial industry and X9 Financial Standards ... which involved quite a bit of crypto and would require periodic meetings in Ft. Meade ... on visits to the museum hadn't realize the marine commandant was (also) in the hall of honor.

For financial I was doing nearly everything with elliptic curve ... and the agency was stilled mired in RSA. At one point the TD to the DDI had us in to do elliptic curve talk ... and there was some noise from the audience about RSA and the TD made some offhand comment about them being stuck in the past.

X9.59 standard posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#privacy
electronic signature legislation, human signature, intent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#signature

older agency reference, gone 404 but still lives on at wayback machine
https://web.archive.org/web/20090117083033/http://www.nsa.gov/research/selinux/list-archive/0409/8362.shtml

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM SNA ARB

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM SNA ARB
Date: 06 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

I gave this presentation at 86 SNA Architecture Review Board meeting in Raleigh.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#67

technical people thought it was really great ... it was the management that was really horrified. As I was leaving, the director running the show caught me in the hall and demanded to know who authorized me to give the presentation at ARB (contaminating the technical people with something much better). I was getting huge amount of push back from communication group constantly claiming the comparison was totally invalid ... I was pointing out the comparison numbers (w/Series1) was from real live customer installation and the 3725 numbers was from the communication group HONE 3725 configurator. They never were able to explain why the comparison was invalid ... just the constant refrain of invalid, invalid, invalid ....

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Afghan Women - The Emerging Narrative and Why it is Wrong

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Afghan Women - The Emerging Narrative and Why it is Wrong
Date: 06 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Afghan Women - The Emerging Narrative and Why it is Wrong
http://www.ipsnews.net/2021/10/afghan-women-emerging-narrative-wrong/
Whatever geopolitical or economic interests drove the war, it is disingenuous for the US and allies to say that they were in Afghanistan for 20 years to help the Afghans and in particular Afghan women. The war has cost the US taxpayer US$2 trillion most of which went to the defense contracts with some crumbs to the corrupt Afghan Government officials. Given an average Afghan family size of seven, the US$ 2 trillion spent on the war is equivalent to US$350,000 per family. If even a fraction of this if had been invested properly it would have transformed lives - but this never happened. Now after 20 years of war, to impose further pain on the Afghans in the name of women's rights seems heartless. Particularly galling is the freezing of Afghan assets in western banks at the time when the country desperately needs this money.

... snip ...

perpetual war
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#perpetual.war
military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex
success of failure posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#success.of.failuree

recent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#54 The Kill Chain
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#53 The Kill Chain
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#48 The Kill Chain: Defending America in the Future of High-Tech Warfare
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#40 The Accumulated Evil of the Whole: That time Bush and Co. made the September 11 Attacks a Pretext for War on Iraq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#38 The Accumulated Evil of the Whole: That time Bush and Co. made the September 11 Attacks a Pretext for War on Iraq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#6 The Kill Chain: Defending America in the Future of High-Tech Warfare
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#87 The Kill Chain: Defending America in the Future of High-Tech Warfare
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#67 Does America Like Losing Wars?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#50 Who Authorized America's Wars? And Why They Never End
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#86 How Custer Met His End at Little Bighorn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#40 The F-22 Raptor Is the World's Best Fighter (And It Has a Secret Weapon That Is Out in the Open)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015f.html#44 No, the F-35 Can't Fight at Long Range, Either

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM SNA ARB

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM SNA ARB
Date: 07 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#14 IBM SNA ARB

I was also on XTP technical advisory board (that communication group tried really hard to block) doing sandard for super high-speed computer links
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#71 IBM MYTE

trivia: I've mentioned several times having HSDT project doing T1 and faster computer links ... HSDT was also having custom designed communication hardware built on the other side of Pacific and would periodically go over to check on things. The companies also liked to show off some of the advance technology stuff they were doing in conjunction with their auto industry. The friday before one such visit, Raleigh sent out announcement for a new online computer communication discussion group with the following definitions:


low-speed         9.6kbits/sec,
medium speed     19.2kbitts/sec,
high-speed       56kbits/sec, and
very high-speed  1.5mbits/sec.

On monday morning on wall of conference room on the other side of pacific, there were these definitions:


low-speed         <20mbits/sec,
medium speed      100mbits/sec,
high-speed        200mbits-300mbits/sec,
very high-speed:  >600mbits/sec

mid-80s, Raleigh was both working on T1 1.5mbits/sec "very high speed" prototype (i.e. US T1, EU T1 is 2mbits/sec full-duplex, 4mbits/sec aggregate) and telling the corporate executive committee that customers wouldn't be wanting T1 support before well into the 90s.

For the corporate executive committee they collected data on customers using 37x5 "fat pipe" support, multiple parallel 56kbit/sec links operating as single logical link. They showed number of customers as number of 56kbit/sec parallel links increased ... dropping to zero customer for six 56kbit/sec links. What they didn't show (or didn't know) was telco tariffs for T1 (1.5mbit/sec) links was about the same as five or six 56kbit/sec links ... aka at 5 or 6 links, customers just moved to full T1 and used non-IBM hardware (trivial survey found 200 customers using full T1 links).

In any case, they eventually come out with 3737 "T1 support" for customers ... old archived email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011g.html#email880130
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011g.html#email880606
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011g.html#email881005
in these posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011g.html#75
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011g.html#77

SNA/VTAM had windowing pacing algorithm and would stop sending when it reached the maximum number of unacknowledge RUs ... even short-haul terrestrial, low latency T1s were (relatively) so fast that SNA/VTAM would constantly reaching max RUs and suspending transmission waiting for responses from the other end. 3737 had boatload of memory and Moto 68k processors ... implementing a mini-VTAM that would spoof CTCA adapter to local VTAM ... immediately responding that the RU had been received (before even transmitted) ... and then using non-VTAM protocol between the local 3737 and the remote 3737. Even with tremendous amount of resources spoofing the host VTAMs ... it was still limited to about 2mbit/sec aggregate throughput (T1 1.5mbits/sec full-duplex is 3mbits/sec aggregatem, EU 4mbits/sec aggregate).

To handle that issue, HSDT had long previously went to dynamic adaptive rate-based pacing algorithm that adapted from low-latency short haul channel speed to high-latency channel speed geo-sync satellite links (and I wrote that into the XTP standard)

There is infamous story about STL (cal) and Hursley (england) working on load sharing project (utilizing computers during the others' offshift period). They original brought up 56kbit double hop geo-sat link (west coast up to the sat and down to each coast, then up to sat over atlantic and down to hursley) ... round trip latency was around 2secs and worked fine with VNET. Then they tried it with JES2 and wasn't able to establish link (2sec exceeded initial max connect handshake delay). They then went back to VNET and it worked fine. The guy running the project then explained that VNET was too dumb to know that the link wasn't working (even though valid data was flowing through the whole time).

hsdt posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt
xtp posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#xtphsp

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Trashing the planet and hiding the money isn't a perversion of capitalism. It is capitalism

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Trashing the planet and hiding the money isn't a perversion of capitalism. It is capitalism.
Date: 07 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Trashing the planet and hiding the money isn't a perversion of capitalism. It is capitalism. Exploiting people, exploiting land, and keeping its ugly side secret. Its historical effects are all too recognisable in the Pandora papers now
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/oct/06/offshoring-wealth-capitalism-pandora-papers

some panama &/or pandora paper posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#8 Pandora Papers: 'Biggest-Ever' Bombshell Leak Exposes Financial Secrets of the Super-Rich
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#6 Pandora Papers: 'Biggest-Ever' Bombshell Leak Exposes Financial Secrets of the Super-Rich
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#26 Multinationals shifted $1 trillion offshore, stripping countries of billions in tax revenues, study says
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#134 12 EU states reject move to expose companies' tax avoidance
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#5 Important US technology companies sold to foreigners
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#6 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#6 Panama Papers law firm boss sees tax shelter boom in US
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#2 Smedley Butler
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#45 OT: DuPont seeks to screw workers of their pensions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016c.html#79 Qbasic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016c.html#78 Qbasic

capitalism posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#capitalism
inequality posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#inequality
tax evasion, tax avoidance, tax havens, tax fraud posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#tax.evasion
economic mess posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#economic.mess

misc. capitalism and corporations posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#97 The End of World Bank's "Doing Business Report": A Landmark Victory for People & Planet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#32 Counterfeit Capitalism: Why a Monopolized Economy Leads to Inflation and Shortages
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#28 Massive infrastructure spending has a dark side. Yes, there is such a thing as dumb growth
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#70 The Rise and Fall of an American Tech Giant
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#46 Under God
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#27 Why We Need to Democratize Wealth: the U.S. Capitalist Model Breeds Selfishness and Resentment
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#26 Why We Need to Democratize Wealth: the U.S. Capitalist Model Breeds Selfishness and Resentment
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021e.html#36 How the Billionaires Corporate News Media Have Been Used to Brainwash Us
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#75 The "Innocence" of Early Capitalism is Another Fantastical Myth
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#161 Fascists
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#158 Goliath
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#148 Why big business can count on courts to keep its deadly secrets
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#82 Prying Open The Overton Window
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#61 What Gandhi Believed Is the Purpose of a Corporation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#41 Corporations Are People

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Windows 11 is now available

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Windows 11 is now available
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 08 Oct 2021 08:35:34 -1000

Branimir Maksimovic <branimir.maksimovic@icloud.com> writes:
Well on unisys you could connect more then 100 terminals on machine with only 4mb of ram, because terminals had logic for input, and all that was exchanged was just packets sent :P

Original CP67 was installed at univ. in Jan1968 by three people from cambridge science center ... could play with it on weekends on 360/67 with 768kbytes memory. The TSS/360 IBM SE and I put together synthetic fortran, compile, and execute benchmark ... and CP67/CMS with 35 emulated users had better response time and throughput than TSS/360 (on same machine) with only four users.

Later after rewriting a lot of CP67 (pathlengths, resource management, scheduling, global LRU page replacement, page I/O, ordered seek queuing, etc), graduating and joining the cambridge science center ... had 85 real users on 768kbyte (192 4k pages) 360/67 (104 4k pageable pages after fixed kernel and control block storage) had subsecond response and 100% CPU useage.

This was important because the Grenoble Science Center had modified CP67 to have a "working set dispatcher" ("local LRU" page replacement, from 1968 academic papers) running on 1mbyte (256 4k pages) with 35 (real) users had worse response and lower CPU useage (aka global LRU page replacement easily beat "local LRU" page replacement).

This came up more than decade later, Jim Gray and left IBM San Jose Research for Tandem and at SIGOPS (Asilomar, 14-16Dec81), he asked me if I could help co-worker at Tandem get his Stanford PHD (advisor was later president of Stanford) which involved global LRU (page replacement), and he knew I had down a lot of work on global LRU page replacement algorithm and had apple-to-apple comparison between local and global LRU (as undergraduate in the 60s). Some of the "local LRU" forces (dating back to 60s when I was doing global LRU) were heavily lobbying Stanford to block awarding PHD involving global LRU.

When I went to send information ... SJR management said that I wasn't allowed to (even tho none of the information involved anything after joining IBM). I've commented that I hoped that it was done as punishment for online computer conferencing ("Tandem Memos", in the late 70s I was blamed for online computer conferencing on the internal network, folklore is when corporate executive committee was told about it, 5of6 wanted to fire me) ... rather than they taking part in the global/local LRU academic dispute. I wasn't allowed to send reply for nearly a year
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#email821019

page replacement and paging subsystem posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#clock
dynamic adaptive resource manager
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#fairshare

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Windows 11 is now available

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Windows 11 is now available
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 08 Oct 2021 11:57:10 -1000

Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
This was important because the Grenoble Science Center had modified CP67 to have a "working set dispatcher" ("local LRU" page replacement, from 1968 academic papers) running on 1mbyte (256 4k pages) with 35 (real) users had worse response and lower CPU useage (aka global LRU page replacement easily beat "local LRU" page replacement).

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#18 Windows 11 is now available

aka the 768kbyte IBM cambridge science center CP/67 360/67 with 104 pageable pages (after fixed memory requirements) had better response and aggregate throughput with 85 users (and global LRU) than the 1mbyte IBM grenoble science center CP/67 360/67 with 155 pageable pages (after fixed memory requirements, i.e. 50% more pageable pages for users than cambridge machine) with 35 users and "local LRU" page replacement and "working set dispatcher" ... as described in academic literature.

so it was effectively same hardware and nearly same system ... except for the global LRU page replacement vis-a-vis "local LRU" page replacement ... which supported the work done for Stanford Phd more than decade later on global LRU'.

page replacement and paging subsystem posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#clock

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Trashing the planet and hiding the money isn't a perversion of capitalism. It is capitalism

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Trashing the planet and hiding the money isn't a perversion of capitalism. It is capitalism.
Date: 08 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#17 Trashing the planet and hiding the money isn't a perversion of capitalism. It is capitalism.

John Foster Dulles played major role rebuilding Germany economy, industry, military from the 20s up through the early 40s
https://www.amazon.com/Brothers-Foster-Dulles-Allen-Secret-ebook/dp/B00BY5QX1K/
loc865-68:
In mid-1931 a consortium of American banks, eager to safeguard their investments in Germany, persuaded the German government to accept a loan of nearly $500 million to prevent default. Foster was their agent. His ties to the German government tightened after Hitler took power at the beginning of 1933 and appointed Foster's old friend Hjalmar Schacht as minister of economics.

loc905-7:
Foster was stunned by his brother's suggestion that Sullivan & Cromwell quit Germany. Many of his clients with interests there, including not just banks but corporations like Standard Oil and General Electric, wished Sullivan & Cromwell to remain active regardless of political conditions.

loc938-40:
At least one other senior partner at Sullivan & Cromwell, Eustace Seligman, was equally disturbed. In October 1939, six weeks after the Nazi invasion of Poland, he took the extraordinary step of sending Foster a formal memorandum disavowing what his old friend was saying about Nazism

... snip ...

From the law of unintended consequences, when US 1943 Strategic Bombing program needed targets in Germany, they got plans and coordinates from wallstreet.

Later somewhat replay of the 1940 celebration, there was conference of 5000 industrialists and corporations from across the US at the Waldorf-Astoria, and in part because they had gotten such a bad reputation for the depression and supporting Nazis, as part of attempting to refurbish their horribly corrupt and venal image, they approved a major propaganda campaign to equate Capitalism with Christianity.
https://www.amazon.com/One-Nation-Under-God-Corporate-ebook/dp/B00PWX7R56/

part of the result by the early 50s was adding "under god" to the pledge of allegiance. slightly cleaned up version
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pledge_of_Allegiance

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Lost Opportunities

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Lost Opportunities
Date: 09 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

I ran into problem after leaving IBM ... trying to enormously reduce the cost of secure chip for chipcards ... both significantly improving security and throwing away unnecessary function ... I gave presentations at NIST and gov security conferences ... semi-facetiously I was taking milspec chip, reducing cost by two orders of magnitude at the same time improving security. Biggest next problem was that technology for slicing silicon wafers into individual chips was using more real estate than the chip area. It wasn't until the RFID folks came up with new technology for slicing wafers that could significant increase the chips/wafers (cost/wafer was somewhat flat, it was now how many chips you could get per wafer).

trivia: TD to the DDI for Information Assurance Directorate had assurance panel session in the Trusted Computing track at IDF ... and asked me to give a talk on the chip (the guy running TPM was in the front row so I quipped that is was nice to see his chip looking more & more like mine, he quipped back that I didn't have a committee of 200 people helping me) ... gone 404, but lives on at the wayback machine
https://web.archive.org/web/20011109072807/http://www.intel94.com/idf/spr2001/sessiondescription.asp?id=stp%2bs13

AADS chip posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#aads

recent mention of IDF
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#97 What Is a TPM, and Why Do I Need One for Windows 11?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#74 "Safe" Internet Payment Products
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#75 Electronic Signature
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#66 The Case Against SQL
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#87 Bizarre Career Events
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#20 The Rise of the Internet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021b.html#21 IBM Recruiting

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM 3420 Tape

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM 3420 Tape
Date: 09 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

3400 tape
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9_track_tape#3400_Series

I did cmsback in the late 70s (for internal datacenters) that started out using these tapes.... using a highly modified version of vmfplc ... even for small files ... still used two physical records (one for cms fst and one for data block) ... which met tape could be mostly inter-record gap. I changed to appending fst to end of first file data block ... cutting number of inter-record gaps in half ... also went to much larger physical tape record size for larger files ... further cutting inter-record gaps ... getting lot more data per tape on evening backups. Later cmsback evolved into wdsf and then adsm

6250 bpi, .3in inter-record gape, fst 40or64 bytes, minimum datablock 800bytes ... two record 864 @ 6250, .14in, two inter-record gaps .6in ... total tape .74in, .14/.74, only 19% data records, & 81% inter-record gaps.

old CMSBACK email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#cmsback
and posts mentioning backup/archive, cmsback, wdsf, adsm, tsm, etc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#cmsback

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Programming Languages in IBM

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Programming Languages in IBM
Date: 09 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

I was in SJR/bldg28 ... but playing disk engineer across the street and DBMS in STL and also doing stuff for the Los Gatos VLSI group which let me have a wing with offices & labs out in bldg29. Then I got transferred to YKT (presumably for various transgressions, like online computer conferencing & Tandem Memos) ... but stayed in San Jose, kept my office in bldg28 (and Los Gatos, and new office in ALM when research moved up the hill) but had to commute to YKT a couple times a month.

LSG VLSI group was using MetaWare's TWS for various languages (primarily two people in ... including doing Pascal which was used for implementing VLSI tools (also morphs in VS/Pascal product). Two people doing much of the language work, leave IBM ... one for MetaWare. I had been doing some stuff with Palo Alto on the BSD (Berkeley UNIX) port to 370 and suggested they contract with MetaWare for a 370 "C" compiler. Before 370 BSD ships ... the group gets redirected to instead port BSD to the PC/RT (801/risc) workstation ... and the Palo Alto group has MetaWare do a "C" for the PC/RT.

An article Jim wrote on his departure from Research & System/R group (palming some number of things on me) was "MIP Envy" ... i've posted to alt.folklore.computers and archived here (20Sep1980)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007d.html#email800920
Jim's m'soft page moved here
http://jimgray.azurewebsites.net/
and publications
http://jimgray.azurewebsites.net/JimGrayPublications.htm
MIP Envy PDF
http://jimgray.azurewebsites.net/papers/mipenvy.pdf
related 24Sep1980
http://jimgray.azurewebsites.net/papers/CritiqueOfIBM'sCSResearch.pdf

from MIP Envy (System/R implemented on VM370/CMS):
The tool situation is exemplified by the state of IBM's system programming language PLS. PLS was created in the late sixties but the PLS group was disbanded in the early days of FS. The PLS group was reconstituted in 1976 by the Poughkeepsie lab. It supports PLS only on MVS (not VM or DOS)). So PLS3 is not supported on Release 6 of VM and hence most development shops have not moved to that release (which came out about a year ago)! People at Endicott are taking the Structured Programming verbs (SELECT, boolean expressions, etc.) out of System R because PLS is not supported on DOS. To give a grim example of the fate of tool builders, the author of VMSG (the electronic mail system we all use) was ordered not to work on it anymore! It is now supported by a informal group (not including the author of VMSG). There is no shortage of such stories. IBM development programmers have very primitive tools.

... snip ...

... the VMSG anecdote in part comes because the PROFS group had selected a very early, preliminary version of VMSG for the PROFS email client, then when the VMSG author tries to offer them a much enhanced version ... they attempted to have him separated from the company (apparently having claimed credit for the PROFS email client) ... it somewhat quieted down when the VMSG author shows that every PROFS email has his initials in a non-displayed field.

system/R posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#systemr
getting to play disk engineer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#disk

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Programming Languages in IBM

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Programming Languages in IBM
Date: 09 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#23 Programming Languages in IBM

I wanted to demonstrate that REX (before renamed REXX and released to customers) was not just another pretty scripting language ... so I chose the large assembler IPCS dump analyzer to redo in REX ... objective was to take 3months elapsed working less than half time, resulting in ten times the function and running ten times faster (slight of hand to make REX implementation run faster than the assembler version). I finished early so wrote a library of automated scripts that would search for common failure signatures. Also allowed it to run against a "dump" file or the running kernel

I had expected REX IPCS implementation, "DUMPRX" would be released to customers, in part since nearly every internal datacenter and IBM PSR made use of it. However for various reasons it wasn't ... but I did get IBM permissions to do user group presentations on how I had done the implementation ... and within a few months, similar non-IBM versions began appearing.

For 3090, the "service processor" started out as highly modified VM370/CMS Release 6 running on 4331 ... before ship, this was changed to a pair of 4361s. mentions that 3092 requires a pair of FBA 3370 disk drives, even for MVS installations (that has never had FBA support)
https://web.archive.org/web/20230719145910/https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_PP3090.html
All the 3092 screens were implemented in CMS IOS3270. The 3092 group also asked if they could ship DUMPRX with the service processor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#email861031
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#email861223

posts mentioning dumprx
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#dumprx

Later we had left IBM (after HA/CMP cluster scale-up was transferred, announced as IBM supercomputer and we were told we couldn't work on anything with more than four processors). IBM was going through difficult period trying to adapt to all its troubles ... one of the activities was offloading much of VLSI design tools to industry tool vendor ... however, since much of the industry uses SUN workstations ... they all had to be ported to SUN. I get contract from LSG to port a major tool (50,000 statement VS/PASCAL) to SUN. First problem was SUN Pascal appeared to have never been used for much more that academic language instruction and 2) SUN had outsource Pascal support to organization on the other side of the world (I've since got "Space City" bill cap and uniform insignia from that period that say "Space Command" & "Space Trooper" ... although not in English) ... in retrospect, it would have been easier to convert it to "C" (rather than SUN Pascal).

HA/CMP posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

VM370, 3081, and AT&T Long Lines

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: VM370, 3081, and AT&T Long Lines
Date: 10 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Cambridge had developed a activity monitor for CP67 and collected years of activity data (configuration, workload, & user profiles) ... it also shipped as part of CP67 distribution and Cambridge was getting copies of the data from most of the internal CP67 operations ... getting years of information from different configurations, workloads and users (as well as guest operating systems). After joining IBM (one of my hobbies was enhanced production operating systems for internal datacenters) I used the information for improving my dynamic adaptive resource management and scheduling ... and also developed automated benchmarks (requiring creating autolog command) varying configuration, workloads, and user characteristics (synthetic users that emulated all sorts pf activity, file, paging, working set, cpu, etc)

I've periodically mentioned that the development group in the morph of CP67->VM370 dropped and/or greatly simplified lots of CP67 stuff (sort of targeted for 370/145 trivial interactive), aka tightly-coupled multiprocessor, all my dynamic adaptive & scheduling stuff originally done as undergraduate, lots of other stuff. Eventually in the initial migration from CP67->VM370 ... did autolog and the automated benchmarking ... for validating migration of code. However, even relatively modestly heavy workload was guaranteed to crash VM370. So one of the next set of features migrated to vm370 was the CP67 internal serialization mechanism ... to keep VM370 was constantly crashing. VM370 had been going through a series of random patches for delaying user activity ... as countermeasure to some of the system crashing ... which was adding increasing cases of "zombie", hung users (that would be around until system re-ipl). The initial migration of CP67 internal serialization managed to not only eliminate a plethora of system crashes but also the growing cases of zombie users. Some old email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#email750102
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#email750430

For some reason, AT&T Long Lines is able to sign an agreement with IBM & Cambridge and they get a complete copy of one of my early VM370 production systems. Over the years they manage to tweak it to move to the latest 370 processors, added many local enhancemeents and also redistributed it around AT&T.

Cambridge Science Center posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech csc/vm (&/or sjr/vm) posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#cscvm

US HONE datacenters had been consolidated up in Palo Alto (across the back parking lot from Palo Alto Science Center). Cambridge (did CP40, CP67, CMS, bunch of online apps) had ported APL\360 to CMS/APL (had to restructure for large virtual memory environment and added API for system services). Originally HONE was suppose to be for branch office SEs to practice with guest operating systems ... but with CMS\APL ... sales&marketing support APL-based apps on HONE exploded ... and the guest operating system use disappears. PASC does APL\CMS for VM370/CMS as well as the APL microcode assist ... so HONE has ready access to lots of APL expertise on the other side of the parking lot.

With the consolidation of US HONE datacenters in Palo Alto, the system was also enhanced to support single system image, loosely-coupled eight system complex sharing large disk farm and load-balancing and fall-over across complex. However, HONE APL apps were compute intensive loading all eight systems. I then do multiprocessor support to my VM370 Release 3 (based) system ... initially primarily for HONE so they can add a 2nd processor to each system ... for 16 processors ... doubling the processing power.

HONE (&/or APL) posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone

Roll forward nearly a decade (since AT&T got copy of one of my vintage CSC/VM systems) and the IBM AT&T national account exec tracks me down at SJR. The problem was similar to ACP/TPF which didn't have multiprocessor support and the new 3081 started out to be multiprocessor only (in comments I also discuss HONE loosely-coupled cluster single-system image with load balancing/fall-over and tightly-coupled multiprocessing)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#77 IBM ACP/TPF
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#78 IBM ACP/TPF

My vintage VM370 system that AT&T was still running, was prior to the addition of multiprocessor support and IBM was afraid that AT&T would migrate company to the latest large single-processor Amdahl machine (about the same throughput as a two processor 3081k) ... and IBM wanted my help in assisting AT&T to moving to VM370 which supported tightly-coupled multiprocessor.

SMP, tightly-coupled multiprocessor posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#smp

I thought it was great that my 1975 dynamic adaptive resource management & scheduling managed to "adapt" from 1975 370/145 up through many processor models with wide range of configurations and user workloads.

other trivia: An APL-based analytical system model had been developed at science center and different versions were used for 1) making load-balancing decisions for the single-system image cluster complex and 2) performance predictor, where SEs could enter user configuration and workload characteristics and ask questions about configuration and/or workload changes.

Note around the time AT&T Long Lines getting a copy of my internal CSC/VM (before adding tightly-coupled multiprocessor, initially for HONE so they could add a 2nd CPU to each of the eight systems in their single-system complex) ... Future System (during FS, 370 work was being shutdown, which is credited with giving 370 clone makers their market foothold) had imploded and their was mad rush to get stuff back into the 370 product pipelines ... and decision was made to start charging for kernel software (as countermeasure to clone makers, in the 23Jun1969 announcement that included starting to charge for software, there was decision that kernel software would still be free).

23Jun1969 unbundling posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#unbundle
future system posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

A bunch of my internal stuff was selected for release as guinea pig for the change for kernel software charging (didn't include the tightly-coupled multiprocessor support, but included the kernel re-structuring required for multiprocessor implementation).

dynamic adaptive resource management posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#fairshare

In preparation for release, 2,000 automated benchmarks were done to validate the dynamic adaptive operation (took three months elapsed time). The first 1,000 benchmarks were carefully selected evenly distributed varied configurations and workloads. A version of the APL-based analytical system model was modified to predict the result of each selected configuration and workload ... and then compare the prediction with the actual benchmark (helping validate my dynamically adaptive algorithms as well as the analytical system model). Then for the second 1,000 benchmarks, the APL-based analytical system model would select the next configuration and workload combination (based on all past benchmarks), searching for possibly anomalous combinations that might not be handled correctly.

automated benchmark posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#benchmark

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Programming Languages in IBM

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Programming Languages in IBM
Date: 10 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#23 Programming Languages in IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#24 Programming Languages in IBM

Around time of doing (REXX) DUMPRX and the adtech conference mentioned here
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/96.html#4a

... part of adtech conference was looking at redoing parts of operating systems in (real) high level language ... with objective of portability ... playing with both pascal (initially done by Los Gatos) and playing with modula2. I also had HSDT project ... T1 and faster computer links (both terrestrial and satellite) ... and had an issue with VNET (that drove the majority of the internal network, larger than arpanet/internet from just about the beginning until sometime mid/lates 80s). The issue was VNET used the CP67 (and later VM370) spool system for intermediate storage ... it had a special diagnose 4k-byte interface ... that transferred 4k-bytes at a time ... problem was interface was synchronous (VNET couldn't overlap execution while spool interface read/wrote 4k block) and only 4k at a time ... on loaded system with other apps also using spool system ... VNET throughput easily drops to 5-8 4k records/sec. One full-duplex 56kbit link is little over 2 4k records/sec. One full-duplex 1.5mbit link sustained needs 70-75 4k records/sec. I wanted a spool file interface for VNET that could handle multiple hundred 4k records/sec (multiple sustained, full-duplex T1 links). I did a rewrite of VM370 spool function, implemented in VS/Pascal running in virtual address space ... with enhancements that VNET could use an asynchronous 4k record interface (overlap VNET execution with spool file i/o), read-ahead (multiple 4k records at a time), write-behind (again multiple 4k records at a time) with contiguous allocation ... along with other integrity & performance tricks moving spool file function out of the kernel.

hsdt posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt
internal network posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet

old email doing HSDTSFS (spool file rewrite) presentations at IBM and customer user group meetings
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011e.html#email870220

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Programming Languages in IBM

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Programming Languages in IBM
Date: 10 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#23 Programming Languages in IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#24 Programming Languages in IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#26 Programming Languages in IBM

Note that original mainframe TCP/IP support was originally done in VS/Pascal ... however, the communication group were fiercely fighting off its release. When they lost, they switched that since they had corporate strategic "ownership" of everything that crossed datacenter walls, it had to be shipped through them. What shipped got 44kbytes/sec sustained using nearly a whole 3090 processor. I then did the enhancements ("fixes") for RFC1044 and in some tuning tests at cray research between IBM 4341 and a Cray, got 4341 sustained channel speed throughput using only a modest amount of 4341 processor (something like 500 times improvement in bytes moved per instruction executed). RFC1044 posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#1044

Later, the communication group hired a silicon valley contractor to implement TCP/IP support directly in VTAM. The TCP/IP he demo'ed had performance significantly better than LU6.2. He was then told that everybody "knows" that a "proper" TCP/IP implementation is much slower than LU6.2, and they would only be paying for a "proper" TCP/IP implementation.

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Programming Languages in IBM

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Programming Languages in IBM
Date: 10 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

with regard to question about availabilty of the original source ... not that I know of ... was on tools disk ... as mentioned a number of times, wasn't distributed to customers ... but was able to do presentations on how I did it to customers and similar implementations started to appear ... from long ago and far away:
re: dumprx;

My decision to implement DUMPRX grew out of the experience of doing several related activities over the years.

In 1969, prior to joining IBM, I had modified CP/67 abend procedure to dump to tape in core-image format (previously it would create printer and had an option of writing print lines to tape). I then wrote a abend DUMP formater that would print the information on tape. Part of the formatting included map symbolic resolution of the contents of registers and specific other fields (i.e. hex addresses were resolved as being specific closest defined entry point plus displacement).

I also modified CP/67 to include in the pageable nucleus the complete loader table. The stand-alone loader was further modified to save in the loader table flags indicating SD (module base) and LD (secondary entry points) information. On exit, the stand-alone loader passes in registers the address of the loader table and the number of entries (vanilla pid loader support, still extent today). SAVECP on receiving control would copy the loader table entries to part of the pageable CP nucleus and write them to disk.

During 1979 and 1980, I developed a number of REXX EXECs. One, for example, displayed the SYSPAG and associated ALOCBLOK information of the live running system. Based on that experience, I became convinced that REXX was not just a simple enhanced EXEC processor but could be very viably used for a large number of system programming tasks that had previously been primarily done in ASSEMBLER.

Finally as a focal point to 1) provide a demonstration of REXX for system programming application and 2) provide a much needed enhancement to CP problem determination enhancements I decided to implement DUMPRX. The objectives I gave myself in late 1980 when I started DUMPRX were:

1) be written as much as possible in REXX 2) not take more than 2-3 months effort 3) be significantly faster than IPCS 4) provide significantly more function than IPCS, including map symbol resolution capability that I had prior to joining IBM 5) be easily extensible 6) support both DUMP and live-system analysis

In early spring of 1981, the first release of DUMPRX was made available and also some of the ideas and aspects of the technology were discussed at a SHARE BOF. I believe that the first release achieved all six of the prime objectives. Over the next several years various enhancements were made to DUMPRX and several other people contributed to the effort.

Various highlights:

DUMPRX runs as either EXEC or XEDIT macro with output "lines" being placed in an XEDIT file rather than being directly displayed. Information in XEDIT file can be saved and/or further processed using standard XEDIT file commands. Also, automated EXECs can be created that execute several commands non-interactively and save the results in a DUMPRX XEDIT file.

Subset-mode environment exits during DUMPRX operation.

DUMPRX does detailed trace table formatting. Trace table entry display can be filtered by category, entry type, and in some instances sub-field type (i.e. all I/O activity for a specific device).

DUMPRX does formatted DSECT storage display using maclib members as a template and performing a credible job of on the fly DSECT "assembly" in 30-40 REXX statements

Sub-execs provide specialized functions. One such exec, CPRXF does a sanity check on all DMKRIO control blocks, major system chains, cortable information (cross-checking actual real page frame counts with VMBLOK counters), and displays notable information like all mp/ap lock status and all DMKLOC locks besides numerous other checks.

Supports symbolic variable definitions which can be used as arguments in all commands. Several exec operations automatically establish specific variable definitions (i.e. RIO 399 command will automatically assign the hex storage locations to variables: RCHBLOK, RCUBLOK, and RDEVBLOK). Variable assignment statement supports both assigning a variable a specific value and assigning a variable the contents of a specific storage location.

Full loader table is stored in CP nucleus and available to DUMPRX virtual machine for resolving symbols in doing "live" system analysis.

Direct distribution list is to over 100 internal IBM locations.

Package available to any internal IBM site on IBM tools conferencing disk.

Full text of abend codes (from messages and codes manual) are online and can be looked up automatically ... and/or extensions added.

Total effort by all participants is on the order of 8 to 12 months over the past 6-7 years. That includes original development, support, distribution, enhancement, release-to-release conversion, specialized support for internal IBM CP extensions (done in transparent manner so same DUMPRX can co-exist/be-used on vanilla and highly modified systems), and detailed extended analyser EXECs for CP, CMS, RSCS, and PVM.

In summary, REXX has very adequately demonstrated its usability as a system programming language. All of the simulated IPCS equivalent functions have a much better performance than in real IPCS. Some of the extended DUMPRX functions might benefit from specialized implementation in a compiled language (for instance, extended locate requests, detailed cortable analysis, storage use summary by scanning all of storage for the FRE-trap trailer fields). The potential benefit hasn't yet motivated anybody to do any rewriting yet. The pain of some of the detailed analysis can be mitigated somewhat by automating their execution and saving the results in a DUMPRX XEDIT file (i.e. non-interactive).

... snip ...

dumprx posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#dumprx

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM AIX

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM AIX
Date: 11 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#83 IBM AIX

In the language post/thread ...
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#23 Programming Languages in IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#24 Programming Languages in IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#26 Programming Languages in IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#27 Programming Languages in IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#28 Programming Languages in IBM

... I mentioned about Palo Alto starting doing UCB BSD (unix work alike) port for mainframe which was redirected to PC/RT (as "AOS", not AIX). Palo Alto was also working with UCLA on Locus (another unix work alike) ... which was eventually released as AIX/370 and AIX/386 ... having nothing to do with AIX for the PC/RT and AIX for RS/6000.

This was for HA/6000 (AIX) which started out for NYTimes newspaper system (ATEX) to move off DEC VAXCluster to IBM (IBM CEO was on NYTimes board). Previously there had been an Austin all hands meeting and executives said that they had told CEO that Austin was doing it ... and nobody better let it leak outside Austin that it wasn't being done.

Later when I was doing technical/scientific cluster scale-up with national labs and commercial cluster scale-up with RDBMS vendors, I renamed it HA/CMP (High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing). Was also working with LLNL on porting their supercomputer filesystem to HA/CMP and with NCAR on their supercomputer filesystem port to HA/CMP. Also had meetings with LANL and NASA/AMES on their filesystems.

Reference to Jan1992 cluster scale-up meeting in Ellison's conference room (16way mid1992, 128way ye1992)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13

Then over a few weeks after the Ellison meeting, cluster-scale-up was transferred, announced as IBM supercomputer (for technical/scientific *ONLY*) and we were told we couldn't work on anything with more than four processors (limit the threat to mainframe commercial), we leave IBM a few months later

17Feb1992 press, ibm supercomputer for scientific/technical *ONLY*
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters1

11May1992 press, national lab interest in cluster supercomputing caught IBM by "surprise" (even tho I had been working with them off&on for over a decade)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters2
The interest in clusters caught us by surprise, said Irving Wladawsky-Berger, IBM's assistant general manager of supercomputing systems. "It is one of these events where the users figured out what to do with our systems before we did."

... snip ...

801/risc, iliad, romp, rios, pc/rt, rs/6000, power, etc posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#801
HA/CMP posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

VM370, 3081, and AT&T Long Lines

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: VM370, 3081, and AT&T Long Lines
Date: 11 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#25 VM370, 3081, and AT&T Long Lines

The APL-based analytical system model, basis for (HONE) load-balancing and performance predictor and a lot of configuration & workload characterization, capacity planning, etc ... was the work of Yon Bard at the science center ... although we spent a lot of time collaborating.

Many years later ... around turn of century ... left IBM and was doing a lot of work in the financial industry. There was a datacenter for financial operation that did lots of outsourcing for financial institutions ... one of its datacenters had >40 maximum configured IBM mainframes (@$30M), none older than 18months, constantly rolling upgrades ... number needed to handle over 500M credit card accounts and do settlement in the overnight batch window ... all running a 450K statement cobol program. I was doing detailed analysis of activity doing multiple regression analysis (I had practiced at the science center) and identified something that resulted in 14% throughput improvement.

There was another person that had acquired the rights to a descendant of the performance predictor during the IBM's troubles in the early 90s and ran it through a APL->C converter ... he was using it for a lucrative (not just IBM) datacenter performance consulting business around the world ... and identified something for another 7% (total savings of 21% >40*$30M ... i.e. >$1.2B or >$252M on money being spent on IBM mainframes).

The organization had a large group that managed the performance care and feeding of the cobol application for decades ... but seemed to have gotten myopically focused on execution "hot-spots" ... and weren't recognizing some larger global issues.

One of the other datacenters handled all computing and dataprocessing (statements, billing, set-top box download, office 3270s, etc) for nearly every US cable TV company ... datcenter had one banner that said "129 CICS Instsnces"

science center posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
HONE &/or APL posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone
CICS &/or BDAM posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#cics

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Downturn

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Downturn
Date: 11 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#89 IBM Downturn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#88 IBM Downturn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#84 IBM Downturn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#83 IBM Downturn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#82 IBM Downturn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#81 IBM Downturn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#80 IBM Downturn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#79 IBM Downturn

... some additional HSDT & HA/CMP background ... besides working with NSF director on interconnecting the NSF supercomputer centers, was also working with IT guy in Clementi's E&S center in IBM Kingston that had whole boatload of Floating Point Systems boxes (and trying to figure out how 370 might play). Had a high speed satellite link between the Los Gatos lab on the west coast and Clementi's lab. in IBM Kingston. Communication group ("Ed") was trying to force us to use Zebra (precursor to 3737) ... but wouldn't scale up to T2 or T3.

Date: 06/06/84 15:08:59
To: wheeler

Hi Lynn,

Thanks for the TRBOX and now hsdt0425 file.. they both arrived by the time I had finished reading the prior hsdt0425.

A suggestion... is there some way to note the deltas? Now I have to carefully re-read each document as it arrives in order to note the changes. Speeds, I believe it works out thus:

t1 1.544 Mb
t2 6.12 Mb
t3 44.7 Mb
t4 274.5 Mb

Also for reference the A-720 can support speeds to the satellite of 56K to 44.7 megabits per sec.

Damped out Ed Suthenguths arguments about Zebra last week by saying the Sat. Project is planning to use 6 Mb bandwidths. If Ed gets the idea that this is only a T1 project then Ed will DEMAND we use Zebras.

... snip ... top of post, old email index

Zebra was precursor to 3737 ... which had a boatload of memory & 68k processors and simulated a local CTCA to host VTAM, immediately ACKing that RUs had arrived (even before sent, host VTAM couldn't handle even short-haul, low-latency T1, so had to spoof it). old email ref
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011g.html#email880130
in this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011g.html#77
and
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011g.html#email880606
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011g.html#email881005
in this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011g.html#75

Clementi ref
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Clementi

Note that floating point systems boxes were not only compute intensive (and relatively inexpensive) ... but supported 40mbyte/sec disk arrays ... to roll data into/out-of memory. When 3090 came out, there was vector processing added to the box (much higher price) but only had 3mbyte I/O channels (there was a horrible 3090 hack to demonstrate 40mbyte disk array). But a much more cost effective was Cornell's 3090 with its boat load of FPS boxes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_Point_Systems
Cornell University led by physicist Kenneth G. Wilson made a supercomputer proposal to NSF with IBM to produce a processor array of FPS boxes attached to an IBM mainframe with the name lCAP.

... snip ...

old email reference
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#email860430
in this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#19

HSDT was suppose to have gotten $20M to tie the NSF supercomputer centers together, congress then cuts the budget, some other things happen, and eventually NSF releases RFP (based in part on what we already had running) ... Old post with 28Mar1986 (NSF) preliminary release
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002k.html#12
The OASC has initiated three programs: The Supercomputer Centers Program to provide Supercomputer cycles; the New Technologies Program to foster new supercomputer software and hardware developments; and the Networking Program to build a National Supercomputer Access Network - NSFnet.

... snip ...

Internal politics prevented us from bidding and NSF director tried to help by writing IBM a letter 3Apr1986, NSF Director to IBM Chief Scientist and IBM Senior VP and director of Research, copying IBM CEO) with support from other agencies (but that just made the politics worse, as did comments that what we already had running was at least 5yrs ahead of all RFP responses).

Communication group was internally distributing enormous amounts of (SNA) misinformation (including to the corporate executive committee) about the (non-SNA) internal network, NSF networking, customer demand for T1, etc. Somebody collected a lot of the misinformation email and forwarded it to us. In the past, I posted to a.f.c. an heavily clipped and redacted subset (to protect the guilty).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#email870109

As regional networks connected into the NSF centers, it grows into the NSFNET backbone (precursor to modern internet)
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/401444/grid-computing/

hsdt posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt
ha/cmp posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp
NSFNET posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#nsfnet

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Downturn

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Downturn
Date: 11 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

... and more from Clementi's lab ... ... previously posted here
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2081f.html#110

Date: 06/06/84 16:16:56
To: wheeler

HI Lynn,

I'm on your side and so is xxxx. However I get the distinct impression that CPD is attempting to use Ed Suthenguths Zebra to slow thigs up. It could be rather embarrasing if someone other than CPD in IBM can offer a viable T1 solution that also can support t2 or t3. The meeting last week was set up by yyyy for the specific purpose of examining all CPD possibilities as solutions for implementation in this project in lieu of HYPERchannel. Now, even after xxxx got Ed to agree in public, that Zebra won't go faster than 2 Mb, he will be at the meeting on Tues. and yyyy expects him to continue to participate. Having seen how CPD lobbied against the NETEX contract I am perhaps biased that their prime objective is to use any vehicle other than HC for this project. It is only your arguement, and their admission that they have nothing, that can stop them from diverting the project to supporting T1 speed only. If t1 were the only candidate then Ed would be nominating his Zebra as the only logical choice (in my opinion.)

I will even predict that Ed will expect the Sat. project to permit him to test his Zebra... If that happens I would like to be involved and help him, but expect that he will pick up the costs and not expect the existing or proposed funding to absorb the delta cost (if any.)

What I am therefore suggesting is that you read your document from the CPD reference point. All of Lynn Wheeler's work of late has put significant pressure on CPD to get into the LAN business. Today they see T1 as about their upper limit - ie Rolms and the contract with CPD/Data Switch to provide a t1 voice/data switch.

If this project succeeds and IBM (xxxx) can offer our customers/internal greater than t1 before CPD announces and ships their voice/data switch what happens to their strategy on product announce times???

I would like to see us reach for higher than t1 sppeds as I think our "customer requirements" will exceed all expectations. Particularily when AT&T can today offer point to point 100/200Mb fiber to internal customers. What I saw down at the AT&T plant in Atlanta, Ga. and the backorders that were described, lead me to believe that within 2 years you will see a "leased/switched fiber" tariff.

Regards,

... snip ... top of post, old email index

battling CPD T1 still going on

Date: Fri, 15 Jul 88 17:06:59 est
From: lynn
Subject: t1 market

I'm not sure about that particular one, but I understand that for the fall '85 plan, cpd did a study and found that there was one (or possibly two) T1 connected to 3725 and only forcast six by 1989 (i.e. effectively no 3725 market business case). DSD non-concurred with the plan because they did a survey of DSD customers and found several thousand T1s (I don't remember for sure if it was 6,000).

As they say, it is all in how you ask the question, you can get any answer you want. Part of the problem is the 3725 is so slow and hard to program (remember the old saying about TSO, it may be slow, but it sure is hard to use?) ... that even with the T1 3725 RPQ the maximum thru-put using dedicated 3725s (each optimally tuned for just this one thing) on both ends is less than T1. A large part of that is bottleneck in 3725 & its programming, but some is just SNA.

To some extent that is where Ed S. Zebra (and product version, special bid 3737 comes in). Not only does it have multiple dedicated 68ks, but it is running a mini-vtam in the box because to really get effective use of a T1 link (even just standard terrestrial, not even satellite), SNA "protocol" has to be "enhanced" (i.e. you need to use something else) ... and that is the reason for the mini-vtam. The mini-vtam running in the 3737 has to spoof sna protocol to the host machine and then use a more efficient protocol over the t1 link (the local 3737 immediately tells the local host mainframe that the packet has arrived at the remote host mainframe ... even tho it is still in local buffer memory and hasn't even been transmitted ... then the 3737s do their spoofing magic underneath the covers using their own protocol ... and you just hope that the link doesn't go down while one of your packets are being processed ... sounds like the unix file system).

In any case cpd frequently uses circular logic to achieve their goals, they don't need high-speed hardware &/or architecture implementation because there is nobody using their hardware to do that (it is relatively obvious that it is quite difficult to find somebody using cpd hardware/architecture for something that it can't do). On the other hand, once DSD phrased the question in a different way, they found thousands of T1 links ... it was just none of it was using cpd hardware.

... snip ... top of post, old email index, HSDT email

and the (La Gaude) 3725 T1 RPQ ... sort of variation on "fat pipe" ... but in this case treating the T1 multiplexed 30 56kbit links as single logical link:

Date: SAT, 07/25/87
From: wheeler
...

In another case involving CPD La Gaude using 3725s to drive a T1 link over a satellite ... they have used a (non-IBM) multiplexor to partition the T1 link into multiple 56kbit links. SNA "architecture" (implement originally restricted number of "blocks out" to modulo7 .. then going to 127. For a T1 satellite channel, neither is sufficient to drive a T1 channel. However, they side-stepped the modulo127 architecture issue by partitioning the T1 channel into multiple subchannels ... the 3725 divides the datastream into almost 30 substreams, each with modulo blocks out, the hardware multiplexor recombines that into the T1 stream the multiplexor on the remote end splits it apart again and then the 3725 re-assembles it into a single stream ... all in order so there isn't an apparent violation of the architecture (even tho the "system" can have both logically and actually almost 30*127 blocks "out"). As long as the "violation" of the architecture is hidden in some other vendors box (i.e. in this case the multiplexor) then everything is full "SNA" compatible (disregarding the issue that the 3725 isn't physically capable of moving a T1 sustained stream of data ... closer to half a T1).

... snip ... top of post, old email index

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Doing Economics as if Evidence Matters

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Doing Economics as if Evidence Matters
Date: 12 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Doing Economics as if Evidence Matters
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/11/opinion/nobel-prize-economics.html
It turns out, however, that the credibility revolution is extremely relevant to current debates. For studies using the new approach have, in many though not all cases, strengthened the argument for a more active government role in addressing inequality. As I'll explain, that's not an accident. But first, what's this revolution all about?

... snip ...

inequality posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#inequality
capitalism posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#capitalism
tax fraud, evasion, avoidance, havens, etc posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#tax.evasion
racism posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#racism
pension posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#pensions

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Chicago Boys' 100% Private Pension System in Chile Is in Big Trouble

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Chicago Boys' 100% Private Pension System in Chile Is in Big Trouble
Date: 12 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Chicago Boys' 100% Private Pension System in Chile Is in Big Trouble
https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2021/10/chicago-boys-private-pension-system-in-chile-is-in-big-trouble.html
For over 40 years Chile, South America's most privatised economy, where even the water is in private hands, has been held up as a poster child for neoliberal economics. The Pinochet dictatorship's early years certainly provided the perfect testing ground for free market reforms conceived in the classrooms of the University of Chicago. The Chicago Boys, a group of 30 Latin American economists who had become acolytes of Milton Friedman as students in the US, took up key policy roles in Pinochet's government. In next to no time they had unleashed a battery of reforms that made their mentor proud -- at least for a short while.

... snip ...

posts specifically mentioning Milton Friedman and/or Chicago Boys:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#36 We've Structured Our Economy to Redistribute a Massive Amount of Income Upward
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#22 Neoliberalism: America Has Arrived at One of History's Great Crossroads
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#17 Jamie Dimon: Some Americans 'don't feel like going back to work'
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021.html#21 ESG Drives a Stake Through Friedman's Legacy
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2020.html#25 Huawei 5G networks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2020.html#15 The Other 1 Percent": Morgan Stanley Spots A Market Ratio That Is "Unprecedented Even During The Tech Bubble"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#158 Goliath
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#149 Why big business can count on courts to keep its deadly secrets
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#64 Capitalism as we know it is dead
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#51 Big Pharma CEO: 'We're in Business of Shareholder Profit, Not Helping The Sick
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#50 Economic Mess and Regulations
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#34 The U.S. Forgot What Antitrust Is For
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#32 Milton Friedman's "Shareholder" Theory Was Wrong
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#31 Milton Friedman's "Shareholder" Theory Was Wrong
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#14 Chicago Theory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#48 Here's what Nobel Prize-winning research says will make you more influential
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019c.html#73 Wage Stagnation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019c.html#68 Wage Stagnation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018f.html#117 What Minimum-Wage Foes Got Wrong About Seattle
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018f.html#107 Politicians have caused a pay 'collapse' for the bottom 90 percent of workers, researchers say
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018e.html#115 Economists Should Stop Defending Milton Friedman's Pseudo-science
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#83 Economists and the Powerful: Convenient Theories, Distorted Facts, Ample Rewards
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#81 What Lies Beyond Capitalism And Socialism?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#87 Where Is Everyone???
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#82 The Real Reason the Investor Class Hates Pensions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#25 Trump's Infrastructure Plan Is Actually Pence's--And It's All About Privatization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#60 When Working From Home Doesn't Work
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#47 Retirement Heist: How Firms Plunder Workers' Nest Eggs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#116 The Real Reason Wages Have Stagnated: Our Economy Is Optimized For Financialization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#92 'X' Marks the Spot Where Inequality Took Root: Dig Here
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#45 "Subprime Is Contained" (& Other Evidence That "They Really Don't Know What They're Doing")
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#9 Corporate Profit and Taxes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#107 Why IBM Should -- and Shouldn't -- Break Itself Up
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#83 How can we stop algorithms telling lies?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#79 Bad Ideas
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#63 Real World OODA
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#49 Shareholders Ahead Of Employees
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#19 Financial, Healthcare, Construction, Education complexity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#6 Mapping the decentralized world of tomorrow
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#53 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#45 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#44 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#16 Conservatives and Spending
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#8 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#96 [CM] What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#44 [CM] cheap money, was What was your first home computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#7 Arthur Laffer's Theory on Tax Cuts Comes to Life Once More
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#93 United Air Lines - an OODA-loop perspective
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#77 Trump delay of the 'fiduciary rule' will cost retirement savers $3.7 billion
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#67 Economists are arguing over how their profession messed up during the Great Recession. This is what happened
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017b.html#43 when to get out???
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017b.html#17 Trump to sign cyber security order
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017b.html#11 Trump to sign cyber security order
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#102 Trump to sign cyber security order
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#97 Trump to sign cyber security order
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#92 Trump's Rollback of the Neoliberal Market State
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#34 If economists want to be trusted again, they should learn to tell jokes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#31 Milton Friedman's Cherished Theory Is Laid to Rest
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#29 Milton Friedman's Cherished Theory Is Laid to Rest
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#26 Milton Friedman's Cherished Theory Is Laid to Rest
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#24 Destruction of the Middle Class
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017.html#17 Destruction of the Middle Class
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016d.html#72 Five Outdated Leadership Ideas That Need To Die
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013f.html#34 What Makes an Architecture Bizarre?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012p.html#64 IBM Is Changing The Terms Of Its Retirement Plan, Which Is Frustrating Some Employees
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012.html#45 You may ask yourself, well, how did I get here?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012.html#25 You may ask yourself, well, how did I get here?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008o.html#18 Once the dust settles, do you think Milton Friedman's economic theories will be laid to rest
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008c.html#16 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Programming Languages in IBM

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Programming Languages in IBM
Date: 12 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#28 Programming Languages in IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#27 Programming Languages in IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#26 Programming Languages in IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#24 Programming Languages in IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#23 Programming Languages in IBM

PLI trivia: Some of the MIT CTSS/7094 people went to 5th flr for MIT Project MAC to do MULTICS and others went to IBM Science Center on 4th floor and did virtual machines, lots of online apps, performance work and workload profiling, also leading to capacity planning, invented GML in 1969, etc. MULTICS originally was almost entirely implemented in PLI ... later as they optimized specific sections ... some small pieces were redone in assembler.

Multics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multics
4th flr, science center posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech

one of the telling things was the gov Multics (written in PLI) Security Evaluation had none of the buffer management bugs (that have been epidemic in C-language) implementations. IBM paper "thirty years later from the multics security evaluation
http://www.acsac.org/2002/papers/classic-multics.pdf
the original USAF security evaluation report:
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/history/karg74.pdf

buffer bugs/exploit posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#buffer

Multics security evaluation posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#22 Rust in peace: Memory bugs in C and C++ code cause security issues so Microsoft is considering alternatives once again
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#61 Famous paper on security and source code from the '60s or '70s
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#56 Famous paper on security and source code from the '60s or '70s
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#55 Famous paper on security and source code from the '60s or '70s
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014f.html#11 Before the Internet: The golden age of online services
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014f.html#10 It's all K&R's fault
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013m.html#38 Quote on Slashdot.org
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013i.html#11 EBCDIC and the P-Bit
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013h.html#35 Some Things Never Die
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013c.html#75 Still not convinced about the superiority of mainframe security vs distributed?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013.html#29 Java Security?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012j.html#97 Gordon Crovitz: Who Really Invented the Internet?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012g.html#5 What are the implication of the ongoing cyber attacks on critical infrastructure
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012d.html#59 A computer metaphor for systems integration
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011b.html#15 History of copy on write
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010j.html#63 Information on obscure text editors wanted
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010j.html#61 Information on obscure text editors wanted
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009n.html#38 Cybersecurity Today: The Wild, Wild West
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009g.html#19 Top 10 Cybersecurity Threats for 2009, will they cause creation of highly-secure Corporate-wide Intranets?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008r.html#18 Comprehensive security?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#31 multics source is now open
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004j.html#41 Vintage computers are better than modern crap !
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002l.html#42 Thirty Years Later: Lessons from the Multics Security Evaluation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#40 Why security training is really important (and it ain't anything to do with security!)

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Programming Languages in IBM

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Programming Languages in IBM
Date: 12 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#35 Programming Languages in IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#28 Programming Languages in IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#27 Programming Languages in IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#26 Programming Languages in IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#24 Programming Languages in IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#23 Programming Languages in IBM

a SJR co-working (including helping with early versions of CMSBACK, later morphs into WDSF & ADSM) left IBM and did a lot of consulting/contracting work ... fortran HSPICE enhancements and optimization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPICE#Commercial_versions_and_spinoffs

and a large VLSI shop with IBM mainframes. At the VLSI shop he did a lot of bug fixes and performance optimization for the AT&T "C" compiler ... and used it to port UCB/BSD VLSI tools to CMS. At one point, IBM marketing rep stopped by and asked what he was doing, he said he was doing mainframe ethernet support for using SGI graphic workstations as part of chip design. The marketing rep told him that he should be doing token-ring support or otherwise they may find that their mainframe service might not be as timely as it has been. I then get a phone call and have to listen to an hour of 4-letter words about IBM.

The next morning, the executive engineering VP has press conference to announce they are moving off all IBM mainframes to SUN servers. IBM then has a number of task force meetings to look at why silicon valley wasn't using IBM mainframes (but aren't allowed to consider the marketing rep's role).

The VLSI company makes the mainframe C compiler work (sells/licenses?) to a C vendor company ... which they license to IBM with IBM logo.

some past posts mentioning HSPICE
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#69 IBM Graphical Workstation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#42 IBM Powerpoint sales presentations
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021.html#77 IBM Tokenring
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011p.html#119 Start Interpretive Execution
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003n.html#26 Good news for SPARC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#4 Future architecture
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#3 Future architecture

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Confidential

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Confidential
Date: 13 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

One presentation up at agency up at ft. meade ... i had several documents stamped "IBM Confidential" in my backback. Getting in was easy, it was getting out that was the problem. Marines said how did they know that "IBM" wasn't a gov. classification. Took half an hour to find somebody with authority ... who showed up and said this has happened before.

I did a lot of work on OS/360 and CP/67 as undergraduate ... and IBM would pickup a lot of it and ship in products (especially the CP67 work) ... in CP67 case, IBM would even suggest things that I might do ... in retrospect some of the suggestions may have originated from gov. agencies (that I didn't learn about until later after joining IBM). old ref gone 404, but lives on at wayback machine
https://web.archive.org/web/20090117083033/http://www.nsa.gov/research/selinux/list-archive/0409/8362.shtml

After joining IBM I was asked to teach computer&security classes at gov. agencies. One time I was teaching to large class at agency down off the parkway, and the middle of the afternoon half the class gets up and walks out. I look quizative and somebody in the front row says I can look at it in one of two ways 1) half the class went to the auditorium to listen to the vice president or 2) half the class stayed to listen to me. Offline they also would tell me they knew where I was every day of my life back to birth and challenged me to name any day (strange since I've never had clearance). I guess they justified it because a lot of software they ran, I wrote ... it was also before the Church Commission. Later IBM got a new CSO (from gov. service, at one time head of presidential detail) and I was asked to run around with him some ... talking about computer security (and little bit of physical security wears off).

For some reason way too many of their people treated me as if I had clearance ... I kept reminding them that I didn't.

Recently I was reading book by Lansdale (Philippines, Vietnam, etc), he had story that included reference involving the VP going across the river to give a talk in the agency auditorium

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Registered Confidential

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Registered Confidential
Date: 14 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#37 IBM Confidential

I had complete set of 811 registered confidential documents (370/xa .. named for their nov1978 pub date). Kept in special double locked cabinet ... subject to surprise audits

I get a call from head hunter about interviewing for assistant to president of a clone mainframe vendor. I figure what the heck, it wouldn't hurt to interview (in part because I was periodically being told I had no career, promotions, raises at IBM). After some time in the interview, I'm asked obliquely what I know about new architecture. I obliquely answer that I recently wrote a speak-up with suggestion for improvements to the IBM Business Conduct Guidelines (that IBM employees are support to read annually) ... because I didn't believe the ethical requirements were strong enough. That was the end of the interview. A few months later I'm in a 3hr interview with FBI agent. The clone mainframe vendor was a US company selling clone mainframes made by non-US company on the other side of the Pacific ... that was being sued by the US gov. for industrial espionage. The FBI interview came about from their obtaining visitor logs. I tell him the story of the interview. I also tell him that I did have a full-set of 811, ibm registered confidential, architect documents ... and suggested somebody in security may have been providing lists of people with 811 documents to the clone mainframe maker.

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Registered Confidential

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Registered Confidential
Date: 14 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#38 IBM Registered Confidential

Around same time, I wrote an open door claiming I was significantly underpaid with all sort of supporting documentation. I got back a written response from the head of HR saying that after a complete review of my whole career, I was making just what I was suppose to. I took the written response and original opendoor and wrote a cover letter pointing out that I was being asked to interview new hires for a new group that would operate under my technical direction and they were being offered starting salary 30% more than I was making. I never got a written response, but a few weeks later I got a 30% raise (putting me on level playing field with the new hire offers). Lots of people reminding me that in IBM, Business Ethics was an oxymoron.

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

SUSE Reviving Usenet

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: SUSE Reviving Usenet
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 14 Oct 2021 14:27:10 -1000

Maus <Greymaus@mail.com> writes:
I was amazed when I moved from a BBS to usenet, at how `wild' the discussion was people would attack you for nno reason, just for fun. With the BBS system. if you get such a messae, you could call round to the poster to discuss the matter.

With the bbs systems, it cost little to set up a host, but expensive to call them.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#95 SUSE Reviving Usenet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#99 SUSE Reviving Usenet

... also periodically noticed from 90s on ... if troll wasn't generating enough for their satisfaction ... they would assume multiple persona taking different sides trying to draw in as many as possible into discussion

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Confidential

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Confidential
Date: 14 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#37 IBM Confidential

(after left IBM) TD to the DDI for Information Assurance Directorate had assurance panel session in the Trusted Computing track at IDF ... and asked me to give a talk on my chip (the guy running TPM was in the front row so I quipped that it was nice to see his chip looking more & more like mine, he quipped back that I didn't have a committee of 200 people helping me) ... gone 404, but lives on at the wayback machine
https://web.archive.org/web/20011109072807/http://www.intel94.com/idf/spr2001/sessiondescription.asp?id=stp%2bs13

2002, was having security chips built at new Infineon (Siemans) secure fab in Dresden (vetted by both US and German govs, but they also wanted me to do security walk through). Locals referenced failing Soviet facilities in the area. Flew back with weekend stop-over in Frankfurt ... monday morning checkin for flt to DC, agent checks the screen and then says the pilot wants to know if I would be carrying on the flt ... I replied that they must have me confused with somebody else (I did notice 4-5 FBIs in the united club that went to restroom and changed out of their shoulder holsters). couple past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003k.html#53 Getting old
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#76 Typesetting
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#75 Electronic Signature

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Business School Cases

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Business School Cases
Date: 15 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Nick Dinofrio stopped by Austin and all of the executives were out of town. Anne (my wife) did five hand drawn charts for Nick, and said that she would do it, can't be done in Austin, will be $5M (she had previous sized/estimated similar projects). Nick agreed. This was for HA/6000 (AIX) which started out for NYTimes newspaper system (ATEX) to move off DEC VAXCluster to IBM (IBM CEO was on NYTimes board). Previously there had been an Austin all hands meeting and executives said that they had told CEO that Austin was doing it ... and nobody better let it leak outside Austin that it wasn't being done.

We were working with non-IBM RDBMS vendors that had VAXcluster support in same source base with their Unix implementation. I did VAXcluster semantic APIs as part of easing the cluster unix RDBMS (IBM mainframe RDBMS wasn't portable and while there was ongoing work on c-language "SHELBY" for OS2 it was still to ship and would only have limited function). Then over a few weeks after the Ellison meeting, cluster-scale-up was transferred, announced as IBM supercomputer (for technical/scientific *ONLY*) and we were told we couldn't work on anything with more than four processors (limit the threat to mainframe commercial), we leave IBM a few months later

17Feb1992 press, ibm supercomputer for scientific/technical *ONLY*
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters1

Later two of the Oracle people in the Ellison conference room had left and were at a small client/server startup responsible for something called "commerce server". We are brought in as consultants because they want to do payment transactions on the server, the startup had also invented this technology called "SSL" they wanted to use, the result is now sometimes called "electronic commerce". I had absolute authority over the webserver to payment gateway ... but could only make suggestions between browser and webserver. I taught a couple classes on business critical dataprocessing to room of 30 or so employees, recent graduate (all paper millionaires) doing the browser/webserver side ... and they said it was too complex. I even showed client examples from BSD TAHOE/RENO distribution ... still too complex. Offline I would joke that if it wasn't in Steven's book, it apparently didn't exist. It took another year before got some of the stuff into the browser side.

Postel (internet RFC standards editor)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Postel
would let me help with some of the RFC stuff. He also sponsored my talk on "Why Internet Isn't Business Critical Dataprocessing" (based on compensating procedures I had to do for electronic commerce at Netscape) to group of graduate students at ISI/USC.

HA/CMP posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp
Internet posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internet

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Koch Empire

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Koch Empire
Date: 15 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Conservative Dark-Money Groups Push Deceptive Ads Against Biden's Agenda. Corporate interest groups linked to the Koch brothers and the Trump administration seek to turn the public against the Build Back Better plan.
https://theintercept.com/2021/10/15/conservative-dark-money-ads-biden-build-back-better/

The City of London Is Hiding the World's Stolen Money

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: The City of London Is Hiding the World's Stolen Money
Date: 17 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

The City of London Is Hiding the World's Stolen Money
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/11/opinion/pandora-papers-britain-london.html

U.K. Pushes for Finance Exemption From Global Taxation Deal
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-08/u-k-pushes-for-city-of-london-exemption-from-global-tax-deal
U.K. Chancellor of the Exchequer Rishi Sunak is pressing for the City of London to be exempt from a plan by global leaders to make multinationals pay more tax to the countries where they operate.

... snip ...

Treasure Islands: Uncovering the Damage of Offshore Banking and Tax Havens
https://www.amazon.com/Treasure-Islands-Uncovering-Offshore-Banking-ebook/dp/B004OA6420/
pg87/loc1816-20:
As I've noted, when Britain's formal empire collapsed, it did not entirely disappear. Fourteen small island states decided not to become independent and became instead Britain's Overseas Territories, with Britain's Queen as their head of state. It is a status that has been preserved until today. Exactly half of them--Anguilla, Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, and the Turks and Caicos Islands--are tax havens, actively supported and managed from Britain and intimately linked with the City of London.

... snip ...

A New Way to Tax Global Corporations, Explained
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-15/a-new-way-to-tax-global-corporations-explained-quicktake
136 Countries Agree to a Global Minimum Tax
https://www.wsj.com/podcasts/the-journal/136-countries-agree-to-a-global-minimum-tax/8e224344-5f9a-423d-bdc0-ded447a43f55
136 countries agree to set 15% minimum multinational corporate tax rate from 2023
https://www.zdnet.com/article/136-countries-agree-to-set-15-minimum-multinational-corporate-tax-rate-from-2023/
The world has agreed on a global minimum corporate tax rate--but is it enough?
https://www.fastcompany.com/90685194/the-world-has-agreed-on-a-global-minimum-corporate-tax-rate-but-is-it-enough
What's Behind the Tax Deal of the Century
https://www.barrons.com/articles/whats-behind-the-tax-deal-of-the-century-51633989261

South Dakota Turned Itself Into A Tax Haven. But Why?
https://www.forbes.com/sites/howardgleckman/2021/10/14/south-dakota-turned-itself-into-a-tax-haven-but-why/
The World's Rich and Powerful Are Stashing $500 Billion in This Tax Haven. South Dakota has no members in the Bloomberg Billionaires Index of the world's richest 500 people, yet it shelters some half a trillion dollars of wealth in trusts.
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-10-14/where-rich-people-stash-money-to-avoid-taxes-south-dakota-holds-500-billion
The Pandora Papers Shed New Light On The U.S. As A Tax Haven
https://www.forbes.com/sites/insider/2021/10/12/the-pandora-papers-shed-new-light-on-the-us-as-a-tax-haven/

tax evasion, tax avoidance, tax havens, tax fraud posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#tax.evasion
inequality posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#inequality

some of the recent posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#20 Trashing the planet and hiding the money isn't a perversion of capitalism. It is capitalism
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#17 Trashing the planet and hiding the money isn't a perversion of capitalism. It is capitalism
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#8 Pandora Papers: 'Biggest-Ever' Bombshell Leak Exposes Financial Secrets of the Super-Rich
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#6 Pandora Papers: 'Biggest-Ever' Bombshell Leak Exposes Financial Secrets of the Super-Rich
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#96 When the New York Times Colludes With the Billionaire Class
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#27 The top 1 percent are evading $163 billion a year in taxes, the Treasury finds
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#22 The top 1 percent are evading $163 billion a year in taxes, the Treasury finds
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#13 Companies Lobbying Against Infrastructure Tax Increases Have Avoided Paying Billions in Taxes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#19 Wealthiest Netted Billions From Trump Tax Cut They Helped Write: Report
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#54 Republicans Have Taken a Brave Stand in Defense of Tax Cheats
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#90 The Secret IRS Files: Trove of Never-Before-Seen Records Reveal How the Wealthiest Avoid Income Tax
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#83 How They Stole $50 Trillion. How We Take It Back
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#74 The Secret IRS Files: Trove of Never-Before-Seen Records Reveal How the Wealthiest Avoid Income Tax
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#56 U.K. Pushes for Finance Exemption From Global Taxation Deal
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#52 There Is No Labor Shortage, Only Labor Exploitation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#49 The Secret IRS Files: Trove of Never-Before-Seen Records Reveal How the Wealthiest Avoid Income Tax
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#38 Microsoft's Irish subsidiary paid zero corporation tax on $315bn profit
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021e.html#93 Treasury calls for doubling IRS staff to target tax evasion, crypto transfers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021e.html#78 In Washington State, the Left Won a Major Victory for Taxing the Rich
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021e.html#29 US tax plan proposes massive overhaul to audit high earners and corporations for tax evasion
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021e.html#23 Rich Americans Who Were Warned on Taxes Hunt for Ways Around Them
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021e.html#17 Biden Seeks $80 Billion to Beef Up I.R.S. Audits of High-Earners
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021e.html#1 Rich Americans Who Were Warned on Taxes Hunt for Ways Around Them
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#54 America's biggest corporations paid no federal income taxes last year
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#26 Multinationals shifted $1 trillion offshore, stripping countries of billions in tax revenues, study says
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021c.html#14 Lawyers, accountants and other professionals play key role in cross-border financial crime, OECD warns in new report
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021b.html#52 Luxembourg Investigations

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Downturn

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Downturn
Date: 17 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

trivia: in my executive exit interview from IBM, I was told they could have forgiven me for being wrong, but they were never going to forgive me for being right.

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Why Native Americans are buying back land that was stolen from them

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Why Native Americans are buying back land that was stolen from them
Date: 17 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Why Native Americans are buying back land that was stolen from them
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/why-native-americans-are-buying-back-land-that-was-stolen-from-them

Comanche Empire
https://www.amazon.com/Comanche-Empire-Lamar-Western-History-ebook/dp/B001HZZ05C/
loc4690-93:
When planning Comanche campaigns, the U.S. Army was able to draw on its rapidly accumulating experience in fighting the Plains Indians. The Lakota wars had revealed that regular soldiers, although armed with Colt revolvers and Winchester repeating rifles, were a poor match for the highly motivated and mobile Indian warriors

loc4695-99:
Short of troops and wary of open battles, the army set out to deprive the Comanches of shelter and sustenance by destroying their winter camps, food supplies, and horse herds. By the early 1870s this kind of total warfare against entire populations was an established practice in the U.S. Army.

... snip ...

Generals South, Generals North: The Commanders of the Civil War Reconsidered
https://www.amazon.com/Generals-South-North-Commanders-Reconsidered-ebook/dp/B012A1WML6/
loc6085-88:
Despite the mixed results of his approach to cavalry and the moral ambiguity (in the Indian Wars verging on genocide) of his policy of waging war on civilians, it cannot be denied that Sheridan was a superb leader of troops, a fine tactician, and an aggressive fighter, who was especially effective in forcing Lee to surrender his Army of Northern Virginia in the closing weeks of the Civil War.

... snip ...

Plains Indians
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plains_Indians
In 1874, President Ulysses S. Grant "pocket vetoed" a Federal bill to protect the dwindling bison herds, and in 1875 General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to slaughter the herds, to deprive the Plains Indians of their source of food.[27]

... snip ...

How Custer Met His End at Little Bighorn
https://www.historynet.com/last-stand.htm
In that year of 1876, the United States manufactured a war against the Sioux. Under the Treaty of 1868, most of these people had settled on a huge reservation in Dakota Territory. But some 3,000 tribesmen continued to roam the buffalo ranges in Wyoming and Montana, a right conceded by the treaty.
...
Since the Sitting Bull bands had provided no recent pretext for war, the government simply labeled them "hostile" and ordered them to abandon the old free life and settle on the reservation. From this order, predictably ignored by the Sioux bands scattered over the winter landscape, sprang the Great Sioux War of 1876.

... snip ...

The Earth Is Weeping
https://www.amazon.com/Earth-Weeping-Story-Indian-American-ebook/dp/B01BAU2L2S/
pg277/loc4191-98:
On November 3, Grant held a secret meeting in the White House with a select few like-minded generals and civilian officials to map out a war plan. On that day, the Peace Policy breathed its last. Generals Sheridan and Crook were present; General Sherman was not. He had fallen out with Secretary of War William W. Belknap and moved his headquarters from Washington to St. Louis. It is doubtful that anyone regretted Sherman's absence; more scrupulous than Sheridan, he might have objected to a plan that he considered illegal or unethical. Also absent was the peace proponent General Terry, in whose department the non-treaty bands wintered. The hawkish and morally bankrupt secretary Belknap attended. So too did the anti-Indian secretary of the interior, Zachariah Chandler. It is a sad reflection of the moral cesspool into which the Grant administration had sunk that the first instance of real cooperation between the War Department and the Bureau of Indian Affairs involved the most egregious treachery ever contemplated by the government against the Plains Indians.

pg277/loc4199-4203:
The conferees agreed on a two-phase plan. The president's edict reaffirming Lakota ownership of the Black Hills would stand, but the army would no longer enforce it. If the Lakotas retaliated against white trespassers, so much the better. Hostilities would help legitimize the secret second phase of the operation. To wit, the non-treaty Lakotas were to be given an impossibly short deadline to report to their agencies; the Indian Bureau was to fabricate complaints against them; and General Sheridan would begin preparations for his favorite form of warfare: a winter campaign against unsuspecting Indian villages.

pg278/loc4207-11:
To prime the public for war, the government leaked an inflammatory report of a routine tour of the Dakota and Montana Indian agencies by an Indian Bureau inspector dated nine days after the secret White House conference. The report was a put-up job to suit the administration's secret purpose. The "wild and hostile bands of Sioux Indians," roared the inspector, "richly merit punishment for their incessant warfare, and their numerous murders of settlers and their families, or white men wherever found unarmed." The true policy, the bureau cat's-paw concluded, was to whip them into subjection, the sooner the better.

pg278/loc4215-16:
All appeared neatly in order to commence a war of naked aggression.

... snip ...

Chernow seems to spin the corruption & treachery as Grant not directly involved.
https://www.amazon.com/Grant-Ron-Chernow-ebook/dp/B06W2J89PV/
pg1050/loc18821-25:
THE LAST THING Grant needed after the Whiskey Ring scandal was more cabinet wrongdoing, but the bloodletting had not yet ceased. The tenure of Secretary of the Interior Columbus Delano had been shadowed by controversy. His department was rife with fraud, suffering from accusations of an "Indian Ring" of corrupt agents who exploited Native Americans. To worsen matters, his son was accused of blackmail and corruption in the Wyoming Territory. As charges against Delano mounted, Grant resisted pleas to sack him.

... snip ...

Railroaded
http://phys.org/news/2012-01-railroad-hyperbole-echoes-dot-com-frenzy.html
and
https://www.amazon.com/Railroaded-Transcontinentals-Making-America-ebook/dp/B0051GST1U
pg77/pg1984-86:
By the end of the summer of 1873 the western railroads had, within the span of two years, ended the Indian treaty system in the United States, brought down a Canadian government, and nearly paralyzed the U.S. Congress. The greatest blow remained to be delivered. The railroads were about to bring down the North American economy.

pg510/loc10030-33:
The result was not only unneeded railroads whose effects were as often bad as beneficial but also corruption of the markets and the government. The men who directed this capital were frequently not themselves capitalists. They were entrepreneurs who borrowed money or collected subsidies. These entrepreneurs did not invent the railroad, but they were inventing corporations, railroad systems, and new forms of competition. Those things yielded both personal wealth and social disasters

pg515/loc10118-22:
The need to invest capital and labor in large amounts to maintain and upgrade what had already been built was one debt owed to the past, but the second one was what Charles Francis Adams in his days as a reformer referred to as a tax on trade. All of the watered stock, money siphoned off into private pockets, waste, and fraud that characterized the building of the railroads created a corporate debt that had to be paid through higher rates and scrimping on service. A shipper in 1885 was still paying for the frauds of the 1860s.

... snip ...

In the 1880s, Supreme Court were scammed (by the railroads) to give corporations "person rights" under the 14th amendment.
https://www.amazon.com/We-Corporations-American-Businesses-Rights-ebook/dp/B01M64LRDJ/
pgxiii/loc45-50:
IN DECEMBER 1882, ROSCOE CONKLING, A FORMER SENATOR and close confidant of President Chester Arthur, appeared before the justices of the Supreme Court of the United States to argue that corporations like his client, the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, were entitled to equal rights under the Fourteenth Amendment. Although that provision of the Constitution said that no state shall "deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law" or "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws," Conkling insisted the amendment's drafters intended to cover business corporations too.

... snip ...

... testimony falsely claiming authors of 14th amendment intended to include corporations, pgxiv/loc74-78:
Between 1868, when the amendment was ratified, and 1912, when a scholar set out to identify every Fourteenth Amendment case heard by the Supreme Court, the justices decided 28 cases dealing with the rights of African Americans--and an astonishing 312 cases dealing with the rights of corporations.

pg36/loc726-28:
On this issue, Hamiltonians were corporationalists--proponents of corporate enterprise who advocated for expansive constitutional rights for business. Jeffersonians, meanwhile, were populists--opponents of corporate power who sought to limit corporate rights in the name of the people.

pg229/loc3667-68:
IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, CORPORATIONS WON LIBERTY RIGHTS, SUCH AS FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND RELIGION, WITH THE HELP OF ORGANIZATIONS LIKE THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.

... snip ...

False Profits: Reviving the Corporation's Public Purpose
https://www.uclalawreview.org/false-profits-reviving-the-corporations-public-purpose/
I Origins of the Corporation. Although the corporate structure dates back as far as the Greek and Roman Empires, characteristics of the modern corporation began to appear in England in the mid-thirteenth century.[4] "Merchant guilds" were loose organizations of merchants "governed through a council somewhat akin to a board of directors," and organized to "achieve a common purpose"[5] that was public in nature. Indeed, merchant guilds registered with the state and were approved only if they were "serving national purposes."[6]

... snip ...

corporations & capitalism posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#capitalism

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Economists to Cattle Ranchers: Stop Being So Emotional About the Monopolies Devouring Your Family Businesses

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Economists to Cattle Ranchers: Stop Being So Emotional About the Monopolies Devouring Your Family Businesses.
Date: 17 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Economists to Cattle Ranchers: Stop Being So Emotional About the Monopolies Devouring Your Family Businesses. Agricultural economists manipulated data to block Congress from acting on high beef prices and the destruction of independent cattle ranching. Why? Because they think monopolies are good.
https://mattstoller.substack.com/p/economists-to-cattle-ranchers-stop

Counterfeit Capitalism: Why a Monopolized Economy Leads to Inflation and Shortages. From railroads to plastic bags to semiconductors to ice cream, Wall Street and monopolists are creating shortages and exploiting them.
https://mattstoller.substack.com/p/counterfeit-capitalism-why-a-monopolized
Last February, before Covid hit in force, I predicted in Wired magazine that this pandemic would introduce us to the problem of shortages. And now, almost every week I get emails from readers complaining about not being able to buy things they need. Politicians I know are hearing about it on the campaign trail. If you talk to local economic development officials, they will note that both shortages of goods and labor are the top concern of most businesses at this point. Reddit has a subreddit dedicated to shortages. The most recent Federal Reserve Beige Book mentions "shortage" 80 times. Even CNN is covering the problem, noting that shipping boxes have doubled in price and the cost of moving goods from East Asian to the U.S. or Europe has gone up five-fold.

... snip ...

The Price of Inequality: How Today's Divided Society Endangers Our Future
https://www.amazon.com/Price-Inequality-Divided-Society-Endangers-ebook/dp/B007MKCQ30/
pg35/loc1169-73:
In business school we teach students how to recognize, and create, barriers to competition -- including barriers to entry -- that help ensure that profits won't be eroded. Indeed, as we shall shortly see, some of the most important innovations in business in the last three decades have centered not on making the economy more efficient but on how better to ensure monopoly power or how better to circumvent government regulations intended to align social returns and private rewards

... snip ...

... then in the 90s, articles were starting to appear that executives were maximizing their bonuses by redirecting funds from other purposes (planning on being long gone, leaving it to others in the future to deal with the problems created). For instance, stock buybacks use to be illegal because it easily allowed executives to manipulate the market; example turning IBM into financial engineering company (on steroids) Stockman in "The Great Deformation: The Corruption of Capitalism in America"
https://www.amazon.com/Great-Deformation-Corruption-Capitalism-America-ebook/dp/B00B3M3UK6/
pg464/loc9995-10000:
IBM was not the born-again growth machine trumpeted by the mob of Wall Street momo traders. It was actually a stock buyback contraption on steroids. During the five years ending in fiscal 2011, the company spent a staggering $67 billion repurchasing its own shares, a figure that was equal to 100 percent of its net income.

pg465/loc10014-17:
Total shareholder distributions, including dividends, amounted to $82 billion, or 122 percent, of net income over this five-year period. Likewise, during the last five years IBM spent less on capital investment than its depreciation and amortization charges, and also shrank its constant dollar spending for research and development by nearly 2 percent annually.

... snip ...

corporations & capitalism posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#capitalism
stock buybacks posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#stock.buyback
inequality posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#inequality

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

SUSE Reviving Usenet

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: SUSE Reviving Usenet
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 17 Oct 2021 17:31:55 -1000

Peter Flass <peter_flass@yahoo.com> writes:
The best thing about Bitnet was that each host was an actively managed system. If you started to get insults, threats, etc. from someone you could contact POSTMAST AT <host>. In really bad cases they could revoke the user's access to Bitnet.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#95 SUSE Reviving Usenet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#99 SUSE Reviving Usenet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#40 SUSE Reviving Usenet

co-worker at (IBM) cambridge science center was responsible for the internal network (larger than arpanet/internet from just about the beginning until sometime mid/late 80s)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edson_Hendricks
... technology was also used for the corporate sponsored university BITNET (which was also larger than arpanet/internet for a time).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BITNET

I was blamed for online computer conferencing on the internal network in the late 70s and early 80s (folklore is that when corporate executive committee was told about it, 5of6 wanted to fire me). Afterwards, there was officially sanctioned computer conferencing software and discussion groups (with moderators).

I have old (1984) email from person in Paris tasked with setting up BITNET in Europe (EARN):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Academic_Research_Network#EARN
looking for networking applications. Early history (1985) of LISTSERV (had subset of functions available in internal computer conferencing software)
http://www.lsoft.com/products/listserv-history.asp

science center posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
internal network posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet
BITNET (&EARN) posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#bitnet
internal online computer conferencing posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#cmc

trivia: TYMSHARE:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymshare
had started offering its (VM370/)CMS-based online computer conferencing free to the (mainframe user group) SHARE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHARE_(computing)
in AUG1976, archives here:
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare

I had a deal with TYMSHARE to get monthly tape dump of all VMSHARE files for putting up on internal systems and network ... which sort of what sucked me into also doing computer conferencing on the internal corporate network.

we both transfer to silicon valley in 1977, SJMerc article about Edson and "IBM'S MISSED OPPORTUNITY WITH THE INTERNET" (gone behind paywall but lives free at wayback machine)
https://web.archive.org/web/20000124004147/http://www1.sjmercury.com/svtech/columns/gillmor/docs/dg092499.htm
Above article references Ed's website, other articles from Ed ... from the wayback machine.
https://web.archive.org/web/20000115185349/http://www.edh.net/bungle.htm

internet posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internet

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Downturn

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Downturn
Date: 17 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

... big part of "big iron" bigots was the communication group that had stranglehold on datacenters with corporate strategic stranglehold ownership for everything that crossed the datacenter walls and were fiercely fighting off client/server and distributed computing trying to preserve their "dumb terminal" paradigm.

... but just "big iron" bigots.

there was big effort around 1980 to move the large variety of internal CISC microprocessors to 801/RISC .... microprocessors used in low&mid-range 370 emulation (aka 4361/4381 follow-on to 4331/4341), controllers, as/400 (combined s/34, s/36, s/38 follow-on), etc. For whatever reason all those efforts floundered and they returned to doing custom CISC ... and some of the RISC engineers left to do RISC at other vendors.

801/RISC ROMP was going to be used for the displaywriter follow-on ... but got canceled with word processing moving to IBM/PC ... so the decision was made to target it for the UNIX workstation market ... getting the company that had done PC/IX (at&t unix) for the IBM/PC to do one of ROMP ... resulting in AIX & PC/RT.

trivia: I helped with 4361/4381 white-paper that CISC chip technology was advanced to the point where nearly all 370 could be directly implemented in silicon (and no longer needed microprocessor emulation that avg. ten native instruction for every 370 instruction).

note: PC/RT follow-on was RS/6000 with microchannel ... however AWD was mandated that they had to use the severely kneecapped PS2 microchannel cards ... joke that for most things RS/6000 wouldn't be any faster than PS2. Simple example was that the 4mbit token-ring card done for the PC/RT had higher card throughput than the PS2 16mbit token-ring microchannel card

801/risc, iliad, romp, rios, pc/rt, rs/6000, etc posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#801

... a $69 at-bus 10mbit ethernet card could easily get 8.5mbit throughput ... while a $799 microchannel 16mbit token-ring card couldn't even match the throughput of a pc/rt 4mbit token-ring card (communication group wanted to hang 300+ stations sharing 16mbit token-ring ... each station avg. a few kbits/sec for terminal emulation).

My wife got cornered into co-author for an IBM response to a gov. request for an agency needing super high-security campus environment ... where she included 3-tier architecture (with lots of security function in the mid-tier). We were then out doing high-performance 3-tier architecture presentations to customer executives ... and taking all sorts of (mis-information) arrows in the back from SNA, SAA, token-ring, communication group forces (all part of trying to preserve the dumb terminal paradigm).

3-tier posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#3tier

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Downturn

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Downturn
Date: 18 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Part of 1988 High Performance 3-tier (middle layer) comparing SNA, 300 station w/16mbit T/R and 300 workstation with high-performance TCP/IP router supporting 16 ethernet LANs. Note new Almaden Research bldg had been heavily provisioned with CAT4 supposedly for token-ring, but found that 10mbit ethernet had higher aggregate LAN throughput, higher per card throughput, and lower LAN latency than 16mbit token-ring. Aggregate 16mbit token-ring had a few mbits while aggregate ethernet was around 8.5mbits.


no. machines         300                  300
no. adapters         300                  300
cost/adapter         $800                 $69
total adapter        $240,000             $20,700
router               -                    $70,000
total cost           $240,000             $90,700

no. LANs             1                    16
router thruput       -                    400mbit
avail. LAN bw        4-6mbit              136mbit
machines/LAN         300                  18
avg bw/machine       13-20kbit           453kbit

$/LAN                $240,000             $5,668
$/mbit               $40k-$60k/mbit       $666/mbit

at the time the Dallas E/S center was publishing a comparison of 16mbit token-ring and ethernet ... I hazarded a guess that they were using data from early 3mbit ethernet prototype before the listen-before-transmit standard. ACM SIGCOMM (1988, V18N4) had detailed study of 30 station 10mbit ethernet that included test with all 30 stations in low-level device driver loop constantly transmitting minimum sized packets where the effective aggregate LAN throughput drops off to 8mbits/sec (corroborating IBM Almaden findings).

Note AWD had serial-link adapter (SLA) for RS/6000, had taken the mainframe ESCON, made it full-duplex and increased raw transmission rate by about 10% (so aggregate full-duplex SLA was >2.2 times half-duplex ESCON throughput, aka half-duplex ESCON had lots of protocol chatter latency, significantly cutting throughput to about 17mbytes/sec). AWD convinced one of the high performance router vendors to add SLA interface option. That way could have RS/6000 server with SLA interface to high performance router supporting large client community.

801/risc, iliad, romp, rios, pc/rt, rs/6000, power, power/pc posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#801
HSDT posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt
middle layer/3tier posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#3tier

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

3380 DASD

Refed: **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: 3380 DASD
Date: 18 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

"floating heads" were first for fixed-block architecture (512byte FBA) 3370s ... also didn't require datacenter environment ... spawned enormous number of distributed vm/4341s out in departmental areas (inside IBM resulted in departmental conference rooms becoming scarce) ... sort of the leading edge of the coming distributed computing tsunami.

As an aside original/early 3380s also had quality problems with surface "sticktion" (in addition to HDA problems). other trivia ... 1981, 630mbytes, had 20 track width spacings between data tracks. 3380E, 1985, cut the spacings between data tracks in half, doubled no. tracks & capacity to 1260mbytes. 3380K, 1987, cut spacing between data tracks again, triple no. tracks & capacity to 1890mbytes.

There was special 3380j end of 1988 ... reduced avg. seek to 12ms and max. seek to 21ms (compared to 16ms & 29ms for 3380k) ... but the 3380j only had original 3380 capacity & no. of tracks (aka a 3380k only using 1/3rd of the tracks and surface, so reduced arm travel distance).

We actually had a semi-facetious discussion at SHARE doing something similar for the original 3380 (with fewer tracks by microcode configuration). Issue was that some installations were filling 3380 full with three heavily loaded 3330s ... the problem was that 3380 access was faster than 3330 access ... but not three times faster ... so a single 3380 couldn't process as much as three 3330s. To convince customer accountants it was good deal, charge more for "fast" (small) 3380 than standard 3380 (something that they could do themselves by only limiting amount of data).

posts getting to play disk engineer in bldg14&15
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#disk

some past 3380k posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#39 what is 3380 E?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014m.html#101 Page Data Set Sizes and Volume Types
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012o.html#70 bubble memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#28 backup hard drive

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

ESnet

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: ESnet
Date: 20 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Facebook network historical discussion ... started w/ESnet
https://www.es.net/news-and-publications/esnet-news/2021/esnet-and-geant-upgrade-european-research-network-bandwidth-to-200gbps/

Co-worker at IBM Cambridge Science Center was responsible for the (non-SNA) internal network (larger than arpanet/internet until sometime mid/late 80s). science center posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
internal network
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet

We both transfer out to IBM San Jose Research in 1977. "IBM'S MISSED OPPORTUNITY WITH THE INTERNET" (gone behind paywall but lives free at wayback machine)
https://web.archive.org/web/20000124004147/http://www1.sjmercury.com/svtech/columns/gillmor/docs/dg092499.htm
also Edson (passes Aug2020)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edson_Hendricks

Spring 1979 I was con'ed into doing RAIN/RAIN4 benchmarks on engineering IBM 4341 for LBL (at the time, I was running system on probably the only 4341 outside Endicott development lab) ... I was told that LBL was looking at getting 70 for a compute farm (sort of leading edge of the coming cluster supercomputing tsunami).

Starting early 80s, I also had HSDT project ... T1 (1.5mbits/sec) and faster computer links (both terrestrial and satellite) and was working with NSF director ... was suppose to get $20M to interconnect the NSF supercomputer centers ... then congress cuts the budget, some other things happen and eventually an RFP is released (in part based on what we already had running). Preliminary announcement
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002k.html#12
"The OASC has initiated three programs: The Supercomputer Centers Program to provide Supercomputer cycles; the New Technologies Program to foster new supercomputer software and hardware developments; and the Networking Program to build a National Supercomputer Access Network - NSFnet."

... snip ...

Internal politics prevent us from bidding, the NSF Director tries to help writing the company a letter 3Apr1986, NSF Director to IBM Chief Scientist and IBM Senior VP and director of Research, copying IBM CEO) with support from other gov. agencies, but that just makes the internal politics worse. As regional networks connect in, it becomes the NSFNET backbone, precursor to modern internet
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/401444/grid-computing/

NSFnet posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#nsfnet

The (non-SNA) internal network technology was also used for the corporate sponsored univ BITNET (also larger than arpanet/internet for a time)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BITNET
also extended to Europe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Academic_Research_Network

BITNET posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#bitnet

One of the big differences between internal corporate high-speed links and NSF ... was the internal corporate links required link encryptors ... majority of internal corporate links were still kneecapped at 56kbits ... so it was easy to find link encryptors (and in the mid-80s, the major link encryptor vendor claimed that the internal corporate network had at least half of all link encryptors in the world) ... but I had to get involved in developing our own encryptors for high speed links.

Late 80s, got funding for HA/6000 (RS/6000 clusters), originally for NYTimes to move their newspaper system (ATEX) off VAX/cluster to IBM. After I started working on technical/scientific cluster scale-up with LLNL, LANL, NCAR and some others and commercial cluster scale-up with RDBMS vendors ... I renamed it HA/CMP (High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing). This is old post referencing to JAN1992 commercial cluster scale-up in (Oracle CEO) Ellison conference room (projecting 16-way clusters mid-1992 and 128-way clusters ye-1992).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13

Within a couple weeks of that meeting, cluster scale-up is transferred, announced as IBM supercomputer (for technical/scientific only) and we were told we couldn't work on anything with more than four processors. We leave IBM a few months later.

With LLNL we were also working on porting their filesystem (then renamed UNITREE) to HA/CMP and with NCAR porting their filesystem (Mesa Archival spinoff) to HA/CMP.

ha/cmp posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp

Other trivia, prior to NSFnet, NSF was providing funding for univ. "CSNET".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSNET

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

West from Appomattox: The Reconstruction of America after the Civil War

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: West from Appomattox: The Reconstruction of America after the Civil War
Date: 20 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

West from Appomattox: The Reconstruction of America after the Civil War
https://www.amazon.com/West-Appomattox-Reconstruction-America-after-ebook/dp/B0015R3Q3A/
loc107-11:
This process was not as simple as today's politicians would have us think, with small-government Republicans fighting against big-government Democrats who wanted to create a welfare state. In fact, in the mid-1800s, it was the Republicans, not the Democrats, who stood for big government and Democrats who insisted on government limitations. Instead, the process was a complicated story in which sectional animosities, racial tensions, industrialization, women's activism, and westward expansion cut across party lines to create both a new definition of what it meant to be an American and a new vision of the government's role in the lives of its citizens.

loc122-27:
These were not academic questions either, for during the war the Republican Congress had strengthened the national government, expanding its power dramatically with an army and a navy of more than a million men, and increasing its role in the economy with new legislation to develop the nation. Then, in January 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment, ending slavery, indicated the firm intention of Republican congressmen to strengthen the national government. With its second section declaring that "Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation," it was the first amendment in the history of the American Constitution that increased, rather than limited, the power of the national government.

loc131-33:
late nineteenth-century Americans did not, in fact, decrease the size and activity of the national government. They increased it. How did they justify this contradiction? This question interested me deeply, for the Reagan Revolution of the 1980s brought this same paradox to the fore in modern

loc147-49:
Finally, it was evident that the reconstruction years could not be understood without acknowledging the central importance of the American West. The postwar years were the heyday of westward expansion, miners, the American cowboy, Plains Indians, and gunfighters.

loc153-55:
Postwar "reconstruction" was the literal reconstruction of the North, South, and West into a nation in the aftermath of the Civil War. That rebuilding stretched from the end of the Civil War until the start of the twentieth century.

... snip ...

continental railroads play massive role

capitalism posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#capitalism

posts mentioning "railroaded":
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#46 Why Native Americans are buying back land that was stolen from them
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#28 Massive infrastructure spending has a dark side. Yes, there is such a thing as dumb growth
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#70 The Rise and Fall of an American Tech Giant
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#46 Under God
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#27 Why We Need to Democratize Wealth: the U.S. Capitalist Model Breeds Selfishness and Resentment
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021e.html#36 How the Billionaires Corporate News Media Have Been Used to Brainwash Us
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#71 Comanche Empire
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#144 PayPal, Western Union Named & Shamed for Overcharging the Most on Money Transfers to Mexico
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#44 Corporations Are People
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019c.html#75 Packard Bell/Apple
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019c.html#43 How a Right-Wing Attack on Protections for Native American Children Could Upend Indian Law
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019b.html#81 China Retools Vast Global Building Push Criticized as Bloated and Predatory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019b.html#71 IBM revenue has fallen for 20 quarters -- but it used to run its business very differently
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019b.html#47 Union Pacific Announces 150th Anniversary Celebration Commemorating Transcontinental Railroad's Completion
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019b.html#19 Does Capitalism Kill Cooperation?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019b.html#9 England: South Sea Bubble - The Sharp Mind of John Blunt
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019b.html#8 Corporations Are People' Is Built on an Incredible 19th-Century Lie
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019b.html#3 Corporations Are People' Is Built on an Incredible 19th-Century Lie
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019.html#60 Grant (& Conkling)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018e.html#72 Top CEOs' compensation increased 17.6 percent in 2017
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#52 We the Corporations: How American Businesses Won Their Civil Rights
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015b.html#42 Future of support for telephone rotary dial ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014m.html#39 LEO
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014m.html#37 Income Inequality
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014b.html#73 Royal Pardon For Turing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012i.html#1 Monopoly/ Cartons of Punch Cards
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012g.html#76 Monopoly/ Cartons of Punch Cards
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012.html#62 Railroaded
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012.html#57 The Myth of Work-Life Balance

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

ESnet

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: ESnet
Date: 21 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#52 ESnet

CSNET trivia, SJR put in email dialup gateway to CSNET fall1982 (udel)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/98.html#email821022
30Dec1982 forwarded email about 1Jan1983 TCP/IP Transition on ARPANET
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#email821230
02Feb1983 CSNET email distribution about switch to TCP/IP
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#email830202
followed by post with Aug1989 distribution of "A Critical Analysis of the Internet Management Situation" from "THE CRUCIBLE"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#19

internal network posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet
internet posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internet
NSFNET posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#nsfnet

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

ESnet

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: ESnet
Date: 21 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#52 ESnet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#54 ESnet

Internet trivia: after leaving IBM we were brought into small client/server startup as consultants, two of the former Oracle people (in the Ellison meeting) were there responsible for something called the "commerce server" and they wanted to do payment transactions on the server, the startup had also invented this technology they called "SSL" they wanted to use, the result is now frequently called "electronic commerce". I had absolute authority for everything from the webservers to the payment network gateways. The payment network trouble desks had policy that 1st level problem determination could be done within five minutes ... their first "webserver" trouble call took 3hrs investigation and closed with "NTF" (no trouble found). I had to develop compensating procedures and software to address the situation.

payment gateway posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#gateway

Postel used to let me help with the periodically (re-)released STD1 and he sponsored my talk "Why Internet Isn't Business Critical Dataprocessing" (based on work at the small client/server startup) at ISI (room full of ISI people and USC graduate students).

internet posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internet
NSFNET posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#nsfnet
ha/cmp posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp

business critical dataprocessing posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#42 IBM Business School Cases
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#24 NOW the web is 30 years old: When Tim Berners-Lee switched on the first World Wide Web server
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021e.html#7 IBM100 - Rise of the Internet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021c.html#68 Online History
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#87 5 milestones that created the internet, 50 years after the first network message
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#113 Internet and Business Critical Dataprocessing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019b.html#100 mainframe hacking "success stories"?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019.html#25 Are we all now dinosaurs, out of place and out of time?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018f.html#60 1970s school compsci curriculum--what would you do?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#81 Running unsupported is dangerous was Re: AW: Re: LE strikes again
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017g.html#14 Mainframe Networking problems
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017f.html#100 Jean Sammet, Co-Designer of a Pioneering Computer Language, Dies at 89
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#90 Ransomware on Mainframe application ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#14 The Geniuses that Anticipated the Idea of the Internet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017e.html#11 The Geniuses that Anticipated the Idea of the Internet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014m.html#142 IBM Continues To Crumble
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012j.html#56 Failing Gracefully
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2012h.html#74 Interesting News Article
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011i.html#27 PDCA vs. OODA
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#56 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#33 H5: Security Begins at the Application and Ends at the Mind
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008r.html#50 Security is a subset of Reliability
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008p.html#68 "The Register" article on HP replacing z
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008n.html#63 To what extent do IP networks meet the stringent requirements of High Availability (HA) where the target performance is 99.999%? What performance is obtained in practice
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008g.html#50 CA ESD files Options
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008g.html#29 CA ESD files Options
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#22 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#54 Industry Standard Time To Analyze A Line Of Code
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#34 EZPass: Yes, Big Brother IS Watching You!
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#38 Can SSL sessions be compromised?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#52 US Air computers delay psgrs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#28 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005h.html#16 Today's mainframe--anything to new?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005f.html#38 Where should the type information be: in tags and descriptors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005d.html#42 Thou shalt have no other gods before the ANSI C standard
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm26.htm#53 The One True Identity -- cracks being examined, filled, and rotted out from the inside

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM and Cloud Computing

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM and Cloud Computing
Date: 21 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Communication group kneecapped IBM/PCs where ever they could trying to limit them to 3270 emulation ... trying to preserve their dumb terminal paradigm. I periodically repost this from the disk division:

In the late 80s a senior disk engineer got talk scheduled at annual, world-wide, internal communication group conference supposedly on 3174 performance ... but opened the talk with statement that the communication group was going to be responsible for demise of the disk division. The issue was that the communication group had strategic ownership of everything that crossed the datacenter wall and were fiercely fighting off client/server and distributed computing. The disk division was seeing drop in disk sales with customers moving to platforms more distributed computing friendly. The disk division came up with a number of solutions, but they were constantly being vetoed by the communication group with their strategic stranglehold on datacenters. The communication group datacenter stranglehold not only affected disk sales but much of the rest of IBM computing business.

dumb terminal paradigm posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#terminal

.... note m'soft was late to the cloud also ... after leaving IBM ... I worked a lot with people doing cloud ... m'soft starting 10-15yrs after the other players ... IBM was more like starting 25yrs after the other players.

At the start, the cloud players viewed computing as purely cost and aggressively cutting hardware and software costs (IBM still viewed hardware&software as profit and m'soft at least viewed software as profit).

Cloud went to megadatacenters where they assembled their own systems, claiming 1/3rd the cost of brand name systems ... they so aggressively cut hardware & system costs (including "free" linux heavily customized for megadatacenter automation) that power & cooling increasingly became major cost item ... so they started aggressively promoting "green" computing in their megadatacenters. Claims are a megadatacenter will have half million or more servers (each server with 10 times the processing power of max. configured mainframe) and managed with staff of 80-120 people. A major cloud vendor can have a dozen or more megadatacenters around the world/

IBM sold off its server business after the server chip vendors publicized that they were shipping at least half their products directly to cloud operators.

megadatacenter posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#megadatacenter

Before sold off its server business, IBM had a base list price of $1815 for e5-2600 blade (common server in cloud datacenters at the time) which benchmarked at 500BIPS (industry standard benchmark with no. of iterations compared to 370/158 assumed to be 1MIP machine, $3.63/BIPS) at a time max. configured z196 was $30M and benchmarked at 50BIPS ($600K/BIPS).

cloud assembly e5-2600 1/3rd (IBM) brand name would be $605 or $1.21/BIPS.

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

After 9/11, the U.S. Got Almost Everything Wrong

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: After 9/11, the U.S. Got Almost Everything Wrong
Date: 21 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Empire of chickenhawks: Why America's chaotic departure from Afghanistan was actually perfect
https://www.alternet.org/2021/09/afghanistan-exit/
The biggest fallacy about our exit from Afghanistan is that there was a "good" way for us to get out. There is no good way to lose a war. With defeat comes humiliation. We were humiliated in the way we pulled out of Kabul -- and we should have been, because we believed the lies we had been told right up to the last moment.

... snip ...

The Afghanistan Papers: A Secret History of the War
https://www.amazon.com/Afghanistan-Papers-Secret-History-War-ebook/dp/B08VJLJ56L/

Democratic senators increase pressure to declassify 9/11 documents related to Saudi role in attacks
https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/566547-democratic-senators-increase-pressure-to-declassify-9-11-documents
Democratic senators and families of victims of the 9/11 attacks called on Thursday for the Biden administration to declassify and make available key documents related to Saudi Arabia's role in the terrorist attacks, ahead of the 20th anniversary commemorating the tragedy.

... snip ...

9/11 Had Nothing to Do with Afghanistan
https://www.counterpunch.org/2021/08/06/9-11-had-nothing-to-do-with-afghanistan/

... from truth is stranger than fiction and law of unintended consequences that come back to bite you, much of the radical Islam & ISIS can be considered our own fault, VP Bush in the 80s
https://www.amazon.com/Family-Secrets-Americas-Invisible-Government-ebook/dp/B003NSBMNA/
pg292/loc6057-59:
There was also a calculated decision to use the Saudis as surrogates in the cold war. The United States actually encouraged Saudi efforts to spread the extremist Wahhabi form of Islam as a way of stirring up large Muslim communities in Soviet-controlled countries. (It didn't hurt that Muslim Soviet Asia contained what were believed to be the world's largest undeveloped reserves of oil.)

... snip ...

Saudi radical extremist Islam/Wahhabi loosened on the world ... bin Laden & 15of16 9/11 were Saudis (some claims that 95% of extreme Islam world terrorism is Wahhabi related)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism

Mattis somewhat more PC (political correct)
https://www.amazon.com/Call-Sign-Chaos-Learning-Lead-ebook/dp/B07SBRFVNH/
pg21/loc349-51:
Ayatollah Khomeini's revolutionary regime took hold in Iran by ousting the Shah and swearing hostility against the United States. That same year, the Soviet Union was pouring troops into Afghanistan to prop up a pro-Russian government that was opposed by Sunni Islamist fundamentalists and tribal factions. The United States was supporting Saudi Arabia's involvement in forming a counterweight to Soviet influence.

... snip ...

and internal CIA
https://www.amazon.com/Permanent-Record-Edward-Snowden-ebook/dp/B07STQPGH6/
pg133/loc1916-17:
But al-Qaeda did maintain unusually close ties with our allies the Saudis, a fact that the Bush White House worked suspiciously hard to suppress as we went to war with two other countries.

... snip ...

Ghost Riders of Baghdad: Soldiers, Civilians, and the Myth of the Surge
https://www.amazon.com/Ghost-Riders-Baghdad-Soldiers-Civilians-ebook/dp/B014PWVUAC/
pg111/loc2179-82:
The backstory to all this is well reported. The Bush administration appointed hundreds of politically loyal neoconservative bureaucrats to run postwar Iraq, including the top civilian official--L. Paul Bremer. Bremer, heavily influenced by Iraqi exiles like Ahmed Chalabi and supported by Vice President Dick Cheney, implemented a policy of de-Baathification.

pg111/loc2193-95:
On 16 April 2003, Bremer, against the advice of Colin Powell's State Department and the Central Intelligence Agency, disbanded the Iraqi Army. 16 This seemingly simple decision placed a few hundred thousand unemployed young men back on the street with no effective reintegration strategy.

pg171/loc3246-49:
All this talk of "what-ifs" and lost Surge opportunities ignores one salient, if uncomfortable, fact: ISIS is an outgrowth of our own invasion. Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF--as we gleefully named it) was more than just an awful euphemism; it spelled catastrophe--and chaos--for most Iraqis.

... snip ...

The Deep State
https://www.amazon.com/Deep-State-Constitution-Shadow-Government-ebook/dp/B00W2ZKIQM/
pg190/loc3054-55:
In early 2001, just before George W. Bush's inauguration, the Heritage Foundation produced a policy document designed to help the incoming administration choose personnel

pg191/loc3057-58:
In this document the authors stated the following: "The Office of Presidential Personnel (OPP) must make appointment decisions based on loyalty first and expertise second,

pg191/loc3060-62:
Americans have paid a high price for our Leninist personnel policies, and not only in domestic matters. In important national security concerns such as staffing the Coalition Provisional Authority, a sort of viceroyalty to administer Iraq until a real Iraqi government could be formed, the same guiding principle of loyalty before competence applied.

... snip ...

The Accumulated Evil of the Whole: That time Bush and Co. made the September 11 Attacks a Pretext for War on Iraq
https://www.juancole.com/2021/09/accumulated-september-pretext.html

Before the Iraq invasion, the cousin of white house chief of staff Card ... was dealing with the Iraqis at the UN and was given evidence that WMDs (tracing back to US in the Iran/Iraq war) had been decommissioned. the cousin shared it with (cousin, white house chief of staff) Card and others ... then is locked up in military hospital, book was published in 2010 (4yrs before decommissioned WMDs were declassified)
https://www.amazon.com/EXTREME-PREJUDICE-Terrifying-Story-Patriot-ebook/dp/B004HYHBK2/

NY Times series from 2014, the decommission WMDs (tracing back to US from Iran/Iraq war), had been found early in the invasion, but the information was classified for a decade
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/10/14/world/middleeast/us-casualties-of-iraq-chemical-weapons.html

... trace back to supporting Iraq in the Iran/Iraq war, in the 80s, former CIA director H.W. is VP, he and Rumsfeld are involved in supporting Iraq in the Iran/Iraq war
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War
including WMDs (note picture of Rumsfeld with Saddam)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_war

note the military-industrial complex had wanted a war so badly that corporate reps were telling former eastern block countries that if they voted for IRAQ2 invasion in the UN, they would get membership in NATO and (directed appropriation) USAID (can *ONLY* be used for purchase of modern US arms, aka additional congressional gifts to MIC complex not in DOD budget). From the law of unintended consequences, the invaders were told to bypass ammo dumps looking for WMDs, when they got around to going back, over a million metric tons had evaporated (showing up later in IEDs)
https://www.amazon.com/Prophets-War-Lockheed-Military-Industrial-ebook/dp/B0047T86BA/

... kicking hundreds of thousands of former soldiers out on the streets created ISIS ... and bypassing the ammo dumps (looking for fictitious/fabricated WMDs) gave them over a million metric tons.

WMD posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#wmds
perpetual war
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#perpetual.war
military-industrial(-congressional) complex
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

posts mentioning Wahhabi
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#53 The Kill Chain
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#52 By Letting Saudi Arabia Off the Hook Over 9/11, the US Encouraged Violent Jihadism
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#50 FBI releases first secret 9/11 file
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#49 The Counterinsurgency Myth
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#46 FBI releases first secret 9/11 file
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#38 The Accumulated Evil of the Whole: That time Bush and Co. made the September 11 Attacks a Pretext for War on Iraq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#37 9/11 and the Saudi Connection. Mounting evidence supports allegations that Saudi Arabia helped fund the 9/11 attacks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#18 A War's Epitaph. For Two Decades, Americans Told One Lie After Another About What They Were Doing in Afghanistan
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#62 An Un-American Way of War: Why the United States Fails at Irregular Warfare
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#57 Generation of Vipers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#42 Afghanistan Down the Drain
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#11 Democratic senators increase pressure to declassify 9/11 documents related to Saudi role in attacks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#102 Democratic senators increase pressure to declassify 9/11 documents related to Saudi role in attacks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#4 Donald Rumsfeld, The Controversial Architect Of The Iraq War, Has Died
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#95 Geopolitics, Profit, and Poppies: How the CIA Turned Afghanistan into a Failed Narco-State
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#71 Inflating China Threat to Balloon Pentagon Budget
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#65 Biden takes steps to rein in 'forever wars' in Afghanistan and Iraq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#59 White House backs bill to end Iraq war military authorization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021e.html#42 The Blind Strategist: John Boyd and the American Art of War
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021c.html#22 Fighting to Go Home: Operation Desert Storm, 30 Years Later
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2020.html#22 The Saudi Connection: Inside the 9/11 Case That Divided the F.B.I
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#143 "Undeniable Evidence": Explosive Classified Docs Reveal Afghan War Mass Deception
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#135 Permanent Record
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#124 'Deep, Dark Conspiracy Theories' Hound Some Civil Servants In Trump Era
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#113 Post 9/11 wars have cost American taxpayers $6.4 trillion, study finds
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#105 OT, "new" Heinlein book
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#85 Just and Unjust Wars
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#70 Since 2001 We Have Spent $32 Million Per Hour on War
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#67 Profit propaganda ads witch-hunt era
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#58 Homeland Security Dept. Affirms Threat of White Supremacy After Years of Prodding
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#26 Radical Muslim
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#25 Radical Muslim
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#23 Radical Muslim
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#22 Radical Muslim
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#18 Before the First Shots Are Fired
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#15 Before the First Shots Are Fired
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#99 Trump claims he's the messiah. Maybe he should quit while he's ahead
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#79 Bretton Woods Institutions: Enforcers, Not Saviours?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#77 Magic and Mayhem: The Delusions of American Foreign Policy From Korea to Afghanistan
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#65 What Happened to Aung San Suu Kyi?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#54 Global Warming and U.S. National Security Diplomacy
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#47 Declassified CIA Document Reveals Iraq War Had Zero Justification
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#32 William Barr Supported Pardons In An Earlier D.C. 'Witch Hunt': Iran-Contra
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#7 You paid taxes. These corporations didn't
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019c.html#65 The Forever War Is So Normalized That Opposing It Is "Isolationism"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019c.html#15 Don't forget how the Soviet Union saved the world from Hitler
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019b.html#56 U.S. Has Spent Six Trillion Dollars on Wars That Killed Half a Million People Since 9/11, Report Says
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019b.html#17 How Iran Won Our Iraq War
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019.html#48 Iran Payments
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019.html#45 Jeffrey Skilling, Former Enron Chief, Released After 12 Years in Prison
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019.html#43 Billionaire warlords: Why the future is medieval
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019.html#41 Family of Secrets

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

U.S. Oil Hub Emptying to Levels Last Seen When Crude Cost $100

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: U.S. Oil Hub Emptying to Levels Last Seen When Crude Cost $100
Date: 22 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

U.S. Oil Hub Emptying to Levels Last Seen When Crude Cost $100
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/u-oil-hub-emptying-levels-223245249.html

Gas spiked over $4 summer 2008. Griftopia did chapter on the event.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griftopia
https://www.amazon.com/Griftopia-Machines-Vampire-Breaking-America-ebook/dp/B003F3FJS2/

CFTC use to have regulations that only those with significant positions could play, because speculators resulted in wild, irrational price swings. Then 19 secret letters were sent allowing specific speculators to play ... they pump&dump on the way up and then short on the way down, enormous skimming from the volatility they manipulate.

Later, a member of congress released detailed transactions showing who was responsible for the volatility. The funny thing was that the press then pilloried/vilified the member of congress for violating the corporations' privacy (as opposed to criticize those manipulating the market).

griftopia posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#griftopia
capitalism posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#capitalism

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Order of Knights VM

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Order of Knights VM
Date: 22 Oct 2021
Blog: LinkedIn

"Greater IBM" (gone 404) member profile article 4/2/2009 ... archived here
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/ibmconnect.html

mainframe zone "mainframe hall of fame" ... gone 404, but lives on at wayback machine
https://web.archive.org/web/20111223114404/http://www.mainframezone.com/blog/mainframe-hall-of-fame-four-new-members-added/
full list
https://www.enterprisesystemsmedia.com/mainframehalloffame

IBM System mag, Mar/Apr 2005, interview on garlic web pages, some info garbled, and garlic archive not all IBM history ... gone 404, but lives on at wayback machine
https://web.archive.org/web/20200103152517/http://archive.ibmsystemsmag.com/mainframe/stoprun/stop-run/making-history/
garlic web pages
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Knights of VM
http://mvmua.org/knights.html
showing 404 at the moment, but 18Sep2021 at wayback machine
https://web.archive.org/web/20210918192734/http://mvmua.org/knights.html

Hillgang meeting 16Mar2011 talk on history of virtual machine performance, repeat of original talk was given at the Oct86 SEAS (European SHARE) meeting held on Jersey ... post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011c.html#72
pdf file
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/hill0316g.pdf

As undergraduate in the 60s, I gave a SHARE talk on CP/67 performance enhancements ... part of it archived here:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/94.html#18

In the morph of CP67->VM370 there was lots of stuff dropped and/or significantly simplified ... including tightly-coupled SMP multiprocesssor support and a lot of stuff that I had done as undergraduate in the 60s. After joining IBM, one of my hobbies was enhanced production operating systems for internal datacenters (including world-wide online sales&marketing support HONE was long time customer). A couple old archived emails getting around to moving lots of stuff from CP67 to VM370
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#email750102
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#email750430

Some recent stories in Facebook "IBM Retirees" group, about AT&T Long Lines getting copy of my Science Center internal CSC/VM in 1975 (before multiprocessor support was added back in) and they were still running it in the 80s
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#25
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#30

In spring 1982, I sponsored an (internal) adtech (advanced technology) conference (one of the first since the implosion of FS) ... old post with refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/96.html#4a
also posted to
http://vm.marist.edu/~piper/party/jph-12.html#wheeler

recent posts to (facebook) Internet history and IBM Retirees (groups)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#52
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#54
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#55

other trivia: TYMSHARE started offering their CMS-based online computer conferencing system "free" to SHARE starting in Aug1976.
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare

I cut a deal with them to get a monthly tape dump of all VMSHARE (and later PCSHARE) files for putting up on internal systems (including the world-wide sales & marketing support HONE systems) and networks.

The hardest problem I found was with the IBM lawyers who were concerned that IBM (internal) employees would be contaminated exposed to customer information

IBM cambridge science center posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech csc/vm (&/or sjr/vm) posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#cscvm
SMP posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#smp
HONE posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

SUSE Reviving Usenet

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: SUSE Reviving Usenet
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 23 Oct 2021 09:52:37 -1000

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#95 SUSE Reviving Usenet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#99 SUSE Reviving Usenet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#40 SUSE Reviving Usenet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#48 SUSE Reviving Usenet

archived recent post in (facebook) internet history group, mentions internal corporate network, bitnet, csnet, nsfnet, etc.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#52
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#54
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#55

references archived a.f.c. post with copy of Aug1989 "A Critical Analysis of the Internet Management Situation" from "THE CRUCIBLE"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#19

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Tax Evasion and the Republican Party

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Tax Evasion and the Republican Party
Date: 24 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Tax Evasion and the Republican Party
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/24/opinion/republicans-tax-evasion.html

2002 congress lets the financial responsibility act lapse (spending can't exceed revenue, on its way to eliminating all federal debt). By 2005, comptroller general was including in speeches that nobody in congress was capable of middle school arithmetic (for how badly they were savaging the budget). 2010 CBO report 2003-2009 tax revenue cut by $6T and spending increased by $6T for $12T gap compared to fiscal responsible budget (first time taxes were cut to not pay for two wars). Sort of confluence of FEDRES and TBTF (too big to fail) needed huge federal debt, special interests wanting huge tax cut and military-industrial complex wanting huge spending increase.

spring 2009, IRS announced that it was going after $400B in taxes on money illegally stashed overseas by 52,000 wealthy americans (over and above the new tax loopholes that allowed trillions to be "legally" stashed overseas) since the start of the century ... then little or nothing in the news.

spring 2011 the new speaker of the house has press conference where he says he is cutting the budget for the IRS department responsible for recovering the $400B. Since then there has been periodic news about the banks and financial advisers have been fined a few billion for their part in facilitating illegally stashing trillions overseas (again, over and above the trillions that congressional tax loopholes allowed to be stashed overseas "legally") ... but almost nothing about recovering the $400B in taxes owed on the money illegally stashed overseas.

also spring 2011, the (same) new speaker of the house on local DC radio interview commented that he was placing the new "tea party" party darlings on the tax and revenue committee because those committee members get the most "contributions" from special interests (one of the reasons that congress is called the most corrupt institution on earth).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Boehner
https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/04/john-boehner-memoir-review.html

posts mentioning fiscal responsibility act
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#fiscal.responsibility.act
posts mentioning Comptroller General
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#comptroller.general
tax evasion, tax avoidance, tax havens, tax fraud posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#tax.evasion
posts mentioning Too Big To Fail
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#too-big-to-fail
posts mentioning the fed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#fed.reserve

Multinationals shifted $1 trillion offshore, stripping countries of billions in tax revenues, study says. The new analysis is based on corporation data first released in 2020 as part of an OECD-coordinated effort to tackle tax avoidance worldwide.
https://www.icij.org/investigations/paradise-papers/multinationals-shifted-1-trillion-offshore-stripping-countries-of-billions-in-tax-revenues-study-says/
Tax Havens and Other Dirty Tricks Let U.S. Corporations Steal $180 Billion From the Rest of the World Every Year. A new study shows that the corporate use of tax havens is central to how the U.S. functions and wields its power around the world.
https://theintercept.com/2018/10/26/tax-havens-and-other-dirty-tricks-let-u-s-corporations-steal-180-billion-from-the-rest-of-the-world-every-year/
The Secret IRS Files: Trove of Never-Before-Seen Records Reveal How the Wealthiest Avoid Income Tax
https://www.propublica.org/article/the-secret-irs-files-trove-of-never-before-seen-records-reveal-how-the-wealthiest-avoid-income-tax
Tax details of US super-rich allegedly leaked
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57383869
Bezos, Musk and other billionaires pay next to nothing in income taxes, report says
https://www.cnet.com/news/bezos-musk-and-other-billionaires-pay-next-to-nothing-in-income-taxes-report-says/
Rich Americans Like Bezos, Musk, Buffett Avoided Income Tax
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/08/us/politics/income-taxes-bezos-musk-buffett.html
How the US super-rich avoid paying taxes
https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/08/politics/what-matters-income-taxes/index.html
Why Are Billionaires Presumed Innocent? After an IRS leak, corporate media says there's nothing to see here because billionaire tax avoidance must be legal -- even though it occurred during a crime spree.
https://www.dailyposter.com/why-are-billionaires-presumed-innocent/
The Ultrawealthy Have Hijacked Roth IRAs. The Senate Finance Chair Is Eyeing a Crackdown. Sen. Ron Wyden, chair of the Senate Finance Committee, said he planned to rein in tax breaks for gargantuan Roth retirement accounts after ProPublica exposed how the superrich used them to shield their fortunes from taxes
https://www.propublica.org/article/the-ultrawealthy-have-hijacked-roth-iras-the-senate-finance-chair-is-eyeing-a-crackdown
Leading Manhattan DA Candidate Has Repeatedly Paid Virtually No Federal Income Taxes
https://www.propublica.org/article/leading-manhattan-da-candidate-has-repeatedly-paid-virtually-no-federal-income-taxes
ProPublica's Tax Revelations Lead to Calls for Reforms -- and Investigation
https://www.propublica.org/article/propublicas-tax-revelations-lead-to-calls-for-reforms-and-investigation
The Secret IRS Files Short Form: A Quick Guide to What We Uncovered
https://www.propublica.org/article/the-secret-irs-files-short-form-a-quick-guide-to-what-we-uncovered

Companies Lobbying Against Infrastructure Tax Increases Have Avoided Paying Billions in Taxes. Executives at JPMorgan Chase, FedEx, and others have spoken out publicly against Biden's proposed tax increases.
https://theintercept.com/2021/09/06/infrastructure-bill-companies-tax-increase/
An infrastructure proposal that would raise the corporate tax rate is facing opposition in Congress from companies that have dodged tens of billions of dollars in taxes over the last decade. Several such companies are lobbying against corporate tax increases and measures designed to crack down on tax havens in President Joe Biden's economic proposal.

... snip ...

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM ROLM

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM ROLM
Date: 24 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

I was blamed for online computer conferencing on the IBM internal network in the late 70s & early 80s ... folklore is when the corporate executive committee was told about it, 5of6 wanted to fire me. Later I had HSDT project (T1 and faster computer links, both terrestrial and satellite), I was told that with 5of6 wanting to fire me, there was no way that I would be promoted to the highest IBM technical position ... but the 6th funded HSDT as if I had been ... but had condition that I needed to use some IBM content.

Eventually I found the FSD Series/1 ZIRPEL T1 card. ROLM used Data General computers ... but they had recently been bought by IBM and I was told they had ordered a whole boatload of Series/1s creating a year's delivery backlog. The manager of the ROLM datacenter for a few years, I had known when they worked at IBM ... and was able to do some horse trading ... getting some of the ROLM Series/1s in return with helping ROLM with some development problems.

Later after leaving IBM I was working on chip design and talking to Siemens about fab'ing the chip. I had meetings with one of the Siemens chip people that had offices on the ROLM campus. Later he became president of Siemens Infineon chip spinoff and moved into new Infineon bldgs near intersection of 1st and 101 (he also got to ring the bell at NYSE when Infineon went public).

Later I was asked to do security audit/walkthrough of the new Infineon secure chip fab in Dresden (that already had been certified by German and US govs). Then the Technical Director to the agency DDI for Information Assurance Directorate was doing assurance panel in the trusted computing track at intel developer's forum and asked me to talk about my chip ... gone 404 but lives on at wayback machine:
https://web.archive.org/web/20011109072807/http://www.intel94.com/idf/spr2001/sessiondescription.asp?id=stp%2bs13

trivia: earlier ... communication group was fiercely fighting announcement of original mainframe TCP/IP support. When they lost, they changed their tactic and said that since they had strategic ownership of everything that crossed datacenter walls and therefor TCP/IP had to ship through them. What was delivered got 44kbytes/sec aggregate using nearly a whole 3090 processor. I then did the enhancements for RFC1044 support and in some tuning tests at Cray Research between 4341 and Cray, got sustained 4341 channel throughput using modest amount of 4341 processor. That flt to Minneapolis took off from SFO 20mins late for that trip but was wheels up five minutes before the earthquake hit (during the flt, there was load of whispering in the back ... so went back and asked what it was).

recent HSDT posts in this group
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#30 IBM HSDT & HA/CMP
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#71 IBM HSDT & HA/CMP
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#71 IBM MYTE
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#83 IBM Downturn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#31 IBM Downturn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#50 IBM Downturn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#52 ESnet

HSDT posts:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt
RFC1044 posts:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#1044
computer communication posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#cmc

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM 360s

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM 360s
Date: 24 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

... took intro to computers/fortran my sophomore year, univ. had 709 tape->tape with 1401 front-end tape<->unit record. End of class, I got student job rewriting 1401 MPIO for 360/30 (univ. had been sold 360/67 for tss/360 replacing 709/1401 ... 360/30 interim replacing 1401 pending 360/67) ... I got to design & implement my own stand alone monitor, device drivers, interrupt handlers, error recovery, storage management, etc (they could have just continued to use MPIO in 1401 emulation on 360/30, but it apparently was part of gaining 360 experience). Univ. shutdown datacenter on weekends ... and I had the whole place dedicated to myself for 48hrs straight, although 48hrs w/o sleep made monday classes a little hard). Within a year of taking computing/intro intro class, I was hired fulltime to be responsible for os/360 systems (tss/360 never came to production fruition so ran as 360/65).

Student fortran jobs had ran less than second on 709 tape->tape ... initially with os/360 running as 360/65 took over minute. I installed hasp which cut it in half. I then started doing carefully crafted SYSGENS for placement of files and PDS members for optimized arm seeks and multi-track searches ... cutting another 2/3rds to 12.9sec (student jobs never ran faster than 709 until installed Waterloo's WATFOR).

Then before I graduate, I'm hired into a small group in the Boeing CFO's office to help with the formation of Boeing Computer Services (consolidate all dataprocessing into an independent business unit to better monetize the investment, including offering services to non-Boeing entities). I thot Renton datacenter was possibly largest in the world, something like $200M-$300M in IBM 360s, 360/65s arriving faster than they could be installed, boxes constantly staged in hallways around machine room. 747-3 was flying skies of seattle getting FAA flt. certification. In Jan1968 at the univ. I had gotten a copy of Cambridge's (virtual machine) CP67 that I could play with on the weekends at the univ. When I was hired at Boeing, the CFO office just had a small machine room for 360/30 that was used for the company payroll ... but they expanded the machine room and installed a 360/67 for me to play with CP67 as much as I wanted to (when I wasn't doing other stuff). When I graduate, I join the IBM science center (instead of staying at Boeing).

Renton did have 360/75 ... it had black rope around perimeter area ... when running classified, they had black felt draped over console lights and 1403 printer window & back opening ... with guards at corners of perimeter.

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

addressing and protection, was Paper about ISO C

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: addressing and protection, was Paper about ISO C
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Mon, 25 Oct 2021 09:57:58 -1000

MitchAlsup <MitchAlsup@aol.com> writes:
I was a sophomore in an Algebra 2 class comprised of mostly seniors. I sat in the back of the room so as to not annoy the seniors. One day I was doing Latin homework and not paying any attention, at which time the teacher called upon me, I looked at the scribbling on the board and emitted the correct answer. The teacher did not bother me again. The seniors were both annoyed and amazed.

end of 5th grade there was achievement test that had x+y=3, 2x+y=5, solve for x and y. this was small rural school system and I had no idea what it was .. I asked and was told algebra. next time county bookmobile came through, I checked out algebra book ... by the end of summer had finished all the school math books the bookmobile had. school system didn't allow skipping any classes (one exception was physics sophomore year with seniors, which required that they also be taking senior trig ... but I had finished senior trig before 6th grade started) ... I did make cardboard slide rules during 6th grade and by the middle of the following summer was able to order a $4 sliderule from sears. 8th grade, read science fiction books during math class, got 100s on everything except zero for class participation).

In highschool I worked for the local hardware store and would periodically get loaned out to local contractors. I managed to save enough money I had enough to start at univ. after graduation. Summer after freshman year, I got job as foreman on construction job (in part because I could run the survey instrument, had three nine person crews) ... spring had been wet and they were way behind schedule and started working 80+hr weeks (time&half for 41-60, and double time for >60 ... more money/month until a number of years after graduation).

... took intro to computers/fortran my sophomore year, univ. had 709 tape->tape with 1401 front-end tape<->unit record. End of class, I got student job rewriting 1401 MPIO for 360/30 (univ. had been sold 360/67 for tss/360 replacing 709/1401 ... 360/30 interim replacing 1401 pending 360/67) ... I got to design & implement my own stand alone monitor, device drivers, interrupt handlers, error recovery, storage management, etc (they could have just continued to use MPIO in 1401 emulation on 360/30, but it apparently was part of gaining 360 experience). Univ. shutdown datacenter on weekends ... and I had the whole place dedicated to myself for 48hrs straight, although 48hrs w/o sleep made monday classes a little hard). Within a year of taking computing/fortran intro class, I was hired fulltime to be responsible for os/360 systems (tss/360 never came to production fruition so ran as 360/65).

Then before I graduate, I'm hired fulltime into a small group in the Boeing CFO's office to help with the formation of Boeing Computer Services (consolidate all dataprocessing into an independent business unit to better monetize the investment, including offering services to non-Boeing entities). I thot Renton datacenter was possibly largest in the world, something like $200M-$300M (60s $$$) in IBM 360s, 360/65s arriving faster than they could be installed, boxes constantly staged in hallways around machine room. 747-3 was flying skies of seattle getting FAA flt. certification. Some point at the univ. I had gotten a copy of Cambridge's (virtual machine) CP67 that I could play with on the weekends. When I was hired at Boeing, the CFO office just had a small machine room for 360/30 that was used for the company payroll ... but they expanded the machine room and installed a 360/67 for me to play with CP67 as much as I wanted to (when I wasn't doing other stuff). When I graduate, I join the IBM science center (instead of staying at Boeing).

science center posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech

Late 70s/early 80s, I was blamed for online computer conferencing on the internal network (larger than arpanet/internet from just about beginning until sometime mid/late 80s), folklore is that when corporate executive committee was told about it, 5of6 wanted to fire me (some claim that some 25,000 employees were reading, even tho only about 300 were participating). One of the outcomes was researcher was paid to study how I communicate, sat in the back of my office for 9months taking notes on how I communicated, went with me to meetings, got copies of all incoming & outgoing email and logs of all instant messages. Results were papers, books, and Stanford Phd (joint language & computer ai, winograd was advisor on computer ai side). The researcher had spent several years as ESL instructor ... and commented that my use of English is characteristic of non-native speaker (fluent in some other language) ... except I have no non-English native (natural) language.

online computer conferencing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#cmc

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM DASD

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM DASD
Date: 25 Oct 2021
Blog: LinkedIn

2321

took intro to computers/fortran my sophomore year and then with a year of taking the class, univ. hires me fulltime to be responsible for os/360 systems. The univ. library gets an ONR grant to do online catalog and some of the money goes to getting a 2321 datacell. The project was also selected to be one of the betatest sites for original CICS product ... and CICS debugging was added to my tasks. One of the first problems was CICS had hardcoded some BDAM options (and didn't mention it in CICS documentation) and library had created BDAM files with different set of options ... and CICS wasn't coming up ... pain to find w/o source. Other CICS trivia ... gone 404 but lives on at wayback machine:
https://web.archive.org/web/20050409124902/http://www.yelavich.com/cicshist.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20071124013919/http://www.yelavich.com/history/toc.htm

CICS &/or BDAM posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#cics

3350

1977 a couple of us from cambridge science center transfer to san jose research. I'm allowed to wander around (ibm and customer) datacenters in silicon valley. DASD engineering (bldg14) and DASD product disk (bldg15) were across the street. At the time they were running mainframe stand-alone testing, prescheduled 7x24 around the clock. They mentioned that they had tried running MVS, but it had 15min mean-time-between-failure (in that environment). I offer to rewrite input/output supervisor to make it bullet proof and never fail ... enabling any amount of on-demand concurrent testing ... greatly improving productivity. I then do an internal document about all the work ... and happen to mention the MVS 15min MTBF ... which brings down the wrath of the MVS group on my head (informally I was told they tried to have me separated from the IBM company, when that didn't work the resorted to other activities). Downside was the engineers kneejerk would blame me for any issues and I had to spend increasing amount of time playing disk engineer (mostly shooting their hardware problems).

I also tried to get 3350FH enhanced with "multi-exposure" capability ... separate device address somewhat like 2305
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_IBM_magnetic_disk_drives#IBM_2305

which would allow doing data transfer from the fixed-head area overlapped with separate channel program was moving the disk arm. It got shot down by VULCAN group in POK which was looking at coming out with electronic paging device (and they figured that enhancing 3350FH would improve its use for virtual memory paging and impact their VULCAN forecast). Eventually VULCAN was killed, the group was told that processor memory market was taking all electronic memory IBM made at higher market-up/profit ... so it would be foolish for IBM to sell some it at lower price/profit. By the time VULCAN was killed, it was too late to revive 3350FH multiple exposure proposal.

Turns out about this time IBM started contracting from outside vendor for electronic simulated 2305 as paging devices for internal IBM datacenters, referred to as "1655". This vendor had some amount of memory that failed tests for processor memory ... but would still work as electronic disk (where emulated disk electronics would compensate for various problems that caused it to fail as processor memory). Eventually they could be configured as 2305 CKD emulation or as a "native" FBA device at 1.5mbyte/sec transfer or as FBA device at 3mbyte/sec transfer.

getting to play disk engineer posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#disk

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM ACP/TPF

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM ACP/TPF
Date: 25 Oct 2021
Blog: LinkedIn

recent ACP/TPF thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#77 IBM ACP/TPF
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#78 IBM ACP/TPF

"TPF" rename for ACP ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Airline_Control_Program
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_Processing_Facility

sort of like CICS ... but the whole operating system. CICS to compensate for extremely heavy weight OS/360 overhead, would do as much as possible at start up to minimize its OS/360 use ... doing everything possible inside the CICS monitor. In the ACP/TPF case, it was the whole operating system that was made as highly efficient as possible (eliminating the enormous OS/360 overhead).

cics &/or bdam posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#cics

Later big problem come 3081 which was going to be a multiprocessor only product and TPF/ACP didn't have multiprocessor support. They did some unnatural things to VM/370 to improve ACP/TPF running in virtual machine on 3081 ... however it degraded almost all other customer throughput that had VM370 running on (any) multiprocessor (not just 3081). IBM was afraid that the whole TPF/ACP market might move to Amdahl ... since they had a new single processor machine (with about the same throughput as two processor 3081k). Eventually IBM came out with a single processor 3083 (a 3081 with one of the processors removed). trivia: during Future System (was going to completely replace 370), 370 efforts were being shutdown and lack of new 370s contributed to giving clone 370 makers their market foothold. When FS imploded, the 3033 & 3081 quick & dirty efforts were kicked off in parallel ... some more detail:
http://www.jfsowa.com/computer/memo125.htm
The 370 emulator minus the FS microcode was eventually sold in 1980 as as the IBM 3081. The ratio of the amount of circuitry in the 3081 to its performance was significantly worse than other IBM systems of the time; its price/performance ratio wasn't quite so bad because IBM had to cut the price to be competitive. The major competition at the time was from Amdahl Systems -- a company founded by Gene Amdahl, who left IBM shortly before the FS project began, when his plans for the Advanced Computer System (ACS) were killed. The Amdahl machine was indeed superior to the 3081 in price/performance and spectaculary superior in terms of performance compared to the amount of circuitry.]

... snip ...

future system posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

.... heavy weight OS/360 overhead trivia. A decade ago, I was asked if I could track down the decision to make all 370s "virtual memory". I eventually found somebody that was involved. Basically, OS/360 storage management was so bad that MVT regions typically had to be four times larger than used ... limiting a typical one megabyte 370/165 to four regions. Remapping MVT to a 16mbyte virtual address space, would allow increasing the number of regions by a factor of four with little or no paging. decade old ref:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011d.html#73

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

A Mini F-35?: Don't Go Crazy Over the Air Force's Stealth XQ-58A Valkyrie

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: A Mini F-35?: Don't Go Crazy Over the Air Force's Stealth XQ-58A Valkyrie
Date: 25 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

A Mini F-35?: Don't Go Crazy Over the Air Force's Stealth XQ-58A Valkyrie
https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/mini-f-35-dont-go-crazy-over-air-forces-stealth-xq-58a-valkyrie-46527
While the Air Force refused to disclose specifics of the XQ-58A, the drone is billed as having long range and a "high subsonic" speed. It is designed to be "runway independent," which suggests it will be flown from rough airstrips and forward bases. Still more clues can be found in a $40.8 million Air Force contract awarded to Kratos in 2016 under the Low-Cost Attritable Strike Unmanned Aerial System Demonstration program. That contract called for a drone with a top speed of Mach 0.9 (691 miles per hour), a 1,500-mile combat radius carrying a 500-pound payload, the capability to carry two GBU-39 small diameter bombs, and costing $2 million apiece when in mass production (an F-35 costs around $100 million).

... snip ...

... at one point, F-35 costs were so high they started quoting plane w/o engine and separate price for the engine. military-industrial(-congressional) complex
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

a couple past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021c.html#11 Air Force thinking of a new F-16ish fighter
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021e.html#46 SitRep: Is the F-35 officially a failure? Cost overruns, other issues prompt Air Force to look for "clean sheet" fighter

skyborg articles:

The F-16's Replacement Won't Have a Pilot at All. Somehow, Skyborg will be an operational weapon system in just three years.
https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/aviation/a33264422/us-combat-jet-drone/
Air Force's 'Skyborg' Robotic Wingman Will Revolutionize How Air Warfare Is Waged--And How Weapons Are Bought
https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2020/08/28/air-forces-skyborg-robotic-wingman-will-revolutionize-how-air-warfare-is-waged-and-how-weapons-are-bought/#522378856e76
Understanding the Promise of Skyborg and Low-Cost Attritable Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
https://www.mitchellaerospacepower.org/single-post/understanding-the-promise-of-skyborg-and-low-cost-attritable-unmanned-aerial-vehicles
Skyborg Could Develop Multiple Drones For Many Missions
https://breakingdefense.com/2021/02/skyborg-could-develop-multiple-drones-for-many-missions/
Air Force's 'Skyborg' AI System Flies for First Time in Mako Drone
https://www.military.com/daily-news/2021/05/05/air-forces-skyborg-ai-system-flies-first-time-mako-drone.html
The Air Force's first Skyborg autonomous drone prototype made its first flight
https://www.defensenews.com/air/2021/05/05/the-air-forces-first-skyborg-autonomous-drone-prototype-made-its-first-flight/
US Air Force autonomous drone Skyborg completes first flight
https://techxplore.com/news/2021-05-air-autonomous-drone-skyborg-flight.html
Skyborg makes its second flight, this time autonomously piloting
https://www.defensenews.com/unmanned/2021/06/30/skyborg-makes-its-second-flight-this-time-autonomously-piloting-general-atomics-avenger-drone/
Skyborg AI Flies Second Drone; Demos 'Portability'
https://breakingdefense.com/2021/06/skyborg-ai-flies-second-drone-demos-portability/
Skyborg AI Computer "Brain" Successfully Flew A General Atomics
https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/41364/skyborg-ai-computer-brain-successfully-flew-a-general-atomics-avenger-drone
Budgetary Pressures Could Push Skyborg Beyond 2023
https://breakingdefense.com/2021/08/budgetary-pressures-could-push-skyborg-beyond-2023/
Kratos, General Atomics get more money for Skyborg development
https://www.defensenews.com/air/2021/08/20/kratos-general-atomics-get-more-money-for-skyborg-development/

loyal wingman articles:

British shell out seed funding for 'loyal wingman' combat drone
https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2021/01/25/british-shell-out-seed-funding-for-loyal-wingman-combat-drone/
Australia makes another order for Boeing's Loyal Wingman drones after
https://www.defensenews.com/air/2021/03/02/australia-makes-another-order-for-boeing-made-loyal-wingman-drones-after-a-successful-first-flight/
Boeing inks $115M deal for 3 more Loyal Wingman drones for Australia
https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2021/03/02/australia-Loyal-Wingman-drone-deal-test-flight/8291614717962/
Boeing successfully flies unmanned autonomous military 'wingman'
https://www.theregister.com/2021/03/04/boeing_drone_wingman/
Loyal Wingman drone makes its first flight
https://www.cnet.com/news/loyal-wingman-drone-makes-its-first-flight/
The Boeing 'Loyal Wingman' is Australia's first combat drone
https://www.techspot.com/news/85099-boeing-unveils-australia-first-loyal-wingman-military-drone.html
Milrem and Kongsberg are building a robotic wingman
https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/dsei/2021/09/14/milrem-and-kongsberg-are-building-a-robotic-wingman/
Major Leap In Capability
https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/42481/pilots-can-now-work-with-a-virtual-wingman-to-fight-synthetic-enemy-aircraft-in-augmented-reality

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

MTS, 360/67, FS, Internet, SNA

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: MTS, 360/67, FS, Internet, SNA
Date: 27 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

I've posted in other places ... IBM sold 360/67 to lots of places based on "hyped" tss/360 ... but tss/360 never came to production fruition. Lots of places just used them as (non-virtual memory) 360/65 running os/360. Michigan and Stanford did virtual memory operating systems for 360/67. IBM Cambridge Science Center had done (virtual machine) CP40/CMS on a 360/40 with virtual memory hardware mods ... which morphs into CP67/CMS when 360/67 becomes available.

science center posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech

Some of the CP67/CMS group spins off from the science center and to do the CP67->VM370 morph and takes over the Boston Programming Center on the 3rd flr ... later when they outgrew the 3rd flr, the move out to the (empty) IBM SBC bldg at Burlington Mall.

Lots more early history CP40, CP67, TSS/360, 360/67, etc here in Melinda's history paper
https://www.leeandmelindavarian.com/Melinda#VMHist
https://www.leeandmelindavarian.com/Melinda/25paper.pdf
https://www.leeandmelindavarian.com/Melinda/neuvm.pdf

also mentioned here
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#70 IBM Research, Adtech, Science Center

Other old info, TYMSHARE started offering its CMS-based online computer conferencing system "free" to (IBM mainframe user group) SHARE starting in Aug1976 ... archives here
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare

Last week of Jan1968, three people from IBM CSC came out and installed CP67 (3rd installation after CSC and MIT Lincoln Labs) ... and it was mostly limited to my playing with it on weekends (I got to rewrite a whole lot of code). CP67 came with 2741 & 1052 support and did automagic terminal type setting the correct line scanner for a port with the controller SAD command. The univ had some number of ASCII/TTY33, so I added ascii terminal support to CP67 and then wanted a single number ... hunt group
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_hunting
for all terminals. Didn't quite work since I could switch line scanner for each port, IBM had took short cut and hard wired line speed for each port. Thus was born univ. project to do a clone controller, built a mainframe channel interface board for Interdata/3 programmed to emulate mainframe controller with the addition it could also do dynamic line speed determination. Later it was enhanced with Interdata/4 for the channel interface and cluster of Interdata/3s for the port interfaces. Interdata (and later Perkin/Elmer) sell it commercially as IBM clone controller. Four of us at the univ. get written up responsible for (some part of the) clone controller business.

clone controller posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#360pcm

trivia: MIT Lincoln Labs had done LLMPS which was in the SHARE user group program library. MTS folklore is that initial implementation was scaffolded off LLMPS. Some information about LLMPS
https://web.archive.org/web/20221216212415/http://archive.michigan-terminal-system.org/discussions/anecdotes-comments-observations/8-1someinformationaboutllmps
Did anything of LLMPS remain as part of UMMPS?
https://web.archive.org/web/20221216212415/http://archive.michigan-terminal-system.org/discussions/anecdotes-comments-observations/8didanythingofllmpsremainaspartofummps

MTS did something similar for IBM controller with PDP8
http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/gallery/gallery7.html
other MTS lore
http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/gallery/gallery8.html

... part of FS lore ... 1st part of the 70s, since FS was completely different from 370 and was going to completely replace it ... internal politics was shutting down 370 efforts ... and the lack of new 370 products during the period was credited with giving clone 370 makers (like Amdahl) their market foothold. Then when FS implodes, there was mad rush to get stuff back into the 370 product pipelines ... including kicking off the quick&dirty 3033 (remap 370/168-3 logic to 20% faster chips) & 3081 efforts in parallel.
http://www.jfsowa.com/computer/memo125.htm
note above also mentions Amdahl had left IBM before FS and shortly after ACS was shutdown ... executives were afraid that it might advance state-of-the-art too fast and IBM would loose control of the market ... following mentions some ACS features that don't show up until more than 20yrs later in ES/9000
https://people.cs.clemson.edu/~mark/acs_end.html

One of the last nails in FS coffin was analysis by the IBM Houston Science Center that applications from 370/195 converted to run on FS machine made out of the fastest available technology would have throughput of 370/145 (about 30 times slowdown).

FS posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

re: SNA; my wife was then in the gburg JES group on one of the "catchers" for JES3 ... she was then con'ed to going to POK to be in charge of (mainframe) loosely-coupled (cluster) architecture ... where she did Peer-Coupled Shared Data architecture. She didn't remain long because 1) constant battles with comunication group trying to force her into using VTAM (SNA) for loosely-coupled operation and 2) little uptake except for IMS hot-standby (until years later with SYSPLEX and parallel SYSPLEX).

Peer-Coupled Shared Data posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#shareddata

in the late 80s a senior disk engineer got talk scheduled at annual, world-wide, internal communication group conference supposedly on 3174 performance ... but opened the talk with statement that the communication group was going to be responsible for demise of the disk division. The issue was that the communication group had strategic ownership of everything that crossed the datacenter wall and were fiercely fighting off client/server and distributed computing. The disk division was seeing drop in disk sales with customers moving to platforms more distributed computing friendly. The disk division came up with a number of solutions, but they were constantly being vetoed by the communication group with their strategic stranglehold on datacenters. The communication group datacenter stranglehold not only affected disk sales but much of the rest of IBM computing business.

communication group & dumb terminal posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#terminal gerstner posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#gerstner

a couple years later, IBM had gone into the red and was being reorged into the 13 baby blues in preparation for breaking the company (gone behind paywall, mostly free at wayback machine)
https://web.archive.org/web/20101120231857/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,977353,00.html
may also work
https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,977353-1,00.html

we had left but get a call from bowels of Armonk asking if we could help with the breakup of the company. Lots of business units were using MOUs to leverage supplier contracts in other units, which would be in different corporations after the breakup. All these MOUs would have to be cataloged and turned into their own contracts (before we get started, a new CEO is brought in and reverses the breakup). We also get email from former coworkers complaining that top executives weren't paying attention to running the business but totally focused on moving expenses from the following year to the current year. We ask our contact in Armonk. He says top executives won't get a bonus for the current year, but the way the bonus plan is written if they can move enough expenses from the following year, nudging it even slightly into the black, they will get a bonus more than twice as large as any previous bonus (aka, getting rewarded for having taken the company into the red)

IBM downfall/downturn posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#ibmdownfall

re: some of my long winded comments about internet in recent ESNET discussion
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#55 ESnet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#54 ESnet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#52 ESnet

where I mention co-worker at science center responsible for the internal network (also used for corporate sponsored university bitnet) and then have HSDT project and working with NSF director on interconnecting the NSF supercomputer centers ... which blossoms into the internet. During this period, the communication group was spreading a lot of misinformation internally in IBM that SNA&VTAM could be used. Somebody collected a lot of the misinformation email and forwarded it to us. I previously posted a heavily clipped and redacted portion (to protect the guilty).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#email870109

internal network posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet
NSF posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#nsfnet

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

MTS, 360/67, FS, Internet, SNA

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: MTS, 360/67, FS, Internet, SNA
Date: 27 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#68 MTS, 360/67, FS, Internet, SNA

The original mainframe TCP/IP implementation was done in VS/Pascal and the communication group was fighting hard to prevent its release ... then when they lost, they changed their tactic and said that since they had corporate strategic ownership of everything that crossed the datacenter walls, it had to be released through them. What shipped got 44kbytes/sec aggregate throughput using nearly whole 3090 processor. I then did the enhancements for RFC1044 and in some tuning tests at Cray Research between an (IBM) 4341 and Cray got 4341 channel media throughput using only modest amount of 4341 processor (something like 500 times improvement in the no. bytes moved per instruction executed).

Same year, I had a IBM PC/RT workstation in (non-IBM) booth at Interop '88 ... was at immediate right angle to the Sun booth. Case was in Sun booth and before show started con'ed him into installing SNMP on the PC/RT. trivia: that weekend the show LANS were crashing ... there were four LANS and lots of machines were connected to two or more (for the 1st time) ... and all were acting as gateways ... creating huge packet floods. Gave rise to (in RFC1122):
An Internet host that includes embedded gateway code MUST have a configuration switch to disable the gateway function, and this switch MUST default to the non-gateway mode. In this mode, a datagram arriving through one interface will not be forwarded to another host or gateway (unless it is source-routed), regardless of whether the host is single-homed or multihomed. The host software MUST NOT automatically move into gateway mode if the host has more than one interface, as the operator of the machine may neither want to provide that service nor be competent to do so.

... snip ... Later the communication group hired a silicon valley contractor to implement TCP/IP directly in (mainframe) VTAM. What he demo'ed had TCP running significantly faster than (SNA) LU6.2. He was then told that everybody knows that LU6.2 is much faster than a "correct" TCP/IP implementation and they would only be paying for a "correct" implementation

1044 posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#1044
interop '88 posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#interop88

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Wild Ducks

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Wild Ducks
Date: 27 Oct 2021
Blog: LinkedIn

... the IBM 100th year wild duck video was about a customer ... all references to wild duck employees appeared to have been expunged. note ... FS failure in the mid-70s appeared to have started it ...from Ferguson & Morris, "Computer Wars: The Post-IBM World", Time Books, 1993
http://www.amazon.com/Computer-Wars-The-Post-IBM-World/dp/1587981394
.... reference to the "Future System" project

... and perhaps most damaging, the old culture under Watson Snr and Jr of free and vigorous debate was replaced with sycophancy and make no waves under Opel and Akers. It's claimed that thereafter, IBM lived in the shadow of defeat ... But because of the heavy investment of face by the top management, F/S took years to kill, although its wrong headedness was obvious from the very outset. "For the first time, during F/S, outspoken criticism became politically dangerous," recalls a former top executive.

... snip ...

... other FS detail
http://www.jfsowa.com/computer/memo125.htm

note above also mentions Amdahl had left IBM before FS and shortly after ACS was shutdown ... executives were afraid that it might advance state-of-the-art too fast and IBM would loose control of the market ... following mentions some ACS features that don't show up until more than 20yrs later in ES/9000
https://people.cs.clemson.edu/~mark/acs_end.html

so some seeds of the change may have been sown with killing of ACS.

FS posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

late 70s and early 80s, I was blamed for online computer conferencing (precursor to modern social media) on the internal network (larger than arpanet/internet from just about the beginning until sometime mid/late 80s) ... it really kicked off in volume after I distributed a trip report of visit to Jim Gray at Tandem (apr1981) ... the resulting activity from that trip report came to be called Tandem Memos (while only 300 some actively participated, claims that it was being followed by some 25,000). Folklore is that when corporate executive committee was told about it, 5of6 wanted to fire me. One of the explanations of why I wasn't fired was because so many production datacenters were running my systems. From IBMJargon:

Tandem Memos - n. Something constructive but hard to control; a fresh of breath air (sic). That's another Tandem Memos. A phrase to worry middle management. It refers to the computer-based conference (widely distributed in 1981) in which many technical personnel expressed dissatisfaction with the tools available to them at that time, and also constructively criticized the way products were [are] developed. The memos are required reading for anyone with a serious interest in quality products. If you have not seen the memos, try reading the November 1981 Datamation summary.

... snip ...

from "Tandem Memos" Executive summary (about 300 pages printed along with summary, packaged in TANDEM 3-ring binders and sent to corporate executive committee) :
PREFACE

This summary is an attempt to extract from the "Tandem memos" those points which seem worthy of management attention, emphasizing those points for which a clear plan of action can be recommended. Since this summary is less than 5% as long as the original documents, some points worthy of mention are inevitably left out

I have done my best to represent the discussion as accurately as possible. Occasionally, I have added comments which are not actually present in the "Tandem memos", but are consonant with them and, in most cases, were made in other contexts by the participants

The decisions of what material and topics to include in this summary are strictly my own. I apologize if something of significance has been omitted. The intention was to include those comments which seemed to be most widely held, most globally relevant, and most amenable to action by management

SUMMARY OF THE SUMMARY

To give the reader an overview of what follows, I include here the most important points. It is impossible to do justice to the entire discussion in such a short summary of a summary

• The perception of many technical people in IBM is that the company is rapidly heading for disaster. Furthermore, people fear that this movement will not be appreciated until it begins more directly to affect revenue, at which point recovery may be impossible

• Many technical people are extremely frustrated with their management and with the way things are going in IBM. To an increasing extent, people are reacting to this by leaving IBM Most of the contributors to the present discussion would prefer to stay with IBM and see the problems rectified. However, there is increasing skepticism that correction is possible or likely, given the apparent lack of commitment by management to take action

• There is a widespread perception that IBM management has failed to understand how to manage technical people and high-technology development in an extremely competitive environment.

... snip ...

online computer conferencing posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#cmc

re: summary of summary; aka, which comes to pass a decade later (1981-1992) ... reorging into "13 baby blues" in preparation for breaking up the company (gone behind paywall, mostly free at wayback machine)
https://web.archive.org/web/20101120231857/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,977353,00.html
may also work
https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,977353-1,00.html

IBM downfall/downturn posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#ibmdownfall

Note: a little after "Tandem Memos", I was introduced to John Boyd and would sponsor his briefings at IBM. Note in 89/90, the commandant of the marine corps leverages Boyd for a corps make-over ... at a time when IBM was desperately in need of a make-over (two organizations had about same # of people). The first time I sponsored John Boyd's briefings I tried to do it through plant site employee education. Initially they agreed, but after I provided more information about Patterns of Conflict (how to operate effectively (prevail) in competitive environment), they change their mind. They said that IBM spends a great deal of money educating managers on how to handle employees and they didn't think it was in IBM's best interest to expose general employees to Boyd's briefings. They wanted me to restrict the audience to senior members of competitive analysis departments. First briefing was unrestricted in bldg28 auditorium.

Boyd posts & WEB refs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

book review: Broad Band: The Untold Story of the Women Who Made the Internet

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: book review:  Broad Band:  The Untold Story of the Women Who Made the Internet
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 27 Oct 2021 11:41:38 -1000

"Kerr-Mudd, John" <admin@127.0.0.1> writes:
By no means do I wish to disparage this work, but, from your summary, it misses out on (call me parochial) British women from Bletchley Park onwards.

I periodically reference

If Discrimination, Then Branch: Ann Hardy's Contributions to Computing
https://computerhistory.org/blog/if-discrimination-then-branch-ann-hardy-s-contributions-to-computing/

TYMSHARE & TYMNET
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymshare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymnet

TYMSHARE
https://medium.com/chmcore/someone-elses-computer-the-prehistory-of-cloud-computing-bca25645f89
Ann Hardy is a crucial figure in the story of Tymshare and time-sharing. She began programming in the 1950s, developing software for the IBM Stretch supercomputer. Frustrated at the lack of opportunity and pay inequality for women at IBM -- at one point she discovered she was paid less than half of what the lowest-paid man reporting to her was paid -- Hardy left to study at the University of California, Berkeley, and then joined the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 1962. At the lab, one of her projects involved an early and surprisingly successful time-sharing operating system.

In 1966, Hardy landed a job at Tymshare, which had been founded by two former General Electric employees looking to provide time-sharing services to aerospace companies. Tymshare had planned to use an operating system that had originated at UC Berkeley, but it wasn't designed for commercial use, and so Hardy rewrote it.

Even after she was finished and Tymnet was up and running, people at the company continued to believe that her husband, Norman Hardy [PDF], had actually written the program.

... snip ...

Much more Ann Hardy at Computer History Museum
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102717167
Ann rose up to become Vice President of the Integrated Systems Division at Tymshare, from 1976 to 1984, which did online airline reservations, home banking, and other applications. When Tymshare was acquired by McDonnell-Douglas in 1984, Ann's position as a female VP became untenable, and was eased out of the company by being encouraged to spin out Gnosis, a secure, capabilities-based operating system developed at Tymshare. Ann founded Key Logic, with funding from Gene Amdahl, which produced KeyKOS, based on Gnosis, for IBM and Amdahl mainframes. After closing Key Logic, Ann became a consultant, leading to her cofounding Agorics with members of Ted Nelson's Xanadu project.

... snip ...

trivia; TYMSHARE started offering its CMS-based online computer conferencing, free to (ibm user group) SHARE in Aug1976, archive here
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare

I had cut a deal with TYMSHARE to get a monthly tape dump of all VMSHARE (and later PCSHARE) files for putting up on internal systems and network (the biggest problem ware the lawyers concerned it would contaminate internal employess exposing them to customer information).

other trivia: when MD bought TYMSHARE, I was brought in to evaluate GNOSIS (370 operating system) for spinoff KEYKOS/Key Logic (my review was cleared with my IBM research management as well as local branch) ... and had contact with several of the KEYKOS players for many years.

past posts with referencees
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#98 CMSBACK, ADSM, TSM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#27 Someone Else's Computer: The Prehistory of Cloud Computing

cloud computing & megadatacenters
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#megadatacenter

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

In U.S., Far More Support Than Oppose Separation of Church and State

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: In U.S., Far More Support Than Oppose Separation of Church and State
Date: 28 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

In U.S., Far More Support Than Oppose Separation of Church and State. But there are pockets of support for increased church-state integration, more Christianity in public life
https://www.pewforum.org/2021/10/28/in-u-s-far-more-support-than-oppose-separation-of-church-and-state/

... "fake news" dates back to at least founding of the country, both Jefferson and Burr biographies, Hamilton and Federalists are portrayed as masters of "fake news". Also portrayed that Hamilton believed himself to be an honorable man, but also that in political and other conflicts, he apparently believed that the ends justified the means. Jefferson constantly battling for separation of church & state and individual freedom, Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power,
https://www.amazon.com/Thomas-Jefferson-Power-Jon-Meacham-ebook/dp/B0089EHKE8/
loc6457-59:
For Federalists, Jefferson was a dangerous infidel. The Gazette of the United States told voters to choose GOD AND A RELIGIOUS PRESIDENT or impiously declare for "JEFFERSON-AND NO GOD."
.... Jefferson targeted as the prime mover behind the separation of church and state. Also Hamilton/Federalists wanting supreme monarch (above the law)

loc5584-88:
The battles seemed endless, victory elusive. James Monroe fed Jefferson's worries, saying he was concerned that America was being "torn to pieces as we are, by a malignant monarchy faction." 34 A rumor reached Jefferson that Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists Rufus King and William Smith "had secured an asylum to themselves in England" should the Jefferson faction prevail in the government.

... snip ...

June1940, Germany had a victory celebration at the NYC Waldorf-Astoria with major industrialists. Lots of them were there to hear how to do business with the Nazis
https://www.amazon.com/Man-Called-Intrepid-Incredible-Narrative-ebook/dp/B00V9QVE5O/
somewhat replay of the Nazi celebration, after the war, 5000 industrialists and corporations from across the US had conference at the Waldorf-Astoria, and in part because they had gotten such a bad reputation for the depression and supporting Nazis, as part of attempting to refurbish their horribly corrupt and venal image, they approved a major propaganda campaign to equate Capitalism with Christianity.
https://www.amazon.com/One-Nation-Under-God-Corporate-ebook/dp/B00PWX7R56/
part of the result by the 50s was adding "under god" to the pledge of allegiance (and the US motto, "In God We Trust"). slightly cleaned up version
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pledge_of_Allegiance
Even though the movement behind inserting "under God" into the pledge might have been initiated by a private religious fraternity and even though references to God appear in previous versions of the pledge, historian Kevin M. Kruse asserts that this movement was an effort by corporate America to instill in the minds of the people that capitalism and free enterprise were heavenly blessed. Kruse acknowledges the insertion of the phrase was influenced by the push-back against Russian atheistic communism during the Cold War, but argues the longer arc of history shows the conflation of Christianity and capitalism as a challenge to the New Deal played the larger role.[28]

... snip ...

My wife's father received a set of 1880 history books for some distinction at West Point from the daughters of the 17th century.
http://www.colonialdaughters17th.org/
From 1880, there was reference that if it hadn't been for the Scotts in the mid-atlantic states prevailing over the English in the northern states, our form of government would have been greatly different (Hamilton and Federalists pushing for things like president for life and above the law ... elected by the elites).

Is America A Christian Nation?
https://www.au.org/resources/publications/is-america-a-christian-nation
Admittedly, the U.S. government has not always lived up to its constitutional principles. In the late 19th century especially, officials often promoted a de facto form of Protestantism. Even the U.S. Supreme Court fell victim to this mentality in 1892, with Justice David Brewer declaring in Holy Trinity v. United States that America is "a Christian nation."

It should be noted, however, that the Holy Trinity decision is a legal anomaly. It has rarely been cited by other courts, and the "Christian nation" declaration appeared in dicta, a legal term meaning writing that reflects a judge's personal opinion, not a mandate of the law. Also, it is unclear exactly what Brewer meant. In a book he wrote in 1905, Brewer pointed out that the United States is Christian in a cultural sense, not a legal one.

... snip ...

The Christian Nation Debate and the U.S. Supreme Court
https://journals.openedition.org/ejas/8882
Founding Fathers: We Are Not a Christian Nation
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/founding-fathers-we-are-n_b_6761840
Christian nationalists are trying to seize power -- but progressives have a plan to fight back
https://www.salon.com/2018/12/16/christian-nationalists-are-trying-to-seize-power-but-progressives-have-a-plan-to-fight-back/

inequality posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#inequality
capitalism posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#capitalism

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

"The Spoils of War": How Profits Rather Than Empire Define Success for the Pentagon

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: "The Spoils of War": How Profits Rather Than Empire Define Success for the Pentagon
Date: 29 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

"The Spoils of War": How Profits Rather Than Empire Define Success for the Pentagon. Andrew Cockburn's new book is an incredible compendium of avarice and folly.
https://theintercept.com/2021/10/27/pentagon-budget-book-spoils-war-andrew-cockburn/
In the introduction to "The Spoils of War," an extraordinary new book by Andrew Cockburn, he makes a straightforward assertion about the U.S. military. "War-fighting efficiency has a low priority," he writes, "by comparison with considerations of personal and internal bureaucracies. ... The military are generally not interested in war, save as a means to budget enhancement."

... snip ...

Boyd quote
http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/john-boyds-art-of-war/
"Here too Boyd had a favorite line. He often said, 'It is not true the Pentagon has no strategy. It has a strategy, and once you understand what that strategy is, everything the Pentagon does makes sense. The strategy is, don't interrupt the money flow, add to it.'"

... snip ...

Pentagon Labyrinth
https://www.pogo.org/series-collections/pentagon-labyrinth/
The Pentagon Labyrinth: 10 Short Essays to Help You Through It
http://pogoarchives.org/labyrinth/full-labyrinth-text-w-covers.pdf

Perpetual war
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpetual_war

perpetual war posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#perpetual.war
military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex
WMD posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#wmds

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM 3278

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM 3278
Date: 30 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Thadhani (San Jose GPD) published studies ("Interactive User Productivity") which showed quarter second response had better productivity ... MVS/TSO systems rarely showed even 1sec response at the best. 3272/3277 terminals had .086 sec hardware response. For 3274/3278 they moved lots of the hardware back into the controller (to reduce 3278 manufacturing costs) ... replaced by enormous amount of coax protocol chatter & latency ... driving hardware response to half second ... and later with IBM/PC, 3277 cards had 3-4 the upload/download throughput of 3278 cards. Some internal VM370 installations were claiming best response with .25sec system response ... but coupled with 3272/3277 hardware response made it 1/3rd sec for humans. I had numerous internal datacenters running my enhanced production system (with similar workloads & configurations of those claiming world best .25sec system response) that had .11sec system response ... coupled with 3272/3277 terminals gave .196sec response seen by humans ... achieving the quarter second response goal.


3272/3277 compared to 3274/3278:

hardware    .086  .530
TSO 1sec   1.086 1.530
cms .25sec  .335  .78
cms .11sec  .196  .65

A letter was written to the 3274/3278 product administrator about how much worse it made interactive computing. The eventual response was that 3274/3278 weren't designed for interactive computing ... but data entry (aka electronic keypunch).

Above comparisons are for channel attached controllers ... SNA attached controller's added response could dwarf even TSO service times. Extract from one of the quarter second studies:
Applications developed for the 3272 will run un-modified on the 3274 but with substantially longer response times. Service time is 3-8 times that of the 3272.

Quarter second response time objectives CANNOT be achieved using 3274 model D control units in the local environment. If the terminals are remote transmission time to the TP link will add to the system response time.

... snip ...

In the late 80s, a senior disk engineer got a talk scheduled at internal annual world-wide communication group conference supposedly on 3174 performance ... but opens the talk with the statement that the communication group was going to be responsible for the demise of the disk division. The issue was that the communication group had stranglehold on datacenters with strategic responsibility for everything that crossed the datacenter walls and were fiercely fighting off client/server and distributed computing, trying to preserve their (emulated) dumb terminal paradigm and install base. The disk division was seeing data fleeing the data center to more distributed computing friendly platforms with drop in disk sales. The disk division had come up with several solutions to address the problem but they were constantly being vetoed by the communication group.

The communication group stranglehold wasn't just the disk division ... a couple years later, IBM had gone into the red and was being reorged into the 13 baby blues in preparation for breaking the company (gone behind paywall, mostly free at wayback machine)
https://web.archive.org/web/20101120231857/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,977353,00.html
may also work
https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,977353-1,00.html

dumb terminal posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#terminal gerstner posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#gerstner
IBM downfall/downturn posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#ibmdownfall

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM 3278

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM 3278
Date: 30 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#74 IBM 3278

akin to 3274/3278 enormously increasing the back&forth coax protocol chatter ... drastically increasing latency doing any operation (and therefor cutting response and throughput) ... 1980, IBM STL was bursting at the seams and they were moving 300 people from the IMS DBMS group to offsite bldg, with dataprocessing back to STL datacenter. They had tried "remote" 3270 but found the human factors totally unacceptable. I get con'ed into doing channel-extender support ... put channel-attached 3270 controllers at the offsite bldg ... with no perceptible difference between response offsite and inside STL. The hardware vendor then asks if my support can be released, however there is group in POK playing with serial stuff that gets it vetoed (afraid that if it was in the market, it would make it harder to get their stuff released).

channel-extendeer posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#channel.extender

1988, IBM branch office asks if I can help LLNL (national lab) get some serial stuff they were playing with standardized ... which quickly becomes fibre channel standard (including some stuff I had done in 1980). Finally in 1990, the pok people get their stuff released with ES/9000 as ESCON, when it is already obsolete. ESCON got 17mbytes/sec ... FCS started with 1gbit links full-duplex, 200mbytes/sec aggregate. Then some POK engineers start playing with FCS and define a heavy weight protocol that drastically reduces the native throughput which is eventually announced as FICON. Most recent published numbers I've found is max configured Z196 "peak I/O" benchmark getting 2M IOPS using 104 FICON (running over 104 FCS). About the same time a FCS was announced for E5-2600 blades claiming over million IOPS (two such FCS having higher throughput than 104 FICON).

FICON posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#ficon

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM 370 and Future System

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM 370 and Future System
Date: 30 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

The seeds for IBM downturn were sown as Future System was failing ... during the FS period in the 1st half of the 70s (complete different and completely replace 370), 370 work was being shutdown ... the lack of new IBM 370 products in the period is credited with giving clone 370 makers their market foothold. I continued to do 360/370 work all through the period and even periodically ridicule FS (which wasn't exactly a career enhancing activity). from Ferguson & Morris, "Computer Wars: The Post-IBM World", Time Books, 1993
http://www.amazon.com/Computer-Wars-The-Post-IBM-World/dp/1587981394
.... reference to the "Future System" project 1st half of the 70s:

and perhaps most damaging, the old culture under Watson Snr and Jr of free and vigorous debate was replaced with *SYNCOPHANCY* and *MAKE NO WAVES* under Opel and Akers. It's claimed that thereafter, IBM lived in the shadow of defeat ... But because of the heavy investment of face by the top management, F/S took years to kill, although its wrong headedness was obvious from the very outset. "For the first time, during F/S, outspoken criticism became politically dangerous," recalls a former top executive.

... snip ...

... some claims were that major motivation for FS were clone controllers ... objective was to make it so complex and difficult that clone controller makers couldn't keep up ... since FS was completely different from 370 and was going to completely replace it ... internal politics was shutting down 370 efforts ... and the lack of new 370 products during the period was credited with giving clone 370 makers (like Amdahl) their market foothold. Then when FS implodes (jokes about lots of blue sky but very little substance), there was mad rush to get stuff back into the 370 product pipelines ... including kicking off the quick&dirty 3033 (remap 370/168-3 logic to 20% faster chips) & 3081 efforts in parallel.
http://www.jfsowa.com/computer/memo125.htm

future system posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

1992, ibm reorging into "13 baby blues" in preparation for breaking up the company (gone behind paywall, mostly free at wayback machine)
https://web.archive.org/web/20101120231857/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,977353,00.html
may also work
https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,977353-1,00.html

IBM downfall/downturn posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#ibmdownfall

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM 370 and Future System

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM 370 and Future System
Date: 30 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#76 IBM 370 and Future System

Some of the MIT CTSS 7094 people went to Project MAC on the 5th flr to do MULTICS, others went to the science center on the 4th flr. The IBM Boston Programming Center was on half the 3rd flr (CIA on the other half) ... Nat Rochester and Jean Sammet were in Boston Programming Center. Sciencce Center was expecting to get the company charter to do virtual memory/storage ... however what was announced was 360/67 for tss/360.

IBM sold 360/67 to lots of places based on "hyped" tss/360 ... but tss/360 never came to production fruition. Lots of places just used them as (non-virtual memory) 360/65 running os/360. Univ. of Michigan and Stanford did virtual memory operating systems for 360/67. IBM Cambridge Science Center had done (virtual machine) CP40/CMS on a 360/40 with virtual memory hardware mods ... which morphs into CP67/CMS when 360/67 becomes available. There was some comment at the time the science center had 11 people doing (virtual memory/storage, virtual machine) CP67/CMS, the TSS/360 group had grown to 1100 people ... but only a couple customers running tss/360 with 360/67 but something like 30-40 were running CP67/CMS.

Lots more early history CP40, CP67, TSS/360, 360/67, etc here in Melinda's history paper (science center had originally expected to become the virtual memory center ... but instead the TSS/360 group was formed).
https://www.leeandmelindavarian.com/Melinda#VMHist
https://www.leeandmelindavarian.com/Melinda/25paper.pdf
https://www.leeandmelindavarian.com/Melinda/neuvm.pdf

Within a year of taking 2hr intro to fortran/computers, the univ. hires me fulltime to support IBM mainframe systems. They had been sold a 360/67 to replace 709/1401 to run TSS/360 ... but TSS/360 never came to production fruition ... so ran as 360/65 with OS/360. The univ. shutdown the datacenter from sat8am to mon8am ... and I had the place all to myself ... although 48hrs w/o sleep could make Monday morning classes a little hard. I got to redo a lot of OS/360 during this period. Along the way, CP67 is installed at the univ (3rd installation after CSC and MIT Lincoln Labs) ... and it was mostly limited to my playing with it on weekends (I got to rewrite a whole lot of CP67 code). After graduation, I join the science center, one of my hobbies after joining IBM is enhanced production operating systems for internal datacenters (including the world-wide, online sales&marketing support HONE systems which are long time customer).

TSS/360 had done a "single level store" virtual memory filesystem ... "single level store" design is also used for "Future System". I do a paged-mapped filesystem enhancement for CMS (which is never released to customers) and would claim that I learned "what not to do" from observing TSS/360 (and Future System).

science center posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
future system posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

Some of the CP67/CMS group spins off from the science center to do the CP67->VM370 morph and takes over the Boston Programming Center on the 3rd flr ... later when they outgrew the 3rd flr, they move out to the (empty) IBM SBC bldg at Burlington Mall. Part of the issue in the CP67->VM370 morph was a lot of CP67 function was dropped (like multiprocessor hardware support and my dynamic adaptive resource manager that I had done as undergraduate) and/or greatly simplified.

A decade ago, I was asked (by customer in online mainframe group) to track down the decision to make all 370s "virtual memory" (virtual storage). I finally found an assistant to executive involved in the decision. The issue was that MVT storage management was so bad that a typical 1mbyte 370/165 was limited to four regions (region storage size needed to be specified four times larger than actually used). Going to 16mbyte virtual memoy would allow the number of regions to be increased by factor of four times (with little or no paging) ... basically VS2/SVS started with MVT running in a CP/67 16mbyte virtual memory ... with some of the CP/67 virtual memory code moved inside MVT. An issue was that processor throughput/speed was increasing faster than disk performance was increasing ... so it needed increasing number of concurrently running regions to keep the processor utilized.

old post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011d.html#73 Multiple Virtual Memory

VS2/SVS trivia: performance group in POK came up with a tweak to the page replacement algorithm ... I had big dustup with them over it was completely wrong. It lasts until the late 80s with VS2/MVS when somebody in POK gets big award for putting it back like I originally had it.

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM 370 and Future System

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM 370 and Future System
Date: 30 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#76 IBM 370 and Future System
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#77 IBM 370 and Future System

disk performance trivia: In the mid-70s, I was writing memos about the increasing mismatch between processor throughput and disk throughput. In the early 80s, I wrote a tome that over 15yr period, disk relative system throughput had declined by a factor of ten times (disks got 4-5 faster while the systems got 40-50 times faster). Some disk division took exception and assigned the division performance group to refute my statements. After a couple weeks, they came back and said that I slightly understated the problem. The analysis was then respun on how to optimize filesystem and disks for system throughput for (IBM mainframe user group) SHARE presentation 16Aug1984, SHARE 63, B874. Reference here
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#30 Bottlenecks and Capacity planning

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM 360

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM 360
Date: 30 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

original 360 announce included 360/60 & 360/70 ... which had 1msec storage access. This was upgraded to 750ns and the models changed to 360/65 & 360/75. A 360/67 had virtual memory hardware added to 360/65 ... running in virtual memory address relocate mode added 150 to each storage access (virtual->real address translation) making it 900ns. 360 functional characteristics (at bitsavers) ... includes instruction timing
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/functional_characteristics/
360/65
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/functional_characteristics/A22-6884-3_360-65_funcChar.pdf
from above:
Each 2365 Processor Storage has a basic 750 ns storage cycle, with access to eight bytes (doubleword) in parallel.

... snip ...

360/67
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/functional_characteristics/GA27-2719-2_360-67_funcChar.pdf
360/75
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/functional_characteristics/A22-6889-0_360-75_funcChar.pdf

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

"The Spoils of War": How Profits Rather Than Empire Define Success for the Pentagon

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: "The Spoils of War": How Profits Rather Than Empire Define Success for the Pentagon
Date: 30 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#73 "The Spoils of War": How Profits Rather Than Empire Define Success for the Pentagon

Military Spending Is Not the Same As Defense Spending
https://www.aier.org/article/military-spending-is-not-the-same-as-defense-spending/
At least World War II was defensive, even though the U.S. was attacked by Japan after imposing a punitive oil embargo that was widely recognized as posing a direct challenge to Tokyo. And America was the target of a German declaration of war after the Roosevelt administration initiated an undeclared naval war in the Atlantic. Still, with the potential for either Nazi Germany or Communist U.S.S.R. dominating Eurasia, this conflict, an unfortunate outgrowth of Washington's misbegotten intervention in World War I, posed a significant security threat to the U.S.

... snip ...

"Coming of America Fascism" shows socialists countered the "New Deal" becoming fascist ... which had been the objective of the capitalists ... and possibly contributed to forcing them further into the Nazi/fascist camp. When The Bankers Plotted To Overthrow FDR
https://www.npr.org/2012/02/12/145472726/when-the-bankers-plotted-to-overthrow-fdr
The Plots Against the President: FDR, A Nation in Crisis, and the Rise of the American Right
https://www.amazon.com/Plots-Against-President-Nation-American-ebook/dp/B07N4BLR77/
American Nazis Rally in New York City. On February 20, 1939, the pro-Nazi German American Bund drew more than 20,000 people to a rally in Madison Square Garden.
https://newspapers.ushmm.org/events/american-nazis-rally-in-new-york-city

From the law of unintended consequences, when US 1943 Strategic Bombing program needed targets in Germany, they got plans and coordinates from wallstreet.

American Nazis Rally in New York City. On February 20, 1939, the pro-Nazi German American Bund drew more than 20,000 people to a rally in Madison Square Garden.
https://newspapers.ushmm.org/events/american-nazis-rally-in-new-york-city
June1940, Germany had a victory celebration at the NYC Waldorf-Astoria with major industrialists. Lots of them were there to hear how to do business with the Nazis
https://www.amazon.com/Man-Called-Intrepid-Incredible-Narrative-ebook/dp/B00V9QVE5O/
loc1925-29:
One prominent figure at the German victory celebration was Torkild Rieber, of Texaco, whose tankers eluded the British blockade. The company had already been warned, at Roosevelt's instigation, about violations of the Neutrality Law. But Rieber had set up an elaborate scheme for shipping oil and petroleum products through neutral ports in South America.

... snip ...

capitalism posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#capitalism
racism posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#racism

some recent posts mentioning fascism &/or fascists
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#57 "We are on the way to a right-wing coup:" Milley secured Nuclear Codes, Allayed China fears of Trump Strike
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#56 "We are on the way to a right-wing coup:" Milley secured Nuclear Codes, Allayed China fears of Trump Strike
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#101 The War in Afghanistan Is What Happens When McKinsey Types Run Everything
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#58 The Storm Is Upon Us
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#80 After WW2, US Antifa come home
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#11 tablets and desktops was Has Microsoft
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021c.html#96 How Ike Led
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021c.html#93 How 'Owning the Libs' Became the GOP's Core Belief
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021c.html#23 When Nazis Took Manhattan
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021c.html#18 When Nazis Took Manhattan
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021b.html#91 American Nazis Rally in New York City
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021.html#66 Democracy is a threat to white supremacy--and that is the cause of America's crisis
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021.html#51 Sacking the Capital and Honor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021.html#46 Barbarians Sacked The Capital
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021.html#44 American Fascism
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021.html#34 Fascism
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021.html#33 Fascism
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021.html#32 Fascism
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2020.html#16 Boyd: The Fighter Pilot Who Loathed Lean?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2020.html#14 Book on monopoly (IBM)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2020.html#6 Onward, Christian fascists
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2020.html#0 The modern education system was designed to teach future factory workers to be "punctual, docile, and sober"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#161 Fascists
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#145 The Plots Against the President
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#112 When The Bankers Plotted To Overthrow FDR
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#107 The Great Scandal: Christianity's Role in the Rise of the Nazis
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#106 OT, "new" Heinlein book
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#96 OT, "new" Heinlein book
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#91 OT, "new" Heinlein book
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#63 Profit propaganda ads witch-hunt era
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#43 Corporations Are People
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#98 How Journalists Covered the Rise of Mussolini and Hitler
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#94 The War Was Won Before Hiroshima--And the Generals Who Dropped the Bomb Knew It
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#76 The Coming of American Fascism, 1920-1940
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#75 The Coming of American Fascism, 1920-1940
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019c.html#36 Is America A Christian Nation?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019c.html#17 Family of Secrets

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

"The Spoils of War": How Profits Rather Than Empire Define Success for the Pentagon

Refed: **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: "The Spoils of War": How Profits Rather Than Empire Define Success for the Pentagon
Date: 30 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#73 "The Spoils of War": How Profits Rather Than Empire Define Success for the Pentagon
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#80 "The Spoils of War": How Profits Rather Than Empire Define Success for the Pentagon

Story that (asst. SECTREAS) Harry Dexter White was also operating on behalf of Stalin ... Stalin had sent White draft of ten demands to include in US ultimatum hoping to provoke Japan into opening a war with US ... Stalin was already dealing with 3/4ths of German military in the west and was worried that Japan would open a second front in the east. Hull Note
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull_note Harry
Dexter White & Venona intercepts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Dexter_White#Venona_project
More Venona
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venona_project
https://www.nsa.gov/news-features/declassified-documents/venona/
Benn Stein in "The Battle of Bretton Woods" spends pages 55-58 discussing "Operation Snow".
https://www.amazon.com/Battle-Bretton-Woods-Relations-University-ebook/dp/B00B5ZQ72Y/
pg56/loc1065-66:
The Soviets had, according to Karpov, used White to provoke Japan to attack the United States. The scheme even had a name: "Operation Snow," snow referring to White.

... snip ...

also: Another example of White acting as an agent of influence for the Soviet Union was his obstruction of an authorized $200 million loan to Nationalist China in 1943, which he had been officially instructed to execute. ... contributing to Nationalist loosing China.

Mythmaking and the Atomic Destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
https://www.counterpunch.org/2021/08/06/mythmaking-and-the-atomic-destruction-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki/
Reality: Hiroshima and Nagasaki were destroyed to prevent the Soviets from making a contribution to the victory against Japan, which would have forced Washington to allow Moscow to participate in the postwar occupation and reconstruction of the country. It was also the intention to intimidate the Soviet leadership and thus to wrest concessions from it with respect to the postwar arrangements in Germany and Eastern Europe. Finally, it was not the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but the Soviet entry into the war against Japan, which caused Tokyo to surrender.

... snip ...

Apparently Roosevelt didn't believe that US could defeat Japan without Soviets and had agreement with Stalin where Soviet would come in against Japan after the Germans had been defeated. Other reference "The Cover-Up at Omaha Beach"
https://www.amazon.com/Cover-Up-Omaha-Beach-Rangers-Battery-ebook/dp/B00J75ISNU/

By comparison US had 600k toops and battleships for Okinawa against 76k Japanese (and US was months away from mounting a homeland invasion) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa

The War Was Won Before Hiroshima--And the Generals Who Dropped the Bomb Knew It. Seventy years after the bombing, will Americans face the brutal truth?
https://www.thenation.com/article/world/why-the-us-really-bombed-hiroshima/

military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex
capitalism posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#capitalism

Posts referencing Harry Dexter White
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#109 The Age of Battleships Is Dead and Long Gone
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#95 The War Was Won Before Hiroshima--And the Generals Who Dropped the Bomb Knew It
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#91 OSS in China: Prelude to Cold War
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#30 The Shape of Things to Come: Why the Pentagon Must Embrace Soft Power to Compete with China
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#29 The Shape of Things to Come: Why the Pentagon Must Embrace Soft Power to Compete with China
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021c.html#18 When Nazis Took Manhattan
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021.html#32 Fascism
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#62 Profit propaganda ads witch-hunt era
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#60 Reviewing The China Mission
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#78 Bretton Woods Institutions: Enforcers, Not Saviours?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#76 The Coming of American Fascism, 1920-1940
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#48 Here's what Nobel Prize-winning research says will make you more influential
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019c.html#66 The Forever War Is So Normalized That Opposing It Is "Isolationism"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#107 Post WW2 red hunt
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#82 The Redacted Testimony That Fully Explains Why General MacArthur Was Fired
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#35 Olympics opening ceremony
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#49 1963 Timesharing: A Solution to Computer Bottlenecks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#71 Russia Invaded Japanese Islands With U.S. Ships -- After Japan Surrendered
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#5 The 1970s engineering recession
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#3 Pearl Harbor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#36 Tech: we didn't mean for it to turn out like this
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#24 What if the Kuomintang Had Won the Chinese Civil War?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#87 WW II cryptography
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#81 WW II cryptography
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#79 WW II cryptography
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#28 WW2 Internment
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#105 Iraq, Longest War
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#55 Should America Have Entered World War I?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#90 Economist, Harry Dent Hints: Global Banks Facing a Serious Crisis in Months Ahead
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#80 "I used a real computer at home...and so will you" (Popular Science May 1967)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#94 The Brothers: John Foster Dulles, Allen Dulles, and Their Secret World War
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016d.html#49 Fateful Choices
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016c.html#74 Qbasic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016.html#39 Shout out to Grace Hopper (State of the Union)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#70 God No, the U.S. Air Force Doesn't Need Another Curtis LeMay
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#55 past of nukes, was Future of support for telephone rotary dial ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#54 past of nukes, was Future of support for telephone rotary dial ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#51 past of nukes, was Future of support for telephone rotary dial ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#45 The Battle of Bretton Woods: John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White, and the Making of a New World Order

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM 370 and Future System

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM 370 and Future System
Date: 30 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#76 IBM 370 and Future System
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#77 IBM 370 and Future System
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#78 IBM 370 and Future System

archived post (from a.f.c.) about decision to move all 370s to virtual memory/storage
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011d.html#73
references precursor discussion pieces
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011d.html#71
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011d.html#72
and followup
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011d.html#74

... some of the highlights:
Note to Lynn - I have always given zzzzz the credit for turning Bob Evans around. For reasons unknown to me, the TSO group had the flip charts and wallboard zzzzz used. The clincher was the ability to run 16 initiators simultaneously on a 1 megabyte system, taking advantage of the fact that MVT normally used only 25% of the memory in a partition. The resulting throughput gain (compared to real hardware) was substantial enough to convince Bob. It helped that Tom Simpson and Bob Crabtree had hosted an MFT II system TSS-Style and shown similar performance gains. Of course, since CP67 was a pickup group they weren't considered and we had the OS/VS adventure instead.

Of course, the estimates for OS/VS were based on a misperception. The Kingston estimate for OS/VS2 Release 1 (SVS) had an estimate for the work needed for Release 2 (MVS), but it was couched as release 1 cost plus a delta - in other words, the same cost as release 1 plus some more. Since the IBM Kingston resources were being redeployed to FS, that meant that there weren't going to be enough people to do both. Since MVS was supposed to be the glide path for FS (which would be OS/VS2 Release 3), this was unwelcome news. xxxxx and yyyyy modified the plan to reuse some of the SVS resources plus people transitioning from OS/360. Bob Evans did his part by cutting a year off the MVS development schedule.

... snip ...

future system posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!
Date: 31 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!
https://www.m3aawg.org/blog/happy-50th-birthday-email

The PROFS group was collecting internal applications to wrap (3270) menus around (for the less computer literate) ... they got a very early version of VMSG for the email client. When the VMSG author tried to offer them a much enhanced version ... they tried to get him fired (since they apparently had already taken credit for everything in PROFS). The whole thing quieted down when the VMSG author demonstrated his initials in every PROFS email (in non-displayed field). After that he only shared his source with me and one other person.

Some IBM organizations had trouble adapting to the 23jun1969 unbundling announcement ... starting to charge for (application) software (made the case kernel software should still be free ... but that started to change later), services, etc. Some organizations found it hard to adapt to the new environment where software revenue had to cover initial development plus ongoing development and service. Some came up with new gimmick where the rule could be applied to an organization and they combine high overhead operations with low overhead operations ... for instance they combined VM Performance Tools that had 3 people in the same organization with ISPF that had 200 people ... the two operations bringing in approx the same revenue ... allowing VM Performance Tools to subsidize ISPF. Something similar was done for JES2/NJE networking combined with VM370/VNET networking.

23jun1969 unbundling posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#unbundle

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!
Date: 31 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#83 Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!

rexx topic drift, in early days of REX (before renamed to REXX and released to customers), I wanted to demonstrate that it wasn't just another pretty scripting language. Demonstration was to rewrite IPCS (a very large assembler language application for dump analysis and problem determination) in 3months elapsed working half time ... with ten times the function and ten times the performance (some hack to get interpreted REX running faster than assembler). I finished early so did library of automated scripts that looked for most common failure signatures. I then thot it would be released to customers ... and never figure out why it wasn't (since nearly every internal datacenter and customer PSRs used it). I did finally get permission to make presentations at (large IBM mainframe user group) SHARE and (local monthly user group meetings at SLAC) BAYBUNCH, on how I did the implementation ... within a few months, non-IBM implementations started to appear.

Trivia: 3090 service processor (3092) started out 4331 with highly customized VM370/CMS Release 6 and all service screens implemented in (CMS) IOS3270 ... which was changed to a pair of 4361s. Old email from the 3092 group wanted to include DUMPRX with 3092.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#email861031
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#email861223
old dumprx introduction posted recently
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#28

dumprx posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#dumprx

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!

Refed: **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!
Date: 31 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#83 Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#84 Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!

email trivia: I was blamed for online computer conferencing on the internal network (larger than arpanet/internet from just about the beginning until sometime mid/late 80s) in the late 70s and early 80s ... it really took off spring 1981 after I distributed a trip report of visit to Jim Gray at Tandem (when Jim left IBM research fall of 1980, he foisted off several things on me) ... something like 300 active participants, but claims that upwards of 25,000 reading. One of the active participants at the time was manager of "trout" service processor ("trout" turns into 3090). folklore is when the corporate executive committee was told about online computer conferencing, 5of6 wanted to fire me.

There were also claims that I was responsible periodically (in one way or another) for upwards of 30% of all traffic on the internal network ... email but also distribution of the corporation online telephone books (and other things). One of the periodic subjects of discussion in friday's after work was silver bullet to get the computer illiterate managers, executives and bureaucracy to using computers. Email was starting to make a little dent ... but we decided online telephone books ... objective was Jim (Gray) would spend one week writing the online lookup program and I would spend one week doing the processes for acquiring softcopy from various locations, reformatting, and distribution (there was also PROFS menu for the internal online telephone books).

One of the outcomes of "Tandem Memos" was official computer conferencing software (supported both USENET-like function and mailing list modes) and officially sanctioned, moderated forums. Another outcome was a researcher was paid to study how I communicated, sat in the back of my office for nine months taking notes on how I communicated (face-to-face, telephone, etc), got copies of all my incoming and outgoing email and logs of all my instant messages. The results were internal reports, and public papers, books, and Stanford Phd (joint with language and computer AI, winograd was advisor on computer side). One of the stats was I exchanged email with an avg of 130 different people per week for the nine month perod. From IBMJargon:

Tandem Memos - n. Something constructive but hard to control; a fresh of breath air (sic). That's another Tandem Memos. A phrase to worry middle management. It refers to the computer-based conference (widely distributed in 1981) in which many technical personnel expressed dissatisfaction with the tools available to them at that time, and also constructively criticized the way products were [are] developed. The memos are required reading for anyone with a serious interest in quality products. If you have not seen the memos, try reading the November 1981 Datamation summary.
...snip ...

online computer conferencing posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#cmc
IBM internal network posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet

recent posts about tandem memo executive summary
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#70 IBM Wild Ducks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#79 IBM Downturn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#64 Virtual Machine Debugging
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#33 Big Blue's big email blues signal terminal decline - unless it learns to migrate itself
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#31 IBM HSDT & HA/CMP
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021e.html#16 IBM Internal Network

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

books about Google

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: books about Google
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 31 Oct 2021 10:52:31 -1000

Maus <Greymaus@mail.com> writes:
What I would like to know about Google, is this. I read around the time that Google started, that is was originally powered by massive numbers of second hand machines. Was that true.?

The First Google Doodle Was a Burning Man Stick Figure. The images the world has been seeing for the past 15 years come to us via the Nevada desert.
https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/09/the-first-google-doodle-was-a-burning-man-stick-figure/279416/
The first Google Doodle was an out-of-office message. The day was August 30, 1998 -- nearly two years after Larry Page and Sergey Brin had built a search engine in a Stanford dorm room, and less than a week before Google would officially incorporate as a company. Google was so young then, indeed, that it still had a Yahoo!-style exclamation mark as part of its logo.

Google Turns 23: Here Are 10 Things You Probably Didn't Know About The Internet Giant
https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/google-turns-23-here-are-10-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-google-2555079
In 1996, Larry Page and Sergey Brin built a house made of Lego bricks to house their first server. It contained 10 disks of 4GB each. You can check it out here.
http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/voy/museum/pictures/display/0-4-Google.htm
above says as of sept2000, google was operating 5000 "PCs" running Linux

... go down to silicon valley electronic stores and buy the parts (or catalog order) to build/assemble your own machines ... starting in the 90s, there was big overlap with the commodity servers assembled for cloud operation and processors assembled for commodity cluster supercomputing (SLAC had very large machine room that replaced IBM mainframes with huge number of racks containing assembled blades)

We were doing some consulting with small client/server startup that wanted to do payment transactions on their servers ... they had also invented this technology called "SSL" they wanted to use, now frequently called "electronic commerce". I was doing the web gateways to the financial payment networks and working on multiple layers of firewalls.

One of the persons that I was working with was also over at Google involved in transaction load balancing to the growing number of backend servers. Originally started out with internet facing routers doing A-record rotation in the google DNS servers (i.e. mapping from url to multiple IP-addresses, constantly changing order of the IP-addresses in the list). Problem was that ISPs had several hour caching of DNS responses ... so google DNS a-record rotation wasn't very dynamic. Lots of code was then added to the internet facing routers to share backend server traffic statistics and dynamically load-balance routing traffic to the backend servers.

current cloud megadatacenters may have over half million (rack mount blade) servers that they assemble for small fraction of the cost of brand name servers. Around a decade ago, server chip vendors had press that they were shipping half their products directly to cloud operators (about the same time that IBM sold off its server business).

cloud megadatacenter posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#megadatacenter

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM 3278

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM 3278
Date: 30 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#74 IBM 3278
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#75 IBM 3278

channel-extender unintended consequences ... getting the channel attached 3270 controllers moved to offsite bldg ... increased the STL 168-3s throughput by 10-15% ... the issue was that 3270 controllers had relatively slow processors for handling channel protocol chatter ... driving up channel busy. The 3270 controllers (for 300 people in IMS DBMS group) had been spread across all available blockmux shared with disk ... removing them from direct connect to the mainframe channels reduced channel busy and improved disk i/o and overall system throughput. some speculation that should put all the 3270 controllers on channel-extenders ... even those inside the bldg ... to improve throughput of all the mainframes. VM370 logon logo for offsite bldg
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/vmhyper.jpg

3270 logo screen shot

channel-extender posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#channel.extender

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!
Date: 31 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#83 Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#84 Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#85 Happy 50th Birthday, EMAIL!

NSF funded CSNET (later merges with BITNET)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSNET
co-worker at science center was responsible for the internal network (we transfer to SJR in 1977), technology also used for the corporate sponsored university BITNET
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BITNET
I have old (1984) email from person in Paris
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#email840320
tasked with setting up BITNET in Europe (EARN):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Academic_Research_Network#EARN
looking for networking applications. Early history (1985) of LISTSERV (mailing list, has subset of functions available in internal computer conferencing software)
http://www.lsoft.com/products/listserv-history.asp

science center posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
internal network posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet
BITNET (& EARN) posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#bitnet

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Jobs requiring college degrees disqualify most U.S. workers -- especially workers of color

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Jobs requiring college degrees disqualify most U.S. workers -- especially workers of color
Date: 31 Oct 2021
Blog: Facebook

Jobs requiring college degrees disqualify most U.S. workers -- especially workers of color
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/jobs-requiring-college-degrees-disqualify-most-u-s-workers-especially-workers-of-color

when foreign auto makers started building plants in the US in the 80s, they found that they needed to require junior college degree in order to be sure they were getting workers with a high school education. we had been doing some work with a few univ. in the early 90s who claimed that they had to dumb down program for entering freshmen at least 2-3 times since the early 70s.

inequality posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#inequality

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Afghanistan Proved Eisenhower Correct

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Afghanistan Proved Eisenhower Correct
Date: 01 Nov 2021
Blog: Facebook

Afghanistan Proved Eisenhower Correct. The Military-Industrial-Congressional Complex Failed Us After 9/11
https://www.pogo.org/analysis/2021/11/afghanistan-proved-eisenhower-correct/
While the United States didn't win in Iraq or Afghanistan, American defense contractors and their shareholders certainly did. The American people paid approximately $14 trillion to fight the post-9/11 wars, about half of which went into the coffers of defense contractors who either supplied weapons and equipment or provided services to support the war and reconstruction efforts. William Hartung at the Center for International Policy recently reported that just the top five U.S. Pentagon contractors -- Lockheed Martin, Raytheon, General Dynamics, Boeing, and Northrop Grumman -- received more than $2.1 trillion worth of contracts during the post-9/11 spending surge. During the same time, the big five spent $1.1 billion for lobbyists, meaning that for every dollar they spent lobbying, they received a staggering $1,909 in taxpayer funds in return.

... snip ...

After 9/11, the U.S. Got Almost Everything Wrong. A mission to rid the world of "terror" and "evil" led America in tragic directions.
https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/09/after-911-everything-wrong-war-terror/620008/
The Afghanistan Papers: A Secret History of the War
https://www.amazon.com/Afghanistan-Papers-Secret-History-War-ebook/dp/B08VJLJ56L/
9/11 Had Nothing to Do with Afghanistan
https://www.counterpunch.org/2021/08/06/9-11-had-nothing-to-do-with-afghanistan/

The Accumulated Evil of the Whole: That time Bush and Co. made the September 11 Attacks a Pretext for War on Iraq
https://www.juancole.com/2021/09/accumulated-september-pretext.html

... kicking hundreds of thousands of former soldiers out on the streets created ISIS ... and bypassing the ammo dumps (looking for fictitious/fabricated WMDs) gave them over a million metric tons. Ghost Riders of Baghdad: Soldiers, Civilians, and the Myth of the Surge
https://www.amazon.com/Ghost-Riders-Baghdad-Soldiers-Civilians-ebook/dp/B014PWVUAC/
pg111/loc2179-82:
The backstory to all this is well reported. The Bush administration appointed hundreds of politically loyal neoconservative bureaucrats to run postwar Iraq, including the top civilian official--L. Paul Bremer. Bremer, heavily influenced by Iraqi exiles like Ahmed Chalabi and supported by Vice President Dick Cheney, implemented a policy of de-Baathification.

pg111/loc2193-95:
On 16 April 2003, Bremer, against the advice of Colin Powell's State Department and the Central Intelligence Agency, disbanded the Iraqi Army. 16 This seemingly simple decision placed a few hundred thousand unemployed young men back on the street with no effective reintegration strategy.

pg171/loc3246-49:
All this talk of "what-ifs" and lost Surge opportunities ignores one salient, if uncomfortable, fact: ISIS is an outgrowth of our own invasion. Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF--as we gleefully named it) was more than just an awful euphemism; it spelled catastrophe--and chaos--for most Iraqis.

... snip ...

Military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex
perpetual war posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#perpetual.war
WMD posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#wmds

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Afghanistan Proved Eisenhower Correct

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Afghanistan Proved Eisenhower Correct
Date: 01 Nov 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#90 Afghanistan Proved Eisenhower Correct

Inspector general for Afghanistan war pressured by State, DOD to redact reports
https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/579166-inspector-general-for-afghanistan-war-pressured-by-state-dod-to
The inspector general charged with reviewing U.S. involvement in Afghanistan said Friday that he has faced recent pressure from the State Department to redact some of their reports while noting the Pentagon classified much of its work detailing the failings of the country's own military forces.

... snip ...

Inspector general report is issued on the collapse of the Afghan government
https://www.npr.org/2021/10/29/1050379870/inspector-general-report-issued-on-the-collapse-of-the-afghan-government
Special inspector general for Afghanistan warns the Pentagon is classifying documents to cover up failures and demands secret reports on how country collapsed are published now
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10146551/State-Dept-Pentagon-concealing-Afghanistan-data-says-U-S-watchdog.html
Watchdog: State Dept. and Pentagon withholding critical information about Afghanistan
https://www.axios.com/afghanistan-state-defense-taliban-watchdog-61c4f197-cdf9-42f1-a575-553fe951a149.html
SIGAR Pressured by the State Department to Redact Afghanistan Reports. Since 2008, SIGAR has documented the huge amounts of waste in the US's Afghanistan war
https://news.antiwar.com/2021/10/29/sigar-pressured-by-the-state-department-to-redact-afghanistan-reports/

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virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM 3278

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM 3278
Date: 01 Nov 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#74 IBM 3278
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#75 IBM 3278
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#87 IBM 3278

somewhat similar channel busy later with 3090 and 3880 disk controllers: Some of us had transferred out to SJR in late 70s, I was allowed to wander around a lot of IBM and customer datacenters ... included bldg14 (disk engineering) and bldg15 (disk product test) across the street. At the time they were running preschedule standalone mainframe testing 7x24. They mentioned that they had recently tried MVS ... but found it had 15min mean-time-between-failue (MTBF) in that environment. I offered to rewrite I/O supervisor to make it bullet proof and never fail, enabling any amount of ondemand concurrent testing, greatly improving productivity. Bldg15 tended to get very early engineering processors (1st outside processor development), got 3033, something like #3 or #4. Testing only took a percent or two of 3033 processor, so we scrounged a couple 3330 strings and a 3830 controller and put up private online service on the bldg15 3033. Now, engineers got into the kneejerk habit of calling me whenever there was any issue and I was spending increasing amount of my time shooting their hardware issues.

getting to play disk engineer posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#disk

One monday morning I get a call from bldg15 asking me what I did to the 3033 over the weekend (online service/performance significantly degraded), I said nothing and I asked them what they did, they said nothing. Eventually it turns out that somebody had replaced the 3830 controller with 3880. Now the 3880 had special hardware path to handle 3380 3mbyte/sec transfer ... but the 3880 controller processor was significantly slower than 3830 drastically increasing protocol chatter busy.

Turns out they had attempted to mask it by signaling operation end interrupt to the proceessor early (before it had actually finished some of its activity) ... hoping that the operating system interrupt processing would take longer than 3880 controller overhead processing. There had been recent MVS benchmark that seemed to confirm this .... however, my I/O supervisor pathlength (besides being exceptionally more robust and reliable than MVS) was also less than 1/10th the MVS pathlegnth. I would take the interrupt, process and try to initiate the next disk I/O ... before the 3880 was ready. The 3880 then had to respond CU-busy to the SIOF, had to requeue the operation and then wait for the real ending (CUE) interrupt. It was still six months before 3880 first customer ship ... so they had time to do a whole lot more tweaking for masking the slowness of the 3880 control processor.

Roll forward getting close to 3090 announce ... the 3090 people had assumed that the 3880 was effectively same as 3830 controller (performance, throughput, channel busy, etc) with the addition of being able to handle 3380 3mbyte/sec transfer ... and effectively configured number of 3090 channels based on that assumption in order to achieve system throughput objectives. When they finally realize how bad the 3880 channel busy actually was, they realized that they had to drastically increase the number of channels (in order to achieve throughput). The increase in number of channels, required adding an (expensive) TCM to the machine. There were semi-facetious comments that the 3090 office was going to bill the 3880 office for the cost of the extra TCM. Eventually marketing respins the drastic increase in the number of 3090 channels as what a wondrous I/O machine ... when in fact it was required to compensate for the 3880 channel busy overhead for disk I/O.

This is similar (but different) to two FCS having higher throughput than a 104 FICON (running over 104 FCS) ... aka max. configured Z196 "peak I/O" benchmark.

channel-extender posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#channel.extender
FICON posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#ficon

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM 3278

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM 3278
Date: 01 Nov 2021
Blog: Facebook

During the FS period in the 1st half of the 70s (complete different and completely replace 370), 370 work was being shutdown ... the lack of new IBM 370 products in the period is credited with giving clone 370 makers their market foothold (jokes that IBM sales&marketing had to fall back on enormous amount of FUD). I continued to do 360/370 work all through the period and even periodically ridicule FS (which wasn't exactly a career enhancing activity). from Ferguson & Morris, "Computer Wars: The Post-IBM World", Time Books, 1993
http://www.amazon.com/Computer-Wars-The-Post-IBM-World/dp/1587981394
.... reference to the "Future System" project 1st half of the 70s:
and perhaps most damaging, the old culture under Watson Snr and Jr of free and vigorous debate was replaced with *SYNCOPHANCY* and *MAKE NO WAVES* under Opel and Akers. It's claimed that thereafter, IBM lived in the shadow of defeat ... But because of the heavy investment of face by the top management, F/S took years to kill, although its wrong headedness was obvious from the very outset. "For the first time, during F/S, outspoken criticism became politically dangerous," recalls a former top executive.

... snip ...

More detail
http://www.jfsowa.com/computer/memo125.htm
note above also mentions Amdahl had left IBM before FS and shortly after ACS was shutdown ... executives were afraid that it might advance state-of-the-art too fast and IBM would loose control of the market ... following mentions some ACS features that don't show up until more than 20yrs later in ES/9000
https://people.cs.clemson.edu/~mark/acs_end.html

future system posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

after joining IBM, one of my hobbies was enhanced production operating systems for internal datacenters (including the world-wide, sales&market support HONE systems were long time "customers"). I also drank the koolaid and wore 3piece suits for customers ... I spent some amount of time at user group meetings (like SHARE) and wandering around customers. Director of one of the largest (customer) financial datacenters on the east coast used to like me to drop in and talk technology. At one point, the branch manager horribly offended the customer and in retaliation, they ordered an Amdahl machine (lonely clone 370 in a vast sea of "blue). Up until then Amdahl had been selling into univ. & tech/scientific markets, but clone 370s had yet to break into the IBM true-blue commercial market ... and this would be the first. I got asked to go spend a year on site at the customer to obfuscate the reason for the Amdahl order. I talked it over with the customer, who said while he would like to have me there it would have no affect on the decision, so I declined the offer.

IBM downfall/downturn posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#ibmdownfall

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM 3278

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM 3278
Date: 02 Nov 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#74 IBM 3278
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#75 IBM 3278
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#87 IBM 3278
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#92 IBM 3278
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#93 IBM 3278

Before transferring out to SJR, had gotten involved in a 370 16-processor tightly-coupled multiprocessor that everybody thought was great and we had gotten the 3033 processor engineers involved working on it in their spare time (a lot more interesting than remapping 168-3 logic to 20% faster chips). Then somebody tells the head of POK that it might be decades before POK's favorite son operating system (MVS) has effective 16-processor support. The head of POK then invites some of us to never visit POK again, and warns the 3033 processor engineers to don't be distracted. IBM eventually ships 16-processor machine as z900 over 20yrs later.

Bldg15 also gets a engineering 4341, first outside Endicott and I have more 4341 time than anybody in Endicott. Jan1979 I get con'ed into doing 4341 benchmarks (RAIN/RAIN4) for national gov. lab that was looking at getting 70 for compute farm ... leading edge of the coming cluster supercomputing tsunami.

past posts mentioning rain/rain4 benchmark
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#52 ESnet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019c.html#49 IBM NUMBERS BIPOLAR'S DAYS WITH G5 CMOS MAINFRAMES
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018d.html#42 Mainframes and Supercomputers, From the Beginning Till Today
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#49 Think you know web browsers? Take this quiz and prove it
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#51 Resurrected! Paul Allen's tech team brings 50-year -old supercomputer back from the dead
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#49 Resurrected! Paul Allen's tech team brings 50-year -old supercomputer back from the dead
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#44 Resurrected! Paul Allen's tech team brings 50-year-old supercomputer back from the dead
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016e.html#116 How the internet was invented
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015h.html#71 Miniskirts and mainframes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014j.html#37 History--computer performance comparison chart
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2014c.html#61 I Must Have Been Dreaming (36-bit word needed for ballistics?)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013c.html#53 What Makes an Architecture Bizarre?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2013.html#38 DEC/PDP minicomputers for business in 1968?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011d.html#40 IBM Watson's Ancestors: A Look at Supercomputers of the Past
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011c.html#65 Comparing YOUR Computer with Supercomputers of the Past
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009r.html#37 While watching Biography about Bill Gates on CNBC last Night
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#54 mainframe performance
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006y.html#21 moving on
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#31 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005m.html#25 IBM's mini computers--lack thereof
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003g.html#68 IBM zSeries in HPC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002k.html#4 misc. old benchmarks (4331 & 11/750)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#22 CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#19 CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#12 CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#7 CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#75 Computers in Science Fiction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002b.html#0 Microcode?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001d.html#67 Pentium 4 Prefetch engine?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#0 Is a VAX a mainframe?

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

This chemist is reimagining the discovery of materials using AI and automation

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: This chemist is reimagining the discovery of materials using AI and automation
Date: 02 Nov 2021
Blog: Facebook

This chemist is reimagining the discovery of materials using AI and automation. AlÃ¡n Aspuru-Guzik is using AI, robots, and even quantum computing to create the new materials that we will need to fight climate change.
https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/10/27/1037114/materials-discovery-ai-chemistry-computing/

In the long winded IBM downturn post/comments ... I have some more about Clementi's E&S lab in IBM Kingston
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#31 IBM Downturn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#32 IBM Downturn

Enrico Clementi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Clementi
Enrico Clementi (November 19, 1931 in Cembra, Italy - March 30, 2021) was an Italian chemist, a pioneer in computational techniques for quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics.[1]

Dr. Clementi received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from University of Pavia, where he was a student in the Collegio Cairoli, in 1954 and joined IBM Research in 1961. At IBM he was first responsible for atomic calculations, then manager of a scientific computation department until 1974. As an IBM Fellow (elected 1969), he led research and development in parallel computer architecture and fundamental research in chemistry, biophysics and fluid dynamics. In 1991 he retired from IBM to join UniversitÃ© Louis Pasteur in Strasbourg, France as Professor of Chemistry from 1992 until 2000. Dr Clementi's work has been recognized by awards and honours: IBM Fellow (1969), Fellow of the American Physical Society (1984), President of the International Society of Quantum Biology, Alexander von Humboldt award (2001), Member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science.

... snip ...

HSDT posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM 3278

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM 3278
Date: 02 Nov 2021
Blog: Facebook

I had been introduced to John Boyd in the early 80s and sponsored his briefings at IBM ... it was not long after "Tandem Memos" (folklore 5of6 executive committee wanted to fire me) ... see downturn thread/posts below

and about the time of Chuck Spinney article (gone behind paywall but mostly free at wayback machine, may have to select page numbers from bottom of 1st page to skip over pages not captured, 3&8).
https://web.archive.org/web/20070320170523/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,953733,00.html
also
https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,953733,00.html
Chuck gives credit for the article happening to John. From the "Tandem Memo" executive summary:

• The perception of many technical people in IBM is that the company is rapidly heading for disaster. Furthermore, people fear that this movement will not be appreciated until it begins more directly to affect revenue, at which point recovery may be impossible

... snip ...

which takes decade for it to come to pass. Note in the 89/90 time-frame, the Commandant of the Marine Corps leverages Boyd for a Corps make-over ... at a time when IBM was desperately in need of a make-over ... IBM being reorged into the "13 baby blues" in preparation for breaking up the company (gone behind paywall, mostly free at wayback machine)
https://web.archive.org/web/20101120231857/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,977353,00.html
may also work
https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,977353-1,00.html
we had left IBM but get a call from bowels of Armonk (IBM corporate hdqtrs) asking if we could help with the breakup of the company. Lots of business units were using MOUs to leverage supplier contracts in other units, which would be in different corporations after the breakup. All these MOUs would have to be cataloged and turned into their own contracts (before we get started, a new CEO is brought in and reverses the breakup). We also get email from former coworkers complaining that top executives weren't paying attention to running the business but totally focused on moving expenses from the following year to the current year. We ask our contact in Armonk. He says top executives won't get a bonus for the current year, but the way the bonus plan is written if they can move enough expenses from the following year, nudging it even slightly into the black, they will get a bonus more than twice as large as any previous bonus (aka, getting rewarded for having taken the company into the red).

IBM downfall/downturn posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#ibmdownfall

When he passes in 1997, he had been pretty much disowned by the USAF and it was the Marines at Arlington.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Boyd_(military_strategist)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OODA_loop
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patterns_of_Conflict
http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/john-boyds-art-of-war/
1997 tribute to John
http://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1997-07/genghis-john
for those w/o subscription
http://radio-weblogs.com/0107127/stories/2002/12/23/genghisJohnChuckSpinneysBioOfJohnBoyd.html

Since Boyd's passing in 1997, we've had numerous "Boyd" conferences at Marine Corps University in Quantico.

"tandem memos" & online computer conferencing posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#cmc
Boyd posts & URLs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

This chemist is reimagining the discovery of materials using AI and automation

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: This chemist is reimagining the discovery of materials using AI and automation
Date: 02 Nov 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#95 This chemist is reimagining the discovery of materials using AI and automation

Some quantum chemistry on the bldg15 3033 mentioned part of the 3278 thread
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#92 IBM 3278
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#94 IBM 3278

Bowen Liu
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00268979909482982?journalCode=tmph20

was getting runs on the SJR 370/195 ... but sometimes job turn around could be weeks. So we set him up for runing on the bldg15 3033 ... old email from long ago and far away

Date: 02/08/80 08:20:43
From: wheeler

re: request from Bowen Liu for unlimited CPU time.

He has initially suggested that he needs a 20 cylinder mini-disk and a mountable 3330. I've said that there are no operator's at SNJTL1 to perform any MOUNTs and that everything must be purely automated (no manual intervention). are there a couple hundred 3330 cylinders available (or equivalent) or should he wait until after the 3370s are up????

... snip ... top of post, old email index

Then Bowen wanted 300 3330 cyls (or equiv). Earlier, the guy doing "air bearing" simulation (part of design for floating heads, originally used in 3370 FBA) on the 370/195 ... getting a week or two turn around ... even with high priority ... so set him up to run on the bldg15 3033 ... the 3033 was less than half the processing rate of the 370/195 ... but he could get several runs a day (compared to a week or two turn around with the SJR 370/195).

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Are the Democrats Screwed?

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Are the Democrats Screwed?
Date: 03 Nov 2021
Blog: Facebook

Are the Democrats Screwed?
https://theintercept.com/2021/10/20/democrats-midterms-event/

... is this just more Kabuki Theater? (political posturing to create the apperance of conflict or of an uncertain outcome)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabuki_dance
In common English usage, a kabuki dance, also kabuki play,[3] is an activity or drama carried out in real life in a predictable or stylized fashion, reminiscent of the kabuki style of Japanese stage play.[1][4][5] It refers to an event that is designed to create the appearance of conflict or of an uncertain outcome, when in fact the actors have worked together to determine the outcome beforehand. For example, Tom Brokaw used the term to describe U.S. Democratic party and U.S. Republican party political conventions,[4] which purport to be competitive contests to nominate presidential candidates, yet in reality the nominees are known well beforehand.

... snip ...

past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#kabuki.theater

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Bank Of America Sees $120 Oil By June 2022

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Bank Of America Sees $120 Oil By June 2022
Date: 03 Nov 2021
Blog: Facebook

Bank Of America Sees $120 Oil By June 2022
https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/Bank-Of-America-Sees-120-Oil-By-June-2022.html

summer 2008, oil spikes to $147/barrel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000s_energy_crisis

Griftopia did chapter on the event.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griftopia
https://www.amazon.com/Griftopia-Machines-Vampire-Breaking-America-ebook/dp/B003F3FJS2/

Griftopia posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#griftopia

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Who Says Elephants Can't Dance?

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Who Says Elephants Can't Dance?
Date: 04 Nov 2021
Blog: Facebook

Who Says Elephants Can't Dance?
https://www.amazon.com/Who-Says-Elephants-Cant-Dance-ebook/dp/B000FCKL6G/

Late 70s and early 80s, I was blamed for online computer communication on the internal network, folklore is that when the corporate executive committee was told about it, 5of6 wanted to fire me ... printed copies of a lot of information was packaged in TANDEM 3-ring binders and set to the committee, from the summary of the executive summary:
• The perception of many technical people in IBM is that the company is rapidly heading for disaster. Furthermore, people fear that this movement will not be appreciated until it begins more directly to affect revenue, at which point recovery may be impossible

... snip ...

I had been introduced to John Boyd not long after "Tandem Memos" and use to sponsor his briefings at IBM. In the 89/90 time-frame the Commandant of the Marine Corps leverages Boyd for a Corps make-over, at a time when IBM was desperately in need of make-over.

A decade after "Tandem Memo", IBM was being reorged into "13 baby blues" in preparation for breaking up the company (gone behind paywall, mostly free at wayback machine)
https://web.archive.org/web/20101120231857/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,977353,00.html
may also work
https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,977353-1,00.html

AMEX was in competition with KKR for PE leverage-buyout of RJR and KKR wins. KKR runs into some trouble with RJR and hires away AMEX president to turn it around.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarians_at_the_Gate:_The_Fall_of_RJR_Nabisco
The IBM board then hires away the former AMEX president, who (reverses the breakup and) uses some of the techniques used at RJR ... ref gone 404, but lives on at wayback machine.
https://web.archive.org/web/20181019074906/http://www.ibmemployee.com/RetirementHeist.shtml

... and IBM becomes a financial engineering company

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Who Says Elephants Can't Dance?

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Who Says Elephants Can't Dance?
Date: 04 Nov 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#100 Who Says Elephants Can't Dance?

Stockman in the 80s was office of budget director and takes credit for revamp SS contributions to cover baby boomers (more of them and living longer) ... as well as starting to double tax SS benefits ... when they are contributed and then again when they are paid ... although Greenspan also has taken credit for it.

The current issue is that for much of SS program, the yearly contributions of been greater than the annual benefits ... and gov. has "borrowed" the difference and the SS Trust Fund is full of US gov. IOUs. There is coming projected period when annual contributions will fall below annual benefits and some of those IOUs will have to be called. There is lots of political rhetoric about cutting benefits so the US gov. won't ever have to make good on those IOUs.

... aka baby boomers were population bubble and their contributions were effectively building up principle in the SS Trust Fund to cover their retirement (but that is now all represented by US gov. IOUs).

Also by Stockman (and IBM financial engineering company):
https://www.amazon.com/Great-Deformation-Corruption-Capitalism-America-ebook/dp/B00B3M3UK6/
pg464/loc9995-10000:
IBM was not the born-again growth machine trumpeted by the mob of Wall Street momo traders. It was actually a stock buyback contraption on steroids. During the five years ending in fiscal 2011, the company spent a staggering $67 billion repurchasing its own shares, a figure that was equal to 100 percent of its net income.

pg465/loc10014-17:
Total shareholder distributions, including dividends, amounted to $82 billion, or 122 percent, of net income over this five-year period. Likewise, during the last five years IBM spent less on capital investment than its depreciation and amortization charges, and also shrank its constant dollar spending for research and development by nearly 2 percent annually.

... snip ...

(2013) New IBM Buyback Plan Is For Over 10 Percent Of Its Stock
http://247wallst.com/technology-3/2013/10/29/new-ibm-buyback-plan-is-for-over-10-percent-of-its-stock/
(2014) IBM Asian Revenues Crash, Adjusted Earnings Beat On Tax Rate Fudge; Debt Rises 20% To Fund Stock Buybacks
https://web.archive.org/web/20140623003038/http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2014-01-21/ibm-asian-revenues-crash-adjusted-earnings-beat-tax-rate-fudge-debt-rises-20-fund-st
The company has represented that its dividends and share repurchases have come to a total of over $159 billion since 2000.

... snip ...

(2016) After Forking Out $110 Billion on Stock Buybacks, IBM Shifts Its Spending Focus
https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2016/04/25/after-forking-out-110-billion-on-stock-buybacks-ib.aspx
(2018) ... still doing buybacks ... but will (now?, finally?, a little?) shift focus needing it for redhat purchase.
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-30/ibm-to-buy-back-up-to-4-billion-of-its-own-shares
(2019) IBM Tumbles After Reporting Worst Revenue In 17 Years As Cloud Hits Air Pocket
https://web.archive.org/web/20190417002701/https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2019-04-16/ibm-tumbles-after-reporting-worst-revenue-17-years-cloud-hits-air-pocket

pension posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#pensions
stock buyback posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#stock.buyback

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Who Knew ?

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Who Knew ?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 04 Nov 2021 17:47:19 -1000

Maus <Greymaus@mail.com> writes:
What did he think would happen after he banned scrap iron exports to Japan?.. The US navy should have been placed at high allert, but was not.

Story that (asst. SECTREAS) Harry Dexter White was also operating on behalf of Stalin ... Stalin had sent White draft of ten demands to include in US ultimatum hoping to provoke Japan into opening a war with US ... Stalin was already dealing with 3/4ths of German military in the west and was worried that Japan would open a second front in the east. Hull Note
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull_note
Harry Dexter White & Venona intercepts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Dexter_White#Venona_project
More Venona
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venona_project
https://www.nsa.gov/news-features/declassified-documents/venona/

Benn Stein in "The Battle of Bretton Woods" spends pages 55-58 discussing "Operation Snow".
https://www.amazon.com/Battle-Bretton-Woods-Relations-University-ebook/dp/B00B5ZQ72Y/
pg56/loc1065-66:
The Soviets had, according to Karpov, used White to provoke Japan to attack the United States. The scheme even had a name: "Operation Snow," snow referring to White.

... snip ...

Soviets sent 1.5M troops into Manchuria and quickly defeated million Japanese troops and were within three days of invading Japanese homeland when the bombs were dropped.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria By comparison
US had 600k toops and battleships for Okinawa against 76k Japanese (and US was months away from mounting a homeland invasion)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa

military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

posts mentioning "harry dexter white"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#81 "The Spoils of War": How Profits Rather Than Empire Define Success for the Pentagon
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#109 The Age of Battleships Is Dead and Long Gone
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#95 The War Was Won Before Hiroshima--And the Generals Who Dropped the Bomb Knew It
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#91 OSS in China: Prelude to Cold War
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#30 The Shape of Things to Come: Why the Pentagon Must Embrace Soft Power to Compete with China
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021d.html#29 The Shape of Things to Come: Why the Pentagon Must Embrace Soft Power to Compete with China
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021c.html#18 When Nazis Took Manhattan
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021.html#32 Fascism
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#62 Profit propaganda ads witch-hunt era
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019e.html#60 Reviewing The China Mission
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#78 Bretton Woods Institutions: Enforcers, Not Saviours?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#76 The Coming of American Fascism, 1920-1940
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019d.html#48 Here's what Nobel Prize-winning research says will make you more influential
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2019c.html#66 The Forever War Is So Normalized That Opposing It Is "Isolationism"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#107 Post WW2 red hunt
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018c.html#82 The Redacted Testimony That Fully Explains Why General MacArthur Was Fired
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018b.html#35 Olympics opening ceremony
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2018.html#49 1963 Timesharing: A Solution to Computer Bottlenecks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#71 Russia Invaded Japanese Islands With U.S. Ships -- After Japan Surrendered
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#5 The 1970s engineering recession
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017k.html#3 Pearl Harbor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#36 Tech: we didn't mean for it to turn out like this
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017j.html#24 What if the Kuomintang Had Won the Chinese Civil War?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#87 WW II cryptography
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#81 WW II cryptography
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#79 WW II cryptography
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#28 WW2 Internment
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017h.html#105 Iraq, Longest War
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017d.html#55 Should America Have Entered World War I?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017c.html#90 Economist, Harry Dent Hints: Global Banks Facing a Serious Crisis in Months Ahead
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016h.html#80 "I used a real computer at home...and so will you" (Popular Science May 1967)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016f.html#94 The Brothers: John Foster Dulles, Allen Dulles, and Their Secret World War
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016d.html#49 Fateful Choices
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016c.html#74 Qbasic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016.html#39 Shout out to Grace Hopper (State of the Union)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#70 God No, the U.S. Air Force Doesn't Need Another Curtis LeMay
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#55 past of nukes, was Future of support for telephone rotary dial ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#54 past of nukes, was Future of support for telephone rotary dial ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#51 past of nukes, was Future of support for telephone rotary dial ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015c.html#45 The Battle of Bretton Woods: John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White, and the Making of a New World Order

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Who Knew ?

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Who Knew ?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 04 Nov 2021 17:53:39 -1000

Maus <Greymaus@mail.com> writes:
(The irony was that the Japanese used some of their steel to build superbattleships which were by then outdated)

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#102 Who Knew ?

The Age of Battleships Is Dead and Long Gone. Battleships were mighty in their day. But the advent of airplanes and missiles meant that such large, lumbering warships made no sense anymore.
https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/age-battleships-dead-and-long-gone-189247

The Ultimate Battleship Battle: Japan's Yamato vs. America's Iowa. It would have been the ultimate battle on the high seas: Yamato vs. Iowa. Who would have won?
http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/the-ultimate-battleship-battle-japans-yamato-vs-americas-13737
recommends Parshall's Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway
https://www.amazon.com/Shattered-Sword-Untold-Battle-Japanese-ebook/dp/B005NIQ8SM/
pg5/loc76-78:
The battleships wouldn't be sailing this morning. No surprise there, joked Akagi's crewmen–they hadn't done anything during the entire war. For them the battleships were irrelevant, nothing more than a symbol of a bygone era. Worse yet, in the workaholic culture of the Imperial Navy, which, popular lore had it, operated eight days a week, the battleships were seen as slackers.

... snip ...

... several stories that the US carriers weren't at Pearl and that the bombing of the battleships actually helped with US transition to carriers. The real prize at Pearl which wasn't touched was the farm of large oil tanks ... needed to fuel the carriers.

military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex

posts mentioning "shattered sword"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021h.html#109 The Age of Battleships Is Dead and Long Gone
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2017i.html#85 WW II cryptography
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016e.html#113 E.R. Burroughs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2016e.html#75 Dinosaurisation of we oldies?

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Who Knew ?

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Who Knew ?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 05 Nov 2021 08:20:24 -1000

D.J. <chucktheouch@gmail.com> writes:
McCarthy went after the wrong people. And the big thing now in the US is a surgence of Facism.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#103 Who Knew ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#102 Who Knew ?

or resurgence ...

Social democracy ... countermeasure to capitalism and fascism, example, On War
https://www.amazon.com/War-beautifully-reproduced-illustrated-introduction-ebook/dp/B00G3DFLY8/
loc394-95:
As long as the Socialists only threatened capital they were not seriously interfered with, for the Government knew quite well that the undisputed sway of the employer was not for the ultimate good of the State.

... snip ...

the government needed general population standard of living sufficient that soldiers were willing to fight to preserve their way of life. Capitalists tendency was to reduce worker standard of living to the lowest possible ... below what the government needed for soldier motivation ... and therefor needed socialists as counterbalance to the capitalists in raising the general population standard of living. Saw this fight out in the 30s, American Fascists opposing all of FDR's "new deals" The Coming of American Fascism, 1920-1940
https://www.historynewsnetwork.org/article/the-coming-of-american-fascism-19201940
The truth, then, is that Long and Coughlin, together with the influential Communist Party and other leftist organizations, helped save the New Deal from becoming genuinely fascist, from devolving into the dictatorial rule of big business. The pressures towards fascism remained, as reactionary sectors of business began to have significant victories against the Second New Deal starting in the late 1930s. But the genuine power that organized labor had achieved by then kept the U.S. from sliding into all-out fascism (in the Marxist sense) in the following decades.

... snip ...

"Coming of America Fascism" shows socialists countered the "New Deal" becoming fascist ... which had been the objective of the capitalists ... thwarting the American Fascists contributed to forcing them further into the Nazi/fascist camp. When The Bankers Plotted To Overthrow FDR
https://www.npr.org/2012/02/12/145472726/when-the-bankers-plotted-to-overthrow-fdr
The Plots Against the President: FDR, A Nation in Crisis, and the Rise of the American Right
https://www.amazon.com/Plots-Against-President-Nation-American-ebook/dp/B07N4BLR77/
Wealthy bankers and businessmen plotted to overthrow FDR. A retired general foiled it.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/01/13/fdr-roosevelt-coup-business-plot/
Wall Street's Plot to Seize the White House: Facing the Corporate Roots of American Fascism
http://coat.ncf.ca/our_magazine/links/53/53-index.html
Gen. Butler Bares 'Fascist Plot' To Seize Government by Force
https://www.nytimes.com/1934/11/21/archives/gen-butler-bares-fascist-plot-to-seize-government-by-force-says.html
The plot to overthrow FDR: How the New Deal sent conservatives into a rage. The right's temper tantrums over Obamacare are nothing compared to what Roosevelt had to deal with
https://www.salon.com/2014/04/18/the_plot_to_overthrow_fdr_how_the_new_deal_sent_conservatives_into_a_rage_partner/
Foiled Coup: The Connecticut Plot to Overthrow Franklin Roosevelt
https://www.blackstarnews.com/us-politics/justice/foiled-coup-the-connecticut-plot-to-overthrow-franklin-roosevelt

Smedley Butler, retired USMC major general and two-time Medal of Honor Recipient
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smedley_Butler
... wrote "War Is A Racket"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Is_a_Racket
... and was asked to lead an american fascist military take-over of the gov. and blew the whistle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Plot

from the law of unintended consequences, when US 1943 Strategic Bombing program needed targets in Germany, they got plans and coordinates from wallstreet.

... but nearly from the founding of the country there has been pressure to allow corporations to operate in self-interest.

capitalism posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#capitalism
racism posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#racism

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM CKD DASD and multi-track search

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM CKD DASD and multi-track search
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 05 Nov 2021 09:41:59 -1000

IBM CKD DASD and multi-track search
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_key_data

I got brought in by the branch into datacenter for large national grocery chain ... multiple 168s in loosely-configuration for different regions. They were having enormous VS2 performance problems and all the standard IBM experts had already been brought through. They had large class room with large piles of performance activity nuumbers covering student tables. I started leafing through and after 30mins noticed during peak slowdown the aggregate activity across all systems for a specific shared 3330 drive peaked at approx. seven/second (one or two per second per system; most rule-of-thumb for 3330 would normally be more like 30-40, not 7) .... it was the only thing that seemed to correlate with peak slowdown. After a little more investigation they said the shared 3330 drive had PDS library for all store controller applications ... and my undergraduate days started to kick in.

I had taken 2hr intro to computers/fortran and within a year, the univ. hired me fulltime to be responsible for IBM mainframe systems ... starting with OS9.5 MFT. The univ. had gotten 360/67 supposedly for tss/360, to replace 709/1401 ... 709 ran tape->tape with 1401 front end, handling tape<->unit record (student fortran jobs running less than second). TSS/360 never quite came to production fruition ... so 360/67 was running as 360/65 with OS/360 ... and student fortran running over minute. Installing HASP cut time for student fortran jobs in half (over 30 seconds). For OS11MFT, I started doing highly customized SYSGENs ... tearing apart STAGE2 systen and re-arraigning to optimize placement of files and PDS members for arm seek and PDS directory multi-track search ... cutting another 2/3rds to 12.9seconds for student fortran ... but still never beat 709 tape->tape until installed UofWaterloo WATFOR.

Turns out the shared store controller PDS library 3330 (for all stores in the country) had very large number of members and three cylinder PDS directory. PDS application member load required on avg. of >1cyl multitrack search ... i.e. two multi-track search I/Os plus the seek/read to load the member ... or three I/Os. The peak 7/sec met that the whole system was limited to just barely more than two store controller application loads per second across all the stores in the country ... i.e. approx. .48secs per application load. A full cylinder PDS directory multi-track search takes 19 rotations or .317secs, a member load is around .03secs .. so there was a 2nd PDS directory multi-track search that avg. 0.133secs or on the avg. approx 7-8 track rotations.

Once the PDS directory multi-track search was diagnosed they partitioned the store controller library into multiple files on different drives and then created a private (non-shared) set for each region system. trivia: note that full cyl. (19track) multi-track search taking 1/3rd sec not only locks up the drive, but also the controller (and all drives on that controller for all systems using that controller) and channel.

I've periodically pontificated that IBM CKD DASD and features like multi-track search were 60s trade-off for limited real-storage and ample I/O capacity. However that trade-off started to invert by the mid-70s. Also in 1983, I wrote that over a period of 15yrs, DASD relative system throughput had declined by an order of magnitude (ten times, aka DASD got 3-5 times faster, but systems got 40-50 times faster). Some IBM disk division executive took exception and assigned the division performance group to refute my claims. After a couple weeks, they came back and basically said that I had slightly understated the problem. Their analysis was respun for a presentation on how to organize data on DASD to improve system throughput, presented in session B874, at SHARE 63, 16Aug1984.

CKD DASD, multi-track search, etc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#dasd

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM CKD DASD and multi-track search

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: IBM CKD DASD and multi-track search
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 05 Nov 2021 09:43:57 -1000

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#105 IBM CKD DASD and multi-track search

... note real CKD DASD hasn't been made for decades, all being simulated on industry standard fixed-block disks.

CKD DASD, multi-track search, etc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#dasd

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Who Knew ?

Refed: **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Who Knew ?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 05 Nov 2021 10:06:08 -1000

Peter Flass <peter_flass@yahoo.com> writes:
I was hoping for an explanation of why, but didn't get one. I guess the Japanese expected to get our carriers, in which case the oil would be secondary. They probably planned to attack them in the second wave, which never happened.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#102 Who Knew ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#103 Who Knew ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#104 Who Knew ?

... after finding the US carriers weren't in port, the Japanese carriers fleeing to the north from Hawaii, were lucky because the US carriers had started hunting west of the islands

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

168 Loosely-Coupled Configuration

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From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: 168 Loosely-Coupled Configuration
Date: 05 Nov 2021
Blog: Facebook

posted both in facebook and a.f.c. newsgroup
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#105 IBM CKD DASD and multi-track search
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#106 IBM CKD DASD and multi-track search

Other loosely-coupled 168 trivia: When I joined IBM, one of my hobbies was enhanced production operating systems for internal datacenters, including HONE which was long time customer. When the US sales&marketing support HONE systems were consolidated in Palo Alto ... the configuration was updated to eight systems all sharing the disk farm (3330 string switch to pair of four channel 3830 controllers) supporting "single-system-image" with load balancing and fall-over across the complex.

I've periodically mentioned that in the morph from CP67->VM370, lots of CP67 features were dropped (including multiprocessor support and a bunch of stuff I had done as undergraduate). I eventually get around to migrating many of the dropped features (and adding more) to release 2 VM370. Now most of sales&marketing support HONE applications were done originally in CMS\APL and then moved to APL\CMS, which were extremely processor intensive. I then migrate multiprocessor support to release 3 VM370 (along with all the other stuff) ... originally for US HONE ... allowing them to add a 2nd processor to each system (for 16 processors total).

HONE posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone
tightly-coupled multiprocessor posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#smp

In 2009, more than 30yrs later, z/VM was advertising similar type capability ... I wrote a number of items about "from the annals of release no software before its time"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011m.html#46 From The Annals of Release No Software Before Its Time
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011m.html#47 From The Annals of Release No Software Before Its Time
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2011m.html#59 From The Annals of Release No Software Before Its Time

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

168 Loosely-Coupled Configuration

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: 168 Loosely-Coupled Configuration
Date: 05 Nov 2021
Blog: Facebook

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#108 168 Loosely-Coupled Configuration

loosely-coupled, cluster, topic drift. The last product we did at IBM was HA/CMP ... started out as HA/6000 originally for the NYTimes to move their newspaper system (ATEX) off of DEC VAX-cluster to IBM. I renamed it to HA/CMP (High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing) when started doing technical cluster scale-up with national lab and commercial cluster scale-up with RDBMS vendors (who had VAX-cluster support ... so it was greatly simplified by doing lock manager supporting VAX-cluster semantics). Part of (high availability) HA/CMP, we spent a lot of time studying how things fail. I was then asked to write a section for the corporation's continuous availability strategy document ... however it gets pulled when both Rochester (AS/400) and POK (mainframe) complain they couldn't meet the objectives.

In early Jan1992 we had meeting on commercial cluster scale-up in (Oracle CEO) Ellison's conference room (16-processors by mid-1992, 128-processor by ye1992). Within a few weeks of that meeting, cluster scale-up is transferred, announced as IBM Supercomputer (for technical/scientific *ONLY*) and we are told we couldn't work on anything with more than four processors. We leave IBM a few months later. One of the things we were told was that the IBM mainframe commercial DB2 group had complained that if we were allowed to continue what we were doing, it would be "at least" five years ahead of what they were doing.

ha/cmp posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp
availability posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#available
original sql/relational, system/r posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#systemr

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM & MasterCard

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM & MasterCard
Date: 05 Nov 2021
Blog: Facebook

... mentioning MasterCard, topic drift, after having left IBM and working in financial industry ... we were having executive meetings with MasterCard and Intuit. Part way through series of meetings they were moved from MasterCard in Manhatten to new hdqtrs bldg in Purchase. This was during IBM troubles and MasterCard people said that IBM was so desperate for cash that they had unloaded the Purchase bldg for less money than MasterCard had payed to have all the interior door handle hardware replaced.

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM CKD DASD and multi-track search

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: IBM CKD DASD and multi-track search
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 05 Nov 2021 18:33:38 -1000

Bob Eager <news0009@eager.cx> writes:
Strangely, I've just been learning about this. I'm writing a simulator for a non IBM machine that used IBM 3336 disks. I have to simulate that lot in a flat file.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#106 IBM CKD DASD and multi-track search
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#105 IBM CKD DASD and multi-track search

Hercules is 370 simulator that includes CKD DASD emulation which may help ... lots of references on the web.

CKD DASD, multi-track search, etc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#dasd

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

Who Knew ?

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Who Knew ?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 06 Nov 2021 08:26:35 -1000

Peter Flass <peter_flass@yahoo.com> writes:
The pilots wanted the second strike, but Nagumo overruled them. I guess 80 years is long enough that I can talk about this dispassionately. I probably won't be here to talk about 9/11 without anger.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#102 Who Knew ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#103 Who Knew ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#104 Who Knew ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#107 Who Knew ?

After 9/11, the U.S. Got Almost Everything Wrong. A mission to rid the world of "terror" and "evil" led America in tragic directions.
https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/09/after-911-everything-wrong-war-terror/620008/
9/11 Had Nothing to Do with Afghanistan
https://www.counterpunch.org/2021/08/06/9-11-had-nothing-to-do-with-afghanistan/
The Afghanistan Papers: A Secret History of the War
https://www.amazon.com/Afghanistan-Papers-Secret-History-War-ebook/dp/B08VJLJ56L/
Democratic senators increase pressure to declassify 9/11 documents related to Saudi role in attacks
https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/566547-democratic-senators-increase-pressure-to-declassify-9-11-documents
Democratic senators and families of victims of the 9/11 attacks called on Thursday for the Biden administration to declassify and make available key documents related to Saudi Arabia's role in the terrorist attacks, ahead of the 20th anniversary commemorating the tragedy.

... snip ...

... from truth is stranger than fiction and law of unintended consequences that come back to bite you, much of the radical Islam & ISIS can be considered our own fault, former CIA director and VP Bush in the 80s
https://www.amazon.com/Family-Secrets-Americas-Invisible-Government-ebook/dp/B003NSBMNA/
pg292/loc6057-59:
There was also a calculated decision to use the Saudis as surrogates in the cold war. The United States actually encouraged Saudi efforts to spread the extremist Wahhabi form of Islam as a way of stirring up large Muslim communities in Soviet-controlled countries. (It didn't hurt that Muslim Soviet Asia contained what were believed to be the world's largest undeveloped reserves of oil.)

... snip ...

The Accumulated Evil of the Whole: That time Bush and Co. made the September 11 Attacks a Pretext for War on Iraq
https://www.juancole.com/2021/09/accumulated-september-pretext.html
Before the Iraq invasion, the cousin of white house chief of staff Card ... was dealing with the Iraqis at the UN and was given evidence that WMDs (tracing back to US in the Iran/Iraq war) had been decommissioned. the cousin shared it with (cousin, white house chief of staff) Card and others ... then is locked up in military hospital, book was published in 2010 (4yrs before decommissioned WMDs were declassified)
https://www.amazon.com/EXTREME-PREJUDICE-Terrifying-Story-Patriot-ebook/dp/B004HYHBK2/
NY Times series from 2014, the decommission WMDs (tracing back to US from Iran/Iraq war), had been found early in the invasion, but the information was classified for a decade
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/10/14/world/middleeast/us-casualties-of-iraq-chemical-weapons.html

CIA Director Colby wouldn't approve the "Team B" analysis (exaggerated USSR military capability) and Rumsfeld got Colby replaced with Bush, who would approve "Team B" analysis (justifying huge DOD spending increase), after Rumsfeld replaces Colby, he resigns as white house chief of staff to become SECDEF (and is replaced by his assistant Cheney)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_B
former CIA director H.W. is VP, he and Rumsfeld are involved in supporting Iraq in the Iran/Iraq war
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War
including WMDs (note picture of Rumsfeld with Saddam)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_war
VP and former CIA director repeatedly claims no knowledge of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair
because he was fulltime administration point person deregulating financial industry ... creating S&L crisis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_and_loan_crisis along with other
members of his family
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_and_loan_crisis#Silverado_Savings_and_Loan
and another
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE0D81E3BF937A25753C1A966958260

In the early 90s, H.W. is president and Cheney is SECDEF. Sat. photo recon analyst told white house that Saddam was marshaling forces to invade Kuwait. White house said that Saddam would do no such thing and proceeded to discredit the analyst. Later the analyst informed the white house that Saddam was marshaling forces to invade Saudi Arabia, now the white house has to choose between Saddam and the Saudis.
https://www.amazon.com/Long-Strange-Journey-Intelligence-ebook/dp/B004NNV5H2/
... roll forward ... Bush2 is president and presides over the huge cut in taxes, huge increase in spending, explosion in debt, the economic mess (70 times larger than his father's S&L crisis) and the forever wars, Cheney is VP, Rumsfeld is SECDEF and one of the Team B members is deputy SECDEF (and major architect of Iraq policy).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz

turn of century, the military-industrial complex had wanted a war so badly that corporate reps were telling former eastern block countries that if they voted for IRAQ2 invasion in the UN, they would get membership in NATO and (directed appropriation) USAID (can *ONLY* be used for purchase of modern US arms, aka additional congressional gifts to MIC complex not in DOD budget). From the law of unintended consequences, the invaders were told to bypass ammo dumps looking for WMDs, when they got around to going back, over a million metric tons had evaporated (showing up later in IEDs)
https://www.amazon.com/Prophets-War-Lockheed-Military-Industrial-ebook/dp/B0047T86BA/

... kicking hundreds of thousands of former soldiers out on the streets spawned ISIS ... and bypassing the ammo dumps (looking for fictitious/fabricated WMDs) gave them over a million metric tons.

Ghost Riders of Baghdad: Soldiers, Civilians, and the Myth of the Surge
https://www.amazon.com/Ghost-Riders-Baghdad-Soldiers-Civilians-ebook/dp/B014PWVUAC/
pg111/loc2179-82:
The backstory to all this is well reported. The Bush administration appointed hundreds of politically loyal neoconservative bureaucrats to run postwar Iraq, including the top civilian official--L. Paul Bremer. Bremer, heavily influenced by Iraqi exiles like Ahmed Chalabi and supported by Vice President Dick Cheney, implemented a policy of de-Baathification.

pg111/loc2193-95:
On 16 April 2003, Bremer, against the advice of Colin Powell's State Department and the Central Intelligence Agency, disbanded the Iraqi Army. 16 This seemingly simple decision placed a few hundred thousand unemployed young men back on the street with no effective reintegration strategy. pg171/loc3246-49: All this talk of "what-ifs" and lost Surge opportunities ignores one salient, if uncomfortable, fact: ISIS is an outgrowth of our own invasion. Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF--as we gleefully named it) was more than just an awful euphemism; it spelled catastrophe--and chaos--for most Iraqis.

... snip ...

perpetual war posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#perpetual.war
WMD posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#wmds
Team B posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#team.b
military-industrial(-congressional) complex posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#military.industrial.complex
S&L crisis posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#s&l.crisis
economic mess posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#economic.mess

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

IBM Downturn

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **

From: Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IBM Downturn
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 06 Nov 2021 12:46:32 -1000

The seeds for IBM downturn were sown as Future System was failing ... during the FS period in the 1st half of the 70s (complete different and completely replace 370), 370 work was being shutdown ... the lack of new IBM 370 products in the period is credited with giving clone 370 markers their market foothold. I continued to do 360/370 work all through the period and even periodically ridicule FS (which wasn't exactly a career enhancing activity). from Ferguson & Morris, "Computer Wars: The Post-IBM World", Time Books, 1993
http://www.amazon.com/Computer-Wars-The-Post-IBM-World/dp/1587981394 .... reference to the "Future System" project 1st half of the 70s:

and perhaps most damaging, the old culture under Watson Snr and Jr of free and vigorous debate was replaced with *SYNCOPHANCY* and *MAKE NO WAVES* under Opel and Akers. It's claimed that thereafter, IBM lived in the shadow of defeat ... But because of the heavy investment of face by the top management, F/S took years to kill, although its wrong headedness was obvious from the very outset. "For the first time, during F/S, outspoken criticism became politically dangerous," recalls a former top executive.

... snip ...

other FS detail
http://www.jfsowa.com/computer/memo125.htm

so some seeds of the downfall may have been sown with killing of ACS.

future system posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

In late 70s and early 80s, I was blamed for online computer conferencing on the internal network (larger than arpanet/internet from just about the beginning until sometime mid/late 80s). Jim Gray left IBM research in fall of 1980 (palming some number of things on me) for Tandem and we would periodically visit him. Internal online computer conferencing really took off after I distributed Gray trip report spring of 1981 ... some claims that 25,000 IBMers were reading. Folklore is that when corporate executive committee were told about it, 5of6 wanted to fire me. From IBMJargon:

internal network posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet
online computer conferencing posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#cmc

from "Tandem Memos" Executive summary (with about 300 pages printed from the memos, along with the executive summary and summary of the summary, packaged in TANDEM 3-ring binders and sent to corporate executive committee) :

PREFACE

This summary is an attempt to extract from the "Tandem memos" those points which seem worthy of management attention, emphasizing those points for which a clear plan of action can be recommended. Since this summary is less than 5% as long as the original documents, some points worthy of mention are inevitably left out

I have done my best to represent the discussion as accurately as possible. Occasionally, I have added comments which are not actually present in the "Tandem memos", but are consonant with them and, in most cases, were made in other contexts by the participants

The decisions of what material and topics to include in this summary are strictly my own. I apologize if something of significance has been omitted. The intention was to include those comments which seemed to be most widely held, most globally relevant, and most amenable to action by management

SUMMARY OF THE SUMMARY

To give the reader an overview of what follows, I include here the most important points. It is impossible to do justice to the entire discussion in such a short summary of a summary

• The perception of many technical people in IBM is that the company is rapidly heading for disaster. Furthermore, people fear that this movement will not be appreciated until it begins more directly to affect revenue, at which point recovery may be impossible

• Many technical people are extremely frustrated with their management and with the way things are going in IBM. To an increasing extent, people are reacting to this by leaving IBM Most of the contributors to the present discussion would prefer to stay with IBM and see the problems rectified. However, there is increasing skepticism that correction is possible or likely, given the apparent lack of commitment by management to take action

• There is a widespread perception that IBM management has failed to understand how to manage technical people and high-technology development in an extremely competitive environment.

... snip ...

aka, which comes to pass a decade later (1981-1992) ... reorging into "13 baby blues" in preparation for breaking up the company (gone behind paywall, mostly free at wayback machine)
https://web.archive.org/web/20101120231857/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,977353,00.html
may also work
https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,977353-1,00.html

we had left but get a call from bowels of Armonk (IBM corporate hdqtrs) asking if we could help with the breakup of the company. Lots of business units were using MOUs to leverage supplier contracts in other units, which would be in different corporations after the breakup. All these MOUs would have to be cataloged and turned into their own contracts (before we get started, a new CEO is brought in and reverses the breakup). We also get email from former coworkers complaining that top executives weren't paying attention to running the business but totally focused on moving expenses from the following year to the current year. We ask our contact in Armonk. He says top executives won't get a bonus for the current year, but the way the bonus plan is written if they can move enough expenses from the following year, nudging it even slightly into the black, they will get a bonus more than twice as large as any previous bonus (aka, getting rewarded for having taken the company into the red)

A little after "Tandem Memos", I was introduced to John Boyd and would sponsor his briefings at IBM. Note in 89/90, the Commandant of the Marine Corps leverages Boyd for a Corps make-over ... at a time when IBM was desperately in need of a make-over (two organizations had about same # of people)

Note, in the late 80s a senior disk engineer had got a talk scheduled at annual, world-wide, internal communication group conference supposedly on 3174 performance ... but opened the talk with statement that the communication group was going to be responsible for demise of the disk division. The issue was that the communication group had strategic ownership of everything that crossed the datacenter wall and were fiercely fighting off client/server and distributed computing. The disk division was seeing drop in disk sales with customers moving to platforms more distributed computing friendly. The disk division came up with a number of solutions, but they were constantly being vetoed by the communication group with their strategic stranglehold on datacenters. The communication group datacenter stranglehold not only affected disk sales but much of the rest of IBM computing business.

terminal emulation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#terminal

An European IBM executive view of the crisis (The rise and fall of IBM)
https://www.ecole.org/en/session/49-the-rise-and-fall-of-ibm

IBM downfall/downturn posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submisc.html#ibmdownfall

other recent posts with summary of summary and potential that the company is rapidly heading towards disaster
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021e.html#16 IBM Internal Network
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#31 IBM HSDT & HA/CMP
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021f.html#55 3380 disk capacity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#5 IBM's 18-month company-wide email system migration has been a disaster, sources say
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#20 Big Blue's big email blues signal terminal decline - unless it learns to migrate itself
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#33 Big Blue's big email blues signal terminal decline - unless it learns to migrate itself
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#45 Cloud computing's destiny
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021g.html#51 Intel rumored to be in talks to buy chip manufacturer GlobalFoundries for $30B
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#64 Virtual Machine Debugging
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021i.html#79 IBM Downturn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#70 IBM Wild Ducks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#96 IBM 3278
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2021j.html#100 Who Says Elephants Can't Dance?

--
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

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