from this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006r.html#48 cold war again
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Entry point for a Mainframe? Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 11 Mar 2010 16:00:05 -0500Joe Pfeiffer <pfeiffer@cs.nmsu.edu> writes:
there was battle about introduction of 3274/3278 regressed the interactive computing human factors compared to earlier 3272/3277; eventually the official response was that 3274/3278 was designed for "data entry" ... not interactive computing ... aka the stuff that had earlier been done transcribing various things to punch cards.
recent past posts mentioning 3274/3278
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#31 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#48 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010c.html#24 Processes' memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#36 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#41 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#44 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#72 LPARs: More or Less?
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: More calumny: "Secret Service Uses 1980s Mainframe" Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main, alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 11 Mar 2010 17:38:10 -0500Tim Shoppa <shoppa@trailing-edge.com> writes:
by the mid-80s, 3270s were PCs with terminal emulation ... print screen, screen scraping, all sorts of terminal emulation functions, etc.
the scenario sort of works in the 70s during FS period ... where internal
security operations attempted to control FS architecture & specification
documents with security enhanced vm370 and only being able to read on
"real" 3270s.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys
recent post mentioning being challenged with even if "I" was left alone
in the machine room, even "I" wouldn't be able access the documents. One
of the few times I took the bait ... took less than five minutes
(most of the time involved isolating the machine from outside access
since when I flipped a specific bit in storage ... all access security
was compromised).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#6 Need tool to zap core
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Entry point for a Mainframe? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main, alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 12 Mar 2010 13:55:24 -0500Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
Comparison with 3725NCP System:
• Higher availability • More reliable • More function • Improved Useability • Non-IBM Host Support • Much better connectivity • Much better performance • Fewer components • Easier to tune • Easier to tailor • Easier to manage • Less expensive... snip ...
SNA RUs were encapsulated and carried within real networking traffic. Part of the ease of implementing all of the above ... was whole infrastructure was real networking ... only dropping down to SNA emulation at boundary interfaces when necessary.
One of the internal parties that was really interested was IMS hot-standby. Some of the IMS hot-standby configurations with tens of thousands of terminals, was clocking at over 90minuts (sometimes a lot more) to re-establish all the sessions in fall-over scenario. IMS hot-standby wanted slight tweak to the "high availability" sessions (aka network session information was replicated within the distributed network) where "shadow" SNA sessions were created with the VTAM on the fall-over processor(s) ... instead of taking potentially hrs to get everything back up and running ... the (SNA/VTAM) session fall-over was as fast as the IMS hot-standby fall-over (all being spoofed by having a real non-SNA networking environment to do it from).
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Why is Kerberos ever used, rather than modern public key cryptography? Newsgroups: sci.crypt Date: Fri, 12 Mar 2010 14:33:20 -0500Jim Haynes <jhaynes@alumni.uark.edu> writes:
lots of public key cryptography is only used around the edges ... because it is so much more expensive than symmetric keys ... aka SSL uses public key for symmetric key exchange ... and then the rest is done not using public key cryptography.
way back when, we were part of one of the corporations that was underwriting Project Athena ... and would go by for periodic reviews of their projects ... including Kerberos. One week sat thru the evoluation of design for cross-domain operation.
Much more recently sat thru a presentation of one of the first SAML deployments... and brought up that their message flows were identical to Kerberos cross-domain.
One of the original issues vis-a-vis digital certificate paradigm ... there still being requirement for the authorization information (what permissions), in addition to authentication. Early digital certificate scenarios were that both authentication and authorization information would be carried in the certificate. The issue was that a lot of authorization information needed to be much more timely than the stale/static information carried in the digital certificates ... as well as finding that authorization information frequenlty turning out to have privacy implications.
Creating real-time (non-public) repository for the authorization information ... significant reduces the justification for having digital certificates; in fact recording the authentication information (whether shared-secret or public key) in the same real-time (non-public) repository ... makes digital certificates redundant and superfluous
another major authentication/authorization infrastructure is RADIUS ... used by ISPs all over the world. This also started out with shared-secret authentication ... in approx. same time-frame as Kerberos. In much the same way that PKINIT had public key registration in lieu of password ... it is also possible to do RADIUS infrastructure that registers public key in lieu of password (neither actually requiring digital certificates as part of doing public key authentication).
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: LPARs: More or Less? Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 12 Mar 2010 17:03:27 -0500re:
Lehman autopsy throws Ernst & Young into spotlight
http://www.marketwatch.com/story/lehman-autopsy-throws-ernst-young-into-spotlight-2010-03-12
from above:
Ernst & Young came under fresh public scrutiny after a report on the
Lehman Bros. collapse alleged that the accounting firm's audit failed to
challenge transactions that essentially hid $50 billion of the
investment bank's assets.
... snip ...
a few others
Lehman, Ernst & Young and accounting
http://insider.accountancyage.com/2010/03/lehman-ernst-yo.html
Will Ernst & Young Survive The Lehman Fiasco?
http://www.businessinsider.com/will-ernst-and-young-survive-the-lehman-fiasco-2010-3
Ernst & Young faces legal action over Lehman collapse
http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article7059469.ece
Lehman Fraudulently Cooked Its Books, Accounting Giant Ernst & Young
Helped, Geithner and Bernanke Winked and Slapped Them on the Back
http://www.prisonplanet.com/lehman-fraudulently-cooked-its-books-accounting-giant-ernst-young-helped-geithner-and-bernanke-winked-and-slapped-them-on-the-back.html
tv business news shows today have been making several references to enron & anderson and where was SOX when all of this was going on.
A few posts mentioning SOX
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009.html#15 What are the challenges in risk analytics post financial crisis?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009.html#52 The Credit Crunch: Why it happened?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009.html#53 CROOKS and NANNIES: what would Boyd do?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009.html#57 CROOKS and NANNIES: what would Boyd do?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009.html#73 CROOKS and NANNIES: what would Boyd do?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#36 A great article was posted in another BI group: "To H*** with Business Intelligence: 40 Percent of Execs Trust Gut"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#37 A great article was posted in another BI group: "To H*** with Business Intelligence: 40 Percent of Execs Trust Gut"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#48 The blame game is on : A blow to the Audit/Accounting Industry or a lesson learned ???
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#49 US disaster, debts and bad financial management
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#52 What has the Global Financial Crisis taught the Nations, it's Governments and Decision Makers, and how should they apply that knowledge to manage risks differently in the future?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#53 Credit & Risk Management ... go Simple ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#54 In your opinion, which facts caused the global crise situation?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#57 Credit & Risk Management ... go Simple ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#59 As bonuses...why breed greed, when others are in dire need?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#73 What can we learn from the meltdown?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#80 How to defeat new telemarketing tactic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#0 Audit II: Two more scary words: Sarbanes-Oxley
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#1 Audit II: Two more scary words: Sarbanes-Oxley
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#3 How to defeat new telemarketing tactic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#20 Decision Making or Instinctive Steering?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#29 How to defeat new telemarketing tactic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#44 How to defeat new telemarketing tactic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#48 How to defeat new telemarketing tactic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#0 PNC Financial to pay CEO $3 million stock bonus
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#3 Congress Set to Approve Pay Cap of $500,000
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#10 Who will Survive AIG or Derivative Counterparty Risk?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#22 Is it time to put banking executives on trial?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#37 NEW SEC (Enforcement) MANUAL, A welcome addition
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#42 Bernard Madoff Is Jailed After Pleading Guilty -- are there more "Madoff's" out there?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#61 Quiz: Evaluate your level of Spreadsheet risk
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#62 Is Wall Street World's Largest Ponzi Scheme where Madoff is Just a Poster Child?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#63 Do bonuses foster unethical conduct?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#73 Should Glass-Steagall be reinstated?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#75 Whistleblowing and reporting fraud
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#0 What is swap in the financial market?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#13 Should we fear and hate derivatives?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#35 Architectural Diversity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#36 Architectural Diversity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#37 How do you see ethics playing a role in your organizations current or past?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#2 CEO pay sinks - Wall Street Journal/Hay Group survey results just released
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#29 What is the real basis for business mess we are facing today?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#51 On whom or what would you place the blame for the sub-prime crisis?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009g.html#7 Just posted third article about toxic assets in a series on the current financial crisis
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009g.html#33 Treating the Web As an Archive
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#17 REGULATOR ROLE IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT FINANCIAL SCANDALS
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009i.html#60 In the USA "financial regulator seeks power to curb excess speculation."
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009j.html#12 IBM identity manager goes big on role control
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009j.html#30 An Amazing Document On Madoff Said To Have Been Sent To SEC In 2005
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009m.html#89 Audits V: Why did this happen to us ;-(
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009n.html#17 UK issues Turning apology (and about time, too)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009n.html#20 UK issues Turning apology (and about time, too)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009o.html#71 "Rat Your Boss" or "Rats to Riches," the New SEC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009s.html#45 Audits VII: the future of the Audit is in your hands
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009s.html#47 Audits VII: the future of the Audit is in your hands
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: search engine history, was Happy DEC-10 Day Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sat, 13 Mar 2010 11:10:07 -0500Michael Wojcik <mwojcik@newsguy.com> writes:
some recent:
News: SCO Asked O'Gara To Smear Groklaw
http://news.slashdot.org/story/10/03/13/138210/SCO-Asked-OGara-To-Smear-Groklaw
Blake Stowell Email to Maureen O'Gara: "I Need You to Send a Jab PJ's
Way"
http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20100312150121798
older reference:
Final Judgment -- SCO Loses, Owes $3,506,526
http://news.slashdot.org/story/08/11/21/1849215/Final-Judgment-mdash-SCO-Loses-Owes-3506526
Final Judgment in SCO v. Novell: SCO Loses Again
http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20081120195227418
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@garlic.com (Lynn Wheeler) Date: 23 Feb, 2010 Subject: Online Banking & Password Theft Blog: Computer Security and ForensicsIn the mid-90s, various of the consumer dial-up online banking were making presentations that they would move to the internet ... offloading significant support costs onto ISPs (who could spread the costs across large variety of online offerings ... not just online banking). Major costs were customer support for the after-market proprietary modem drivers (some operations claiming library of >60 different such drivers ... and still having problems) and support for the incoming computers calls.
at the same time (early/mid 90s), the cash management/commercial dial-up online banking operations were claiming that they would never move to the internet for a long list of reasons ... all of which have been seen in the last 15 yrs. Recently there has been call for commercial internet online banking almost return to the dial-up days ... advocating that businesses have a new, dedicated PC that is only used for online banking (and never used for anything else).
EU had somewhat analogous approach with the EU FINREAD standard in the
late 90s ... basically moved the authentication/authorization
end-point to a stand-alone, dedicated device ... as countermeasure to
long list of well understood ways that PCs were being compromised
(situation that has changed little in the past decade-plus period).
misc. past posts mentioning EU FINREAD standard
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#finread
In late 90s, EU FINREAD standard was countermeasure for compromised PCs which
1) stole pin/passwords (something you know authentication) that could be used in "replay" fraudulent transactions by criminal software on the same or different machines.
2) for token (something you have authentication), the criminal software can directly generate fraudulent transactions, spoofing human interactions on the compromised PC (having captured keystrokes and screen displays from previous transactions)... transactions that the human isn't even aware of.
3) for token (something you have authentication), which requires some form of unspoof'able interaction ... the compromised PC displays a different transaction than is actually executed ... the user is asked to approve transactions ... which are totally different than the transaction actually executed.
Latest round of online banking software compromises ... have sophisticated software that is aware of large number of online banking web page formate ... and eliminate the fraudulent transactions ... so that they don't show up when user asks for current transactions and balance.
compromises of PCs have been known from when PCs were originally introduced ... and accelerated with ubuquitous internet connectivity. most recent:
Security Industry Faces Attacks It Can't Stop
http://it.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=10/03/12/1651253
from above:
What both Mariposa and the Google attacks illustrate, and what went
largely unsaid at RSA, was that the security industry has failed to
protect paying customers from some of today's most pernicious threats
... snip ...
and ...
Security industry faces attacks it cannot stop; Tests find that most
AV is still not blocking Aurora exploit
http://www.itworld.com/security/100320/security-industry-faces-attacks-it-cannot-stop
tens of millions (if not hundreds of millions) are "owned" by compromised software (as in all the news about vast "botnets").
for other drift ... say online banking requires USB hardware token that requires a PIN; then the compromised software captures keystrokes and can simulate PIN entry for fraudulent transactions. Say USB token also requires human to unplug and plug-in token for each transaction; token only does a single transaction per power cycle (token recognizes power on/off) ... compromised software cycles the power to the USB port ... simulating human unplug/plug-in. As previously mentioned, if there is some totally unspoof'able human interaction for every transaction ... then display the intended transaction ... but perform a totally different fraudulent transaction.
In the EU FINREAD standard scenario .. If the end-point is potentially point of compromise and represents interface to human ... then the compromised end-point can be used to spoof anything that might be required from a real live human .... it is independent of where stuff executes and/or is stored .... and it doesn't actually have to compromise any other part of the infrastructure ... just has to sufficiently reproduce what might be required of a real live human as part of a transaction.
countermeasures (other than eu finread) has been increasingly complex
interactions ... visual keyboards with randomly re-arranged keys that
relies on mouse clicks for input ... or stuff like CAPTCHA (as
countermeasure to compromised end-point spoofing live human
interactions)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAPTCHA
crooks have come back with being able to recognize key locations in visual keyboard and simulate mouse click correct key selection and being able to do character recognition for increasingly obscured CAPTCHA schemes.
It might be thot of a form of impersonation... but instead of a real live person doing the impersonation ... it is increasingly sophisticated criminal software (instead of criminal software simulating the real software, the criminal software is simulating the human).
recent reference:
Zeus botnet malware is improving for hackers
http://news.techworld.com/security/3215033/zeus-botnet-malware-is-improving-for-hackers/?olo=rss
from above:
The Windows-based Zeus Trojan software, which takes up about 50,000
bytes on a compromised Windows-based computer, is designed to plunder
accounts in North American and United Kingdom banking systems via the
victim's computer.
... snip ...
another recent reference:
Password-stealing virus on Facebook
http://infotech.indiatimes.com/News-Internet/Password-stealing_virus_on_Facebook/articleshow/5696733.cms
from above:
Hackers have flooded the Internet with virus-tainted spam that targets
Facebook's estimated 400 million users in an effort to steal banking
passwords and gather other sensitive information.
... snip ...
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: What was the historical price of a P/390? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main, alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 14 Mar 2010 11:11:22 -0400shmuel+ibm-main@PATRIOT.NET (Shmuel Metz , Seymour J.) writes:
one of the raid configurations is purely parallel transfer.
with fiber channel transfer speeds ... at the time when there was struggles to get mainframe disks at escon speeds.
old post about jan92 meeting wanting harrier to turn into
interoperabiilty with fiber channel ... instead of SSA
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13
what i remember of the fiber channel standards from the early 90s ... where the escon forces was creating quite a bit of contention trying to layer significantly more complex structure on top of the native FCS to handle ECKD half-duplex, synchronous type stuff (subsequently turns into FICON).
part of several Harrier, SSA, SCI, and FCS activities (from the late 80s & early 90s) were taking parallel bus protocol, packetizing them and running them asynchronously over (dual simplex) serial links ... significantly improving thruput and eliminating the end-to-end synchronous latency required by half-duplex parallel bus protocols.
Harrier could use high-end SCSI disks ... with dual 80mbit/sec serial
copper links (dedicated serial link for each direction of data flow).
As part of HA/CMP
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp
I benchmarked a wide variety of workloads on Harrier and standard SCSI
... using effectively identical disks ... with Harrier having
significantly higher thruput ... especially as load went up. Harrier
then evolves into SSA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Storage_Architecture
By comparison, in that time-frame, ESCON forces were fighting to emulate parallel bus synchronous operation on top of FCS (for what later becomes FICON) ... which was nearly the opposite of most of the other direction from the period.
ESCON basic was emulating half-duplex parallel over 17mbyte/sec links (getting 17mbyte/sec aggregate modulo syncrhonous latency delays). About the time that ESCON finally shipped, RS/6000 also came out with SLAs. ESCON had been kicking around POK for a long time before finally getting out. In that period, one of the RS/6000 engineers took the ESCON definition, tweaked it to be about 10% faster, made it full duplex/asynchronous (i.e. 220mbit concurrent in each direction, 440mbit/sec aggregate) and used significantly less expensive optical drivers. The engineer was then convinced to not do a 800mbit version of SLA ... but to work on FCS standard instead.
that engineer was then also heavily involved in cluster scale-up ... old
medusa email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#medusa
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: What was the historical price of a P/390? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main, alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 14 Mar 2010 11:59:29 -0400re:
old post mentioning p/390 ... but mostly about "a74" precursor (from the
dept in the pok ... officially "7437") with several press releases &
articles about a74
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#4 IBM Mainframe at home
one of the releases in the above mentions 7437 priced at $18,100. The above also has several references to "washington" (xt/370 & at/370) ... I had gotten blamed for six month slip in shipping washington because I had done a number of benchmarks and showed that the VM&CMS they were using was somewhat bloated in real storage requirements and had a lot of page thrashing (slip was to redo card with more real storage to cut down page thrashing).
wiki page with some amount r/390, p/390 & s/390 integrated server:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC-based_IBM-compatible_mainframes
S/390 Integrated server announcement letter (198-211, 8sep1998)
http://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/rep_ca/1/897/ENUS198-211/index.html
above lists support for SSA disk.
this lists S/390 Integrated server at $49,990, with $18,855 going
towards purchase of the S/390 daughter card:
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CGN/is_n181/ai_21154322/
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Entry point for a Mainframe? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main, alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 14 Mar 2010 13:07:33 -0400re:
of course, I had managed to offend the communication group as
undergraduate in the 60s working on plug-compatible controller
(originally done on interdata/3 ... eventually acquired by Perkin-Elmer
and marketing at least thru much of the 80s ... P/E fed/gov marketing
manager commented that channel interface board looked like it may have
been the original wire-wrap design done at the univ. in the
60s). misc. past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#360pcm
there was writeup blaming four of us for the clone controller business.
in the late 90s, touring a merchant acquiring (very) large mainframe installation (multiple max'ed out CECs), there were these boxes handling calls from a significant percentage of the merchant point-of-sale terminals in the US.
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: What was the historical price of a P/390? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main, alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 14 Mar 2010 18:01:00 -0400Mike <mhammoc@bellsouth.net> writes:
zpdt page:
http://dtsc.dfw.ibm.com/adcd/adcd.html
other p/390 page
http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid80_gci212733,00.html
the above mentions that MVS required 128mbytes of RAM, while VM and VSE will install 32megabytes.
getting blamed for six month slip in washington (xt/370) was original shipping with 384kbyte RAM (fixed storage for vm kernel as well as paging space for cms). It ran in that space ... but did some amount of paging. The issue compared to "real" mainframe disks ... was that I/O requests were passed to cp/88 on the XT ... which would use the XT (20mbyte) harddisk for paging as well as cms filesystem ... operating at 100ms/access.
In any case, upgrade was to increase memory to 512kbyte RAM ... cutting down amount of paging (passed over to cp/88 and then 100ms).
They also picked up some other stuff I had done. I had done CMS paged
mapped filesystem that had several features that provided much higher
thruput than normal CMS filesystem (moderate i/o workload getting
possibly 300% better thruput on identical 3380 drives). Part was playing
some tricks with page invalid/valid to allow asynchronous CMS operation
... launching CMS application execution ... and allowing to overlap while
application program image was still loading. misc. past posts
mentioning doing paged mapped filesystem for cms
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#mmap
for other drift, slightly related at same website: "IBM mainframe user
2010 wish list":
http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/tip/0,289483,sid80_gci1381173,00.html
related thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#68 Entry point for a Mainframe?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#70 Entry point for a Mainframe?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#71 Entry point for a Mainframe?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#72 Entry point for a Mainframe?
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: IBM And Microsoft Clash Over Unbundling Policy Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main, alt.folklore.computers Date: Mon, 15 Mar 2010 10:48:52 -0400IBM And Microsoft Clash Over Unbundling Policy
from above:
Column about IBM attacking a study that it says was funded by
Microsoft and that calls for server hardware and software to be
unbundled, and for the same policy to apply for mainframes
... snip ...
can anybody say 23jun69? ... lots of past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#unbundle
IBM did make the case that kernel (aka operator system) software should still be free.
While at the univ. in the 60s, I was involved in building clone
controller ... then there was write-up blaming four of us for the
clone controller business. ... misc. past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#360pcm
the clone controller business is claimed to have been major motivation
for future system effort ... misc. past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys
future system was going to completely replace 360/370 with something radically different ... and 370 product pipelines were allowed to go dry. that has been claimed to be major factor behind clone processors gaining foothold in the market. then with the demise of the future system effort, there was mad rush to get products back into the 370 product pipeline.
I had continued to do 370 stuff all during future system era ... even
making less than complimentary comments about future system stuff. Then
the mad rush (to get stuff back into 370 product pipeline) possibly
contributed to picking up pieces of my work and shipping them. One such
was a bunch of dynamic adaptive resource management that I had
originally done on cp67 as undergraduate. The clone processors possibly
contributed to change in decision to start charging for kernel software
... and my resource manager was selected as the first guinea pig ... so
I got to spend lots of time with the lawyers and business people about
kernel software charging. ... misc. resource management and/or
scheduling posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#fairshare
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler) Subject: Re: Real CPU Id Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main Date: 15 Mar 2010 09:47:09 -0700PaulGBoulder@AIM.COM (Paul Gilmartin) writes:
there were scenarios in the 90s with music stores near large college campuses. drop-off of something like 90% in CD sales after univ. put in high-speed networking and filesharing servers going up on campus.
part of the issue was that CD sales were heavily skewed ... a very few popular recent releases accounting for majority sales in any month.
early design of trusted platform module (in trusted computing) was to support DRM ... but various kinds of opposition has TPM positioned as trusted system component (countermeasure to system compromises, viruses, trojan horses, etc) ... primarily on higher-end servers.
part of what I had done in the AADS chip strawman was countermeasure to copy-chips. at one point was approached by some of the processor chip vendors about possibly incorporated that part of the AADS chip strawman as part of every processor chip (as countermeasure not only for copy-chips ... but also grey market chips). an issue is that the countermeasure for copy-chips can also be used for DRM.
very long ago and far away spent a little time on task force looking at what kind of hardware that could be added to original PC for anti-piracy ... it was a little like TPM, but such technology back then was much more primitive and much more expensive.
misc. references to AADS chip strawman
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#aads
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: What was the historical price of a P/390? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main, alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 16 Mar 2010 10:54:28 -0400shmuel+ibm-main@PATRIOT.NET (Shmuel Metz , Seymour J.) writes:
lot of it was adding lots of additional processors for managing the i/o programming. the 3033 using channel directors (158 engines with 370 microcode removed and only the integrated channels) wasn't all that hot.
the 3090 had more processors for doing i/o. however, the 3880 disk controller had much slower processor for command processing that it significantly drove up channel busy time per operation. the result was that there was change in 3090 to add a lot more channels (for a "balanced configuration") to spread the 3880s across a larger number of channels. This pushed 3090 channel circuits passed a threshold and another TCM had to be added. POK wanted to charge the san jose disk division the cost of the extra TCM on every 3090 sold. 3090 was also being sold into some of the "supercomputer" market with vector processing. However, that also implied lots of real high-speed disks operating at HIPPI speeds (basically standards version of cray channel) operating at 100mbyte/sec. The 3090 i/o interface couldn't handle the 100mbyte/sec transfers ... so there was a hack to cut into the side of the expanded store bus to added HIPPI. The problem there was no channel processors on the expanded store bus ... just the 4k move instructions ... so 3090 HIPPI i/o had to be done with "peek/poke" paradgim.
a lot of the sequent NUMA-Q machine was PC processors with lots of
things like enormous amounts of i/o processing. old emails
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#email951030
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#email961211
from recent post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#70 Entry point for a Mainframe?
about customer providing sequent with 3590 drives to get support done ... and mention that first pass of the sequent dynix 3590 device driver didn't support scatter/gather & sili. the application was several hundred million accounts with possibly tens of millions of transactions every day. the transactions would be sorted in account order (and account summary information on tape was in account sorted order). the application would read input tape, apply/merge transaction summary information with days transactions and write the result to new tape. the idea was to do the processing at full 3590 speed ... getting nightly processing done to approx 30mins elapsed time (compared to having every night processing taking a couple weeks elapsed time using various other approaches).
a big bottleneck for mainframe has been the half-duplex channel paradigm and CKD simulation (attempting to compensate for the bottleneck results in significantly increased complexity).
original harrier was dual 80mbit/sec links ... running asynchronously
... getting 160mbit/sec aggregate ... SSA doubled that to 160mbit/sec
asynchronous links ... getting 320mit/sec aggregate (and running
asynchrnously help offset increasing latency issue). As mentioned SSA
was offered on s/390 integrated server:
http://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/rep_ca/1/897/ENUS198-211/index.html
mentioned here
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#8 What was the historical price of a P/390?
compared to half-duplex 200mbit/sec escon ... which suffered protocol
latency issues with half-duplex activity. FCS disk infrastructures
... operating similar to harrier/SSA but at FCS speeds ... long before
FICON. that was sort of what got us into trouble (with mainframe
group) ... with cluster scale-up ... referenced in this old post about
jan92 meeting in ellison's conference room
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13
and this old email references
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#medusa
within a couple weeks after the meeting in ellison's conference room,
the project was transferred ... announced as a product in the
numerical intensive market (only) ... and we were told we couldn't
work on anything with more four processors. Old press article from
17feb92 (approx. five weeks after meeting in ellison's conference
room):
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters1
and another from 11May92
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters2
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: What was the historical price of a P/390? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main, alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 16 Mar 2010 11:24:38 -0400re:
recent old email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#email810617
in this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#36 What was old is new again (water chilled)
3033 would use three channel directors (i.e. 158 integrated channels microcode provided six channels) to get 16 channels.
the above email reference has 4341 with six channels that performance significantly better than 158 integrated channels (or channel directors).
one of the problems with scaling up 3033 was it was limited in real
storage as well as number of channels (and the performance of each of
those channels) ... along with mvs/3033 scale-up was running into severe
problem with common segement area bloat (trying to add more & more stuff
in the same mvs) ... threatening to eliminate any address space for
running an application. recent reference
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#75 LPARs: More or Less?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#76 LPARs: More or Less?
eventually there was hack for 3033 that allowed attaching more than 16mbyte real storage ... which played games with the page table entry bits ... to map 16mbyte virtual addresses into greater than 16mbyte real addresses.
a single vm/4341 didn't quite beat 3033 ... but six (vm370) 4341s easily
did ... as well as being less expensive. a high-speed cluster of six
4341s could be placed in the datacenter ... but also had alternative to
be deployed out in distributed manner in places like dept. store rooms
or dept. conference rooms. misc. old email mentioning 43xx
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#43xx
research did do high-speed cluster with up to eight high-speed vm/4341s
using trotter (3088, eight "arm" channel-to-channel) ... that tried to
do some of the things that show up later in sysplex. however, when going
to release to customers ... they had to drop down to using SNA for
cluster operation protocol ... recent reference:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#60 LPARs: More or Less?
which was similar to issues that my wife ran into with communication
group when she was in POK in charge of loosely-coupled architecture
... misc. past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#shareddata
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: LPARs: More or Less? Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 16 Mar 2010 11:39:28 -0400Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
besides the enormous personal financial motivation to disregard risk being placed on institution & infrastructure ... there have been past articles that many of the individuals involved seem to have personality characteristic that deals differently with the concept of consequences.
recent study also looking at capacity for dealing with consequences and risk taking
Psychopaths' brains wired to seek rewards, no matter the consequences
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100314150924.htm
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: What was the historical price of a P/390? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main, alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 16 Mar 2010 12:34:23 -0400shmuel+ibm-main@PATRIOT.NET (Shmuel Metz , Seymour J.) writes:
half-duplex, synchronous convention ... significantly drives up the need for larger number of channels ... significant thruput loss because of the half-duplex latencies. for dasd ... the significant increase in 3880 channel busy (per operation) forced 3090 to significantly increase number of channels (to compensate for loss of thruput because of 3880 channel busy overhead) ... over what was originally planned (adding an extra TCM and increasing 3090 manufacturing cost). CKD and multi-track search paradigm also significantly increases channel busy (per operation) ... futher motivating much larger number of channels (and controllers) ... because of enormous channel resource consumption in long multi-track searches. some amount of the large number of channels has been motivated by legacy issues significantly degrading possible thruput per channel.
harrier/ssa, fcs and other infrastructures went to packetized, asynchronous full-duplex operation ... as latency become increasingly thruput bottleneck. each outstanding asynchronous packet effectively becomes its own channel .... operating at full media speed ... drastrically reducing the number of "actual" channels required.
for slightly other drift, comment about gulftown (and maybe $5/370mip?)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#71 Entry point for a Mainframe?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#72 Entry point for a Mainframe?
recent news items
Intel wants vintage x64 servers on rubbish heap
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/03/16/intel_westmere_ep_pitch/
Intel Brings 32nm Xeon 5600 Series To The Data Center
http://www.crn.com/white-box/223900043
native virtualization and large numbers in small footprint blades, assisting in server consolication.
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: history of RPG and other languages, was search engine history Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 16 Mar 2010 12:45:24 -0400Eric Chomko <pne.chomko@comcast.net> writes:
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: What was the historical price of a P/390? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main, alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 16 Mar 2010 16:03:29 -0400re:
there is this old IBM story about the copier3 ... that may have been included in business school case study/story. The copier3 went thru period when it had much higher rate of paper jams than other copiers. IBMs ad-agency came up with consumer tv adverisements that highlighted how much easier it was to clear paper jams on copier3 than competition. The ads backfired ... reminding people how much they hated paper jams. This is sometimes referred to as "featuring a bug".
the first time I did full-duplex asynchronous (modulo full-duplex networking, full-duplex terminals, etc) packetized channel programs was in 1980 for the IMS group in STL. STL was bringing in more & more groups ... and starting to burst at the seams. 300 people from the IMS group were selected to be moved to offsite bldg (about half way between STL and main plant site). They tested remote 3270s ... and apparently there would have been a revolt in the ranks (compared to their local 3270 vm/cms response in STL ... this is before vm/4341s started to be deployed in every nook & cranny).
So the alternative was HYPERchannel channel extention ... move all the local channel 327x controllers to offsite bldg (along with some tape controllers & misc. other controllers) ... and replace them with an HYPERchannel A220 directly on mainframe channel ... and install HYPERchannel A510s (channel emulators) at the offsite bldg.
I wrote a driver that would packetize the channel programs (sort of another kind of flavor of virtualized scanning channel programs and creating shadow "programs") and send them off for downloading into the memory of A510s. I programmed the A220 to simulate full-duplex ... with different dedicated subchannel addresses for outgoing and incoming traffic. A little topic drift ... svs/mvs excp0 had to scan & create "shadow" channel programs ... and started out by borrowing CCWTRANS routine (from cp67 virtual machine support).
The net was that remote users basically saw local channel vm/370 3270 response ... and side-effect was that the mainframe in STL got 10-15% higher thruput. In turns out that convential wisdom at the time had 3270 controllers spread across all channels shared with DASD. However, 3270 controllers had enormously high channel busy for operation. Replacing all the 3270 controllers on every channel shared with DASD ... with single A220 ... where the A220 circuitry was significantly faster and had much lower channel busy per operation (using packetized full-duplex paradigm). All the 3270 traffic could be streamed thru a single channel once converted to packetized full-duplex operation ... and fast enough circuitry to operate at full channel transfer speed. Getting the 3270 controller off channels shared with DASD allowed the disks thruput to increase ... increasing overall thruput by 10-15%.
The packetized full-duplex operation also masked a lot of the 30mile round-trip to the offsite bldg (transmission was 10miles from STL to bldg. 12 on main plant site and then 5miles back to off-site bldg ... for 15miles ... and then return for the 30miles roundtrip). (the half-duplex 3270 overhead being limited to multiple local A510 channel emulators at the offsite building).
recent posts mentioning doing the HYPERchannel thing for the STL IMS
group:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#72 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#71 LPARs: More or Less?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#72 LPARs: More or Less?
besides the half-duplex overhead paradigm ... limiting thruput ... and slow controllers ... significantly driving up channel busy (in the half-duplex paradigm) ... there is the whole search-id paradigm penalty ... left over from '60s CKD technology trade-off. to conserve scarce electronic memory, the controller refetched the search argument from processor memory on every id-compare ... this introduced severe latency constraints (as well as monopolizing a lot of memory bus, channel, controller, and device resources).
the CKD search latency constraint resulted in not being able to easily use the HYPERchannel strategy for remote device support. Eventually, NSC came out with the A515 which allowed including the search argument in the downloaded packetized channel program. However, for most of the mainstream, the whole CKD search constraints helped perpetuate the half-duplex and low latency requirements for channel deployments.
Trying to wean MVS off the CKD/search very expensive resource hog didn't meet with much success. I was told that even if I provided them with fully integrated and tested FBA support ... I still needed to show incremental revenue ROI to cover the claimed $26m for education, pubs and training (the claim being that customers would just buy the same amount of FBA as they had been buying CKD ... showing no new net revenue).
misc. past posts mentioning CKD & multi-track search
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#dasd
recent post mentioning the $26m number
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#0 PDS vs. PDSE
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@garlic.com (Lynn Wheeler) Date: 16 Mar, 2010 Subject: Should the USA Implement EMV? Blog: Payment Systems NetworkThere was a rather large pilot deployment in US nearly decade ago ... however it was in the yes card period ...and then it appeared to evaporate w/o a trace. There have been various comments about resistance because of deployment costs ...but there may also be the case that there is some concern about there would have to be the costs of several (multiple different) deployments. misc. past posts mention yes card
instead of Uncle Sam's card ... how about x9.59 financial industry retail payment standard.
Approx. same time as EMV was being defined ... and a totally different payment specification for the internet ... the x9a10 financial standard working group had been given the requirement to preserve the integrity of the financial infrastructure for ALL retail payments (credit, debit, ach, stored-value, high-value, low-value, point-of-sale, unattended, transit turnstile, internet, contact, contactless, wireless, aka ALL).
part of x9.59 standard was making payment infrastructure agnostic, form factor agnostic, and something called parameterised risk management ... that the same standard works independent of the number of authentication factors ... whether single-factor authentication or multi-factor authentication (and/or types of multi-factor authentication) could purely be based on value &/or risk for specific transaction.
this went along with something referred to as person-centric ... as an alternative to institutional centric ... aka a single person-centric token could be used in a large number of different ways ... with a wide variety of different valued transactions ... potentially requiring a variety of different authentication factors (single-factor, two-factor, more than two-factor, etc).
x9.59 financial standard reference
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#x959
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@garlic.com (Lynn Wheeler) Date: 16 Mar, 2010 Subject: Would you fight? Blog: Greater IBMfrom discussion here on "would you ever take a sabbatical"
from wandering discussion here from news item about "US begins inquiry
of IBM in mainframe market" ... part of comments archived here:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009o.html#57
includes mention of being periodically reminded that business ethics is an oxymoron.
In the past, I sponsored John Boyd's briefings at IBM ... lots of past
post mentioning Boyd
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html#boyd1
and various URLs from around the web mentioning Boyd and/or OODA-loops
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html#boyd2
Boyd would mention doing a stint in command.of."spook base" ... but it wasn't until one of his biographies that I saw reference which claimed "spook base" was a $2.5B windfall for IBM.
A reference to John:
"There are two career paths in front of you, and you have to choose
which path you will follow. One path leads to promotions, titles, and
positions of distinction.... The other path leads to doing things that
are truly significant for the Air Force, but the rewards will quite
often be a kick in the stomach because you may have to cross swords
with the party line on occasion. You can't go down both paths, you
have to choose. Do you want to be a man of distinction or do you want
to do things that really influence the shape of the Air Force? To be
or to do, that is the question." Colonel John R. Boyd, USAF 1927-1997
From the dedication of Boyd Hall, United States Air Force Weapons
School, Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. 17 September 1999
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 16 Mar 2010 17:36:50 -0400somewhat related post
above mentions being called in to consult on the 2000 census ... they
were replacing 20yr old Burroughs(?) ... and were looking at what was
going to be replacement. also mentioned in this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008d.html#63 was: 1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff
the commerce dept. should have some number of PIAs for the census.
this mentions a data management effort
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#13 What was the historical price of a P/390?
that had a dozen or so different consumer privacy organizations coming in every couple months for reviews.
when doing x9.99 financial industry standard ... we visited some number of fed. agencies and reviewed some number of fed. gov. PIAs ... including IRS ... but some number would have large amount of blacked-out areas (aka "redacted").
census related PIA info
http://www.census.gov/po/pia/pias/Print_2010_Abstract.pdf
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: history of RPG and other languages, was search engine history Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 16 Mar 2010 19:39:34 -0400despen writes:
they could have run the 1401 mpio on 360/30 in 1401 hardware emulation ... but i got paid to rewrite it in 360 assembler. i got to do my own storage management, device drivers, multi-tasking, console interface, interrupt handlers, etc. it ran to about 2000 cards and took about 30 minutes elapsed time to assemble.
i put in conditional assemble to use os/360 system services ... for a version that would run under os/360 ... instead of stand alone on bare metal. the os/360 version conditional assembly would expand five DCB (access methods) macros ... each DCB macro taking over five minutes to assemble ... the os/360 version took approx. an hour to assemble while the stand alone version only took about half hour.
recent post mentioning 1401 mpio:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010c.html#73 OT: PC clock failure--CMOS battery?
some amount of the unit record & tape channel programming shows up
in green card ... q&d conversion of a "ios3270" green card to html
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/gcard.html
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: history of RPG and other languages, was search engine history Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 16 Mar 2010 20:14:57 -0400Charles Richmond <frizzle@tx.rr.com> writes:
one day ... 360 cobol completed with some unknown (407) switch settings hadn't been seen and operators in datacenter didn't recognize ... all processing stopped while attempts were made to contact somebody that might know what was going on. after a couple hrs, nobody was found, it was decided to rerun the program and see if it came out the same.
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@garlic.com (Lynn Wheeler) Date: 16 Mar, 2010 Subject: Would you fight? Blog: Greater IBMre:
one of my hobbies during 70s and much of 80s ... was enhanced internal
system distribution (first csc/cp67 system, then csc/vm system and
later sjr/vm) ... one of my leading customers was HONE world-wide
sales&marketing support system. some number of past posts mentioning
HONE
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone
some old email moving code from cp67 to vm370 for csc/vm system (as
well as some of the stuff getting picked up for standard vm370 product
after demise of future system)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006v.html#email731212
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#email750102
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#email750430
recent post about branch people getting promoted into DP hdqtrs job
and discovering to their horror that company ran on vm (not mvs)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#57
One of the eventual ploys in the 80s was to raise the issue about where did HONE get its highly enhanced vm370 system ... that just would magically appear periodically. Then the question was where are the officially signed MOUs from executives in my management chain and what were the contingencies if i ever got hit by a bus.
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@garlic.com (Lynn Wheeler) Date: 16 Mar, 2010 Subject: Should the USA Implement EMV? Blog: Payment Systems Networkre:
it is easily possible for a person-centric token to go from single token that is capable of doing everything ... to being used by a person in any such combination that they personally prefer (it is one of the characteristics of person-centric).
however, there is issue of confusing authentication with authorization. for instance in a biometric scenario would there be four different thumbs for each of different environments.
from three factor authentication paradigm
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#3factor
1) something you have (token, magstripe) 2) something you know (pin, password, ec) 3) something you are (biometric, iris, thumb)
somewhat orthogonal to the above is the issue of shared-secrets
and/or "static data". "static data" (whether magstripe or
pin/password) there is vulnerability to replay attacks (this was
somewhat the yes card scenario ... skimming chip static data
... effectively technology identical to some used for magstripe
skimming ... to create counterfeit chip yes card ... very analogous
the way counterfeit magstripe is created)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#yescard
So in the past, kindergarten security had static data and
shared-secrets supposedly needed to be unique for every unique
security environment ... in part as countermeasure to cross-domain
attacks ... but also to limit the scope of trivial compromise
(eliminating the trivial compromises, replay attacks, static data,
repeated use evesdropping, etc ... significantly mitigates the
requirement to have unique authentication for every unique environment
... aka parameterised risk management). Lots of the multiple separate
recommendations are because of static, shared-secret and/or trivially
compromised authentication technologies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#secret
Another issue was lost/stolen card ... that having large number of cards would limit the scope of any specific lost/stolen card. However, common lost/stolen scenario involves wallet or purse ... which means all goes at the same time (common vulnerability). This is the traveler's check scenario that recommends not carrying the receipt with the checks.
So in the person-centric scenario ... if the individual decides that they want to use multiple different tokens in different domains, they can (it is orders of magnitude more difficult to go from institution centric, unique token per institution to person choice ... than it is to go from generalized, ubiquitous person choice to multiple tokens for specific environments).
We had been called in to consult with small client/server startup that wanted to do payment transactions on their servers ... they had also invented this technology they called "SSL" they wanted to use; the result is now frequently referred to as "electronic commerce"
Somewhat as a result, we were asked to participate in the x9a10
financial standard working group ... where there were detailed,
in-depth, end-to-end threat and vulnerability analysis for the
different environments. A major threat was leaking account number
and/or transaction detail. Part of x9.59 financial transaction
standard for all retail payments was slightly tweaking the environment
so that leaking of account number and transaction details no longer
could be used for fraudulent transactions (this addressed the majority
of payment vulnerabilities, skimming, breaches, etc).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#harvest
Now, the major use of SSL in the world today was this earlier work we
had done for electronic commerce that involves hiding the account
number and transaction details while being transmitted on the
internet. The x9.59 protocol eliminates such leakage as a
vulnerability and so also eliminates the major use of SSL in the world
today.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#x959
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@garlic.com (Lynn Wheeler) Date: 17 Mar, 2010 Subject: Should the USA Implement EMV? Blog: Payment Systems Networkre:
In the mid-90s, working on x9.59 standard (for ALL environments ... credit, debit, stored-value, POS, unattended, internet, low-value, high-value, etc) ... I would semi-facetiously comment about taking a $500 milspec part, aggressive cost reduction by 2-3 orders of magnitude, while making it more secure. The requirement was also be able to do dynamic data within the power limitation & elapsed time limitations of contactless transit turnstile. The technology approached that of EPC RFID (i.e. the chips designed to replace UPC on grocery items) ... while maintaining much higher integrity & security. Also got rid of nearly all post-fab processing ... which was also instrumental in doing person-centric
Basically chips are cost/wafer ... and the basic cost/chip is the number of chips obtained from wafer (one of the reasons for increasing wafer size from 8in to 12in). The EPC RFID (& aads chip strawman) temporarily hit a wall for a period when the area for cutting wafers into chips was larger than the aggregate chip area (i.e. increasingly smaller circuit sizes resulted in much smaller chips ... when the circuits per chip are held constant). EPC RFID developed new wafer cutting technology that significantly reduced wafer area lost to cuts ... for the next big bump in chips/wafer ... and the next big reduction in cost/chip (as well for aads chip strawman).
A straight institutional-centric cut-over from static data & pin/password paradigm to (dynamic data) token paradigm ... would result in everybody having a unique token for every current magstripe &/or pin/password they currently have (potentially hundreds). In the person-centric scenario this can be reduced by two orders of magnitude to one or a very few.
First, approx. three orders magnitude reduction in cost/chip ... and then two orders magnitude reduction in number of tokens (in transition to token-based authentication infrastructure) ... is approx. five orders of magnitude difference in widely deployed person-centric vis-a-vis a widely deployed institutional-centric.
X9.59 retail payment transaction standard works identically regardless the numbers and types of authentication ... allowing infrastructure to dynamically adjust authentication based on risk and/or value (somewhat analogous to whether lower value credit transactions require signature).
for aads chip strawman, 90s circuits, 90s wafers, and 90s slice&dice technologies ... limited aggressive cost reduction of $500 milspec part to only three orders of magnitude. This still met strong crypto dynamic data done within power limitations and elapsed time constraint of contactless transit turnstile.
there was various slight of hand that went on in the fab ... so the chip left the fab fully functional ... but was done in the way so the operations were merged into existing fab processes with zero additional cost.
the advantage was that chip required very little post-fab processing. the downside is normal evaluations are done on chips leaving the fab; this fully functional chip only got an EAL4+ evaluation primarily because all the function and crypto were included in the evaluation (many others get higher evaluation level leaving the fab on bare-bones silicon w/o any function included). The biggest limitation to going higher than EAL4+ was that the crypto was already fully functional and various parties were dithering over crypto evaluation criteria at higher than EAL4+
the technology progress in the last decade+ ... ever decreasing circuit sizes and power along with newer technologies for slicing&dicing wafers to drastically reduce lost area ... allows for possibly another two orders of magnitude reduction (i.e. fully functional highly secure chip at possibly 1/100000 the cost of the $500 milspec part). this is only a chip that works both with and without pin. To add on-chip biometric matching would somewhat drive up the circuit area reducing chips/wafer (and increasing cost/chip).
misc. past AADS references
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#aads
There was a rather large POS chip deployment in US nearly a decade ago .... a little before the yes card presentation at cartes2002 (as well as yes card presentation at ATM Integrity Task Force meeting) .... after that it seemed to evaporate w/o a trace.
there was also an internet oriented chip deployment in about the same time that came along with serial-port card reader. several yrs earlier the dialup online banking organizations had been making presentations about move to internet in large part motivated by enormous consumer support costs and problems related to aftermarket serial-port devices (which turns out to have also been major motivation for USB). That institutional knowledge regarding serial-port issues appeared to have evaporated in those few short years.
The combination created quite a bit of resistance in the industry to trying chips again any time soon (along with big pullback from other chip oriented efforts in progress or planned).
another one of the efforts pulled back from ... we weren't member of
nacha so got somebody else to submit RFI response ... copy here
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/nacharfi.htm
the nacha internet council web page has gone 404, but still lives on
at the wayback machine:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070706004855/http://internetcouncil.nacha.org/News/news.html
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@garlic.com (Lynn Wheeler) Date: 17 Mar, 2010 Subject: Should the USA Implement EMV? Blog: Payment Systems Networkre:
Issue with magneprint is similar to issue with biometrics ... a trusted end-point is required ... otherwise you have attackers skimming the value ... and replaying them on non-trusted end-points. trying to apply this to truely open environment (like arbitrary internet locations) then can be problem (aka while magneprint & biometric values are "fuzzy" ... they still can be skimmed/recorded and then replayed).
the topic of magneprint was raised in (70 years of ATM Innovation)
discussion in this group last dec2009 ... part of which I've archived
here
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009q.html#78
above references the early magstripe and ATM cash machine work done at the Los Gatos lab. ... also has part of email exchange with magneprint company from 2003.
There was a rather large POS chip deployment in US nearly a decade ago .... a little before the yes card presentation at cartes2002 (as well as yes card presentation at ATM Integrity Task Force meeting) .... after that it seemed to evaporate w/o a trace.
there was also an internet oriented chip deployment in about the same time that came along with serial-port card reader. several yrs earlier the dialup online banking organizations had been making presentations about move to internet in large part motivated by enormous consumer support costs and problems related to aftermarket serial-port devices (which turns out to have also been major motivation for USB). That institutional knowledge regarding serial-port issues appeared to have evaporated in those few short years.
The combination created quite a bit of resistance in the industry to trying chips again any time soon (along with big pullback from other chip oriented efforts in progress or planned).
one of the efforts pulled back from ... we weren't member of nacha so
got somebody else to submit RFI response ... copy here
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/nacharfi.htm
the nacha internet council web page has gone 404, but still lives on
at the wayback machine:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070706004855/http://internetcouncil.nacha.org/News/news.html
somewhat along the lines of magprint ... but applied to everything
Nanotechnology breakthrough by Imperial College will help the war
against terrorism
http://nanotechwire.com/news.asp?nid=2254
as referenced in the earlier post about trusted end-point ... their is a "trusted" reading (magprint, biometrics, ... or the above) ... which is recorded/stored. Then later a new "trusted" reading is done ... and compared against the saved value.
Straying from trusted end-points ... somebody may record the reading after it has been converted to electronic pattern (magprint, biometrics, any value) ... and then reply that recording from some random location (i.e. internet cafe ... not even attempting to perform an actual reading).
This is different attack from attacks that have replicated fingerprints with gummy bears ... sufficient to spoof a real finger at a trusted end-point
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: floating point, was history of RPG, Fortran Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Wed, 17 Mar 2010 15:06:17 -0400Eric Chomko <pne.chomko@comcast.net> writes:
a couple past posts mentioning fortran q
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#1 WATFOR's Silver Anniversary
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004m.html#6 a history question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006s.html#22 Why these original FORTRAN quirks?
during part of this period ... a lot of "language" products had been moved to STL lab ... and there was some amount of internal turmoil about STL starting to outsource a lot of work on "language" products ... especially what appeared to be "giving away" a lot of corporate optimization technologies.
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@garlic.com (Lynn Wheeler) Date: 18 Mar, 2010 Subject: Cyberattacks raise e-banking security fears Blog: Financial Crime Risk, Fraud and SecurityCyberattacks raise e-banking security fears
ttp://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9168458/Cyberattacks_raise_e_banking_security_fears&urlhash=paly&trk=news_discuss
from above:
Increasing cyberattacks against the online bank accounts of small and
midsize businesses have prompted growing calls for improved online
banking security
... snip ...
We were tangentially involved in the cal. state data breach notification legislation. We had been called in to help wordsmith some of the cal. electronic signature legislation and several of the parties were heavily involved in privacy issues. They had done in depth consumer studies of privacy issues and the no.1 was financial fraud "identity theft" ... in large part from data breaches which was getting little or no attention. The reasoning seemed to be that the publicity from the data breach notifications would motivate corrective actions.
We had earlier been brought in to consult with small client/server company that wanted to do payment transactions on their server and had invented this technology called SSL they wanted to use. The largest use of SSL in the world today is now this "electronic commerce" stuff for hiding account numbers and transaction details while be transmitted thru the internet (however does nothing for protecting "data at rest").
Somewhat as result of the "electronic commerce" work, in the mid-90s we got invited to participate in the x9a10 financial standard working group which had been given the requirement to preserve the integrity of the financial infrastructure for all retail payments. The result was the x9.59 financial transaction standard. One of the things that x9.59 standard did was slightly tweak the paradigm, eliminating the fraudulent transaction threat & vulnerability from leaking account numbers and transaction details ... which also eliminates the major current threat & vulnerability from data breaches ... as well as eliminates the need for SSL hiding account number and transaction details.
related discussion in Computer Security and Forensics, partially
archived here:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#6 Online Banking & Password Theft
There have been a number of metaphors to characterize the current situation/paradigm:
• security proportional to risk; in the current paradigm, the value of the information to the merchant is the profit on the transaction (possibly a couple dollars) and the value of the information to the processor can be a few cents per transaction ... while the value of the information to the crooks can be the credit limit and/or account balance (the crooks attacking the infrastructure may be able to outspend the merchant & processor defenders by a factor of one hundred times)
• dual-use vulnerability; in the current paradigm, the knowledge of the account number may be sufficient to perform a fraudulent transaction (effectively authentication, as such it needs to be kept confidential and never divulged anywhere) ... while at the same time the account number needs to be readily available for a large number of business processes. The conflicting requirements (never divulged and at the same time readily available) has led to comments that even if the planet was buried under miles of information hiding encryption, it still couldn't prevent information leakage.
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@garlic.com (Lynn Wheeler) Date: 18 Mar, 2010 Subject: Should the USA Implement EMV? Blog: Payment Systems Networkre:
somewhat in the spirit of parameterised risk management and "trusted endpoint", x9.59 financial standard has always allowed for the endpoint authenticaton to be optionally included in the x9.59 transaction (aka how much and what level of trust/assurance is required of the endpoint where the transaction originates).
this somewhat shows up in later 90s with the EU FINREAD standard (also
fell victim to retrenching from chips in the earlier part of this
century) which was a countermeasure to the enormous number of threats
and vulnerabilities that can involve a PC endpoint. Some of this
intertwines in recent ("Online Banking & Password Theft") discussion in
Computer Security and Forensic group ... some of which is archived
here:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#6
The issue was how did the issuing/approving entity know that trusted EU FINREAD endpoint was used ... or just something claiming to be a trusted EU FINREAD endpoint. A scenario was to included an AADS chip strawman in the manufacture of each EU FINREAD and have its authentication be included as part of every operation.
A more recent thread from today on the same subject is in this
("Cyberattacks raise e-bnanking security fears") discussion in the
Financial Crime Risk, Fraud and Security group ... some of which is
archived here:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#29
misc. past posts mentioning EU FINREAD
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#finread
careful design and choosing components carefully ... it is possible to effectively make the chip costs negligible (especially compared to fully loaded per card issuance ... if not done solely to replace current card with a chip card) ... including being able to do DDA within elapsed time&power constraints of transit turnstile.
as an aside, the us deployment in the early part of this century was extremely chip myopic. it seemed impossible to convey that the yes card exploit was a POS/infrastructure attack ... not a chip attack; aka the response to the explanation was to configure valid cards to go online more often.
The POS compromise to skim the data is effectively identical for magstripe and chip. The total criminal effort is essentially identical. The cost difference between counterfeit magstripe and counterfeit yes card is trivial (yes card chips don't require any special security characteristics) ... especially compared to the overall criminal effort and/or compared to the expected fraud return.
This really comes in to play when it is considered that countermeasure to counterfeit magstripe is to deactivate the account ... which doesn't work for counterfeit yes card. A counterfeit yes card also ignored being forced online as well as ignored any poison suicide pill sent down (aka the potential fraud for the yes card could go on long after the account has been deactivated).
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#yescard
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler) Subject: Re: Terse for PC Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main Date: 18 Mar 2010 14:14:17 -0700eamacneil@YAHOO.CA (Ted MacNEIL) writes:
some number of 1991 posts that mention applications/tools
that should be part of every toolkit (including TERSE)
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/browse.cgi?fn=TOOLKIT&ft=MEMO
1994 post goes into some discussion of data compression
APIs and TERSE mentioned here
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/browse.cgi?fn=ESAV2&ft=MEMO
... not on vmshare ... but earliest reference I have to using TERSE for package distributions on the internal network is 1985.
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: history of RPG and other languages, was search engine history Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 18 Mar 2010 18:00:19 -0400Peter Flass <Peter_Flass@Yahoo.com> writes:
... and recent thread in mainframe mailing list (x-posted here)
... including some comment whether latest gulftown would get over 1000
370mips and below $5/370mip
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#68 Entry point for a Mainframe?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#70 Entry point for a Mainframe?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#71 Entry point for a Mainframe?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#72 Entry point for a Mainframe?
since the above posts ... official product announcements
http://news.cnet.com/business-tech/?keyword=Core+i7-980X
http://news.cnet.com/8301-13924_3-10468754-64.html
overclocked to 4.3GHz
http://www.tomshardware.com/news/origin-pc-gulftown-intel-core-i7-980x,9888.html
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 18 Mar 2010 19:01:19 -0400scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) writes:
previous guess that commissions/bonuses/etc from that $27T might hit
15-20% aggregate or possibly $5T.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#74 LPARs: More or Less?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#15 LPARs: More or Less?
which would approx. correspond with statements that financial services
industry tripled (measured as percent of GDP) during the toxic CDO
frenzy years
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#10 search engine history, was Happy DEC-10 Day
there have been references ... that corporate america in general ...
the top executive compensation has exploded to nearly 400:1 that of
avg. worker ... after having been 20:1 for a long time and 10:1 in much
of the rest of the world. a couple recent posts mentioning the 400:1
compensation ratio
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#8 search engine history, was Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#39 Agile Workforce
also during the toxic CDO frenzy years, there were corporate executives
fiddling the financial reporting numbers to boost their compensation (in
spite of sarbanes-oxley) ... and then sometimes the numbers would later
be restated (w/o having to forfeit the bonuses). there have been number
of references to large drop off in prosecution by SEC during the toxic
CDO frenzy years ... and possibly as a result, it motivated the GAO to
start publishing their own reports about fraudulent financial reports
(even if they had no prosecution capability). The person that attempted
for a decade to try and get SEC to something about Madoff was recently
asked what would he do if he was made head of SEC ... basically said he would
start by firing everybody there ... recent reference:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#77 Madoff Whistleblower Book
of course, during much of this period, the head of GAO (comptroller general) was also rather outspoken about nobody in congress for past 50 yrs appears to know middle school math (based on fiscal responsibility)
a few past posts referencing the gao.gov URL reporting on fraudulent
financial filings.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#25 The recently revealed excesses of John Thain, the former CEO of Merrill Lynch, while the firm was receiving $25 Billion in TARP funds makes me sick
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#36 A great article was posted in another BI group: "To H*** with Business Intelligence: 40 Percent of Execs Trust Gut"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#48 The blame game is on : A blow to the Audit/Accounting Industry or a lesson learned ???
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#49 US disaster, debts and bad financial management
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#52 What has the Global Financial Crisis taught the Nations, it's Governments and Decision Makers, and how should they apply that knowledge to manage risks differently in the future?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#53 Credit & Risk Management ... go Simple ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#54 In your opinion, which facts caused the global crise situation?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#73 What can we learn from the meltdown?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#80 How to defeat new telemarketing tactic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#0 Audit II: Two more scary words: Sarbanes-Oxley
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#20 Decision Making or Instinctive Steering?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#29 How to defeat new telemarketing tactic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#0 PNC Financial to pay CEO $3 million stock bonus
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#3 Congress Set to Approve Pay Cap of $500,000
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#37 NEW SEC (Enforcement) MANUAL, A welcome addition
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#42 Bernard Madoff Is Jailed After Pleading Guilty -- are there more "Madoff's" out there?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#61 Quiz: Evaluate your level of Spreadsheet risk
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#62 Is Wall Street World's Largest Ponzi Scheme where Madoff is Just a Poster Child?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#63 Do bonuses foster unethical conduct?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#73 Should Glass-Steagall be reinstated?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#36 Architectural Diversity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#37 How do you see ethics playing a role in your organizations current or past?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#2 CEO pay sinks - Wall Street Journal/Hay Group survey results just released
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#29 What is the real basis for business mess we are facing today?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#51 On whom or what would you place the blame for the sub-prime crisis?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009g.html#7 Just posted third article about toxic assets in a series on the current financial crisis
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009g.html#33 Treating the Web As an Archive
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#17 REGULATOR ROLE IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT FINANCIAL SCANDALS
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009i.html#60 In the USA "financial regulator seeks power to curb excess speculation."
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009j.html#12 IBM identity manager goes big on role control
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009j.html#30 An Amazing Document On Madoff Said To Have Been Sent To SEC In 2005
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:18:20 -0400Peter Flass <Peter_Flass@Yahoo.com> writes:
I think you get that w/o bothering to take into consideration any
legislation that may have passed within the past two years. There was
some recent reference to some legislation expiring in 2002 that had
mandates about fiscal responsibility ... including unfunded mandates
... and things got really bad after that ... reference:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#60 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010c.html#9 Oldest Instruction Set still in daily use?
i.e. it seemed like after what he saw congress doing after the fiscal responsibility legislation expired in 2002 that he became really vocal (and nobody in congress seem to have any interest to maintain any sort of fiscal responsibility).
there was something about worst offender was medicare part-d that was a
$40 trillion unfunded mandate (passed in 2003 after the 2002 fiscal
responsibility legislation expired):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare_Part_D
60 minutes did a segment how it got passed ... something about one line
sentence added that exempted medicare part-d from competitive biddings
and GAO did updated report on the change ... and there was 12-18
congressman & staffers that somehow managed to keep the updated report
from being distributed until after the vote. supposedly something like
six months later ... all had resigned and were working for drug
companies in one way or another. recent reference
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010c.html#0
a few earlier posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#30 Health Care
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#7 what does xp do when system is copying
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#1 Translation of IBM Basic Assembler to C?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009m.html#46 August 7, 1944: today is the 65th Anniversary of the Birth of the Computer
old post on comptroller general report
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#61
above mentions dept per capita exceeds gdp by 2030 ... that appropriations burden (including unfunded mandates) per person nearly tripled between 2000 & 2005.
and
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008n.html#17
mentions in 2008 report that long-term deficit for medicare is nearly five times that of social security. ... also from 2008 GAO report
percent of federal budget
1966 1986 2006
defense 43 28 20
social security 15 20 21
medicare/medicaid 1 10 19
interest 7 14 9
all other 34 29 32
... snip ...
misc past posts mentioning comptroller general reports:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006f.html#41 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006f.html#44 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#9 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#14 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#27 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#2 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#3 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#4 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#17 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#19 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#33 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#61 Health Care
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#17 Health Care
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006r.html#0 Cray-1 Anniversary Event - September 21st
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006t.html#26 Universal constants
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#20 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#91 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#19 Another "migration" from the mainframe
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#74 Horrid thought about Politics, President Bush, and Democrats
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#22 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#7 what does xp do when system is copying
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#1 Translation of IBM Basic Assembler to C?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#13 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#14 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#15 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#24 Translation of IBM Basic Assembler to C?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#25 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#33 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#35 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#26 2007 Year in Review on Mainframes - Interesting
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#57 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008d.html#40 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008e.html#50 fraying infrastructure
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008f.html#86 Banks failing to manage IT risk - study
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008g.html#1 The Workplace War for Age and Talent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008h.html#3 America's Prophet of Fiscal Doom
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008h.html#26 The Return of Ada
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008i.html#98 dollar coins
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008n.html#8 Taxcuts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008n.html#9 Taxcuts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008n.html#17 Michigan industry
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#20 What is the real basis for business mess we are facing today?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009n.html#55 Hexadecimal Kid - articles from Computerworld wanted
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009p.html#86 Opinions on the 'Unix Haters' Handbook
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009p.html#87 IBM driving mainframe systems programmers into the ground
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010.html#36 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010.html#37 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#60 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010c.html#3 Oldest Instruction Set still in daily use?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010c.html#9 Oldest Instruction Set still in daily use?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010c.html#23 Happy DEC-10 Day
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2010 09:16:20 -0400jmfbahciv <jmfbahciv@aol> writes:
but medicare part-d numbers are still larger than the worst case predictions for any/all of the pending legislation.
it is hard to even figure out what is going on now ... there is some possibility that huge amount is obfuscation and misdirection to make sure that things like medicare part-d aren't touched.
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2010 10:01:02 -0400jmfbahciv <jmfbahciv@aol> writes:
it would be interesting if there could be a decade do-over ... go back undo GLBA and repeal of Glass-Steagall, undo commodities act that exempted regulating the enron and aig machinations, put back in the fudiciary responsibility legislation ... and see what kind of legislation is done when it has to meet some financial responsibility standards.
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2010 16:44:28 -0400Dave Garland <dave.garland@wizinfo.com> writes:
the TARP funds were originally appropriate to purchase toxic assets ... but apparently when they discovered that the total appropriated was barely a drop in the bucket for just the toxic assets carried offbook by the four largest too-big-to-fail institutions ... they had to come up with other mechanisms to use the money.
while that was going on ... to make the institutions to appear whole again, the Fed Reserve stepped in and started offering money at zero percent to financial institutions ... aka the member banks could borrow money from the Fed Reserve at zero percent and then loan it out at 4-6 percent ... or has been documented "gamble" with the money in the markets. It is possibly major reason that Goldman-Sachs got a bank charter ... so it could also get zero percent fed money (and by many reports; using for speculating in the market ... with it all going to the institutions bottom line).
Enough is this is going on that many institutions are able to report significant profits ... although there is still the issue with much of the toxic assets are still back there someplace waiting to be reckoned with. There seems to be a lot of audit rules are still being bent and broken ... possibly with the fear that if everything came to light, the whole precarious house of cards could still come tumbling down.
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: F.B.I. Faces New Setback in Computer Overhaul Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2010 16:54:39 -0400F.B.I. Faces New Setback in Computer Overhaul
besides FBI this seems to have also affected IRS, FAA, & others every few years.
misc. past reference to an article titled The Success of Failure; that
the big system integrators have discovered that they make significantly
more money (from the fed) off a series of failures than they ever make
off of having a success.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009o.html#25 Opinions on the 'Unix Haters' Handbook'
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009o.html#41 U.S. house decommissions its last mainframe, saves $730,000
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#19 STEM crisis
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#26 Happy DEC-10 Day
a few past refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005.html#37 [OT?] FBI Virtual Case File is even possible?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005.html#48 [OT?] FBI Virtual Case File is even possible?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005b.html#3 [OT?] FBI Virtual Case File is even possible?
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2010 17:35:21 -0400re:
and ...
Public, 2; Fed, 0
http://blogs.forbes.com/streettalk/2010/03/19/public-2-fed-0/?boxes=Homepagelighttop
from above:
The Fed argued against disclosing the information because it might harm
banks on the list. Discount window borrowing carries a stigma with it --
it is a sign that a bank can't even get other banks to lend to it and
has no other recourse to get overnight cash. After the collapse of
Lehman Brothers in September 2008, the inter-bank loan market froze and
discount window lending soared to over $100 billion a day, according to
Fed statistical releases.
... snip ...
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: F.B.I. Faces New Setback in Computer Overhaul Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sat, 20 Mar 2010 09:52:33 -0400jmfbahciv <jmfbahciv@aol> writes:
i think there is stereotype of less competent people smoozing their boss as part of keeping their jobs. there have been numerous references to congress being the most corrupt institution on the planet ... it is frequently referred to as lobbying when applied to congress.
past references to economists discussing that one of the single
improvements to the enormous corruption is going to flat rate tax
... because that would eliminate the enormous amount of lobbying related
to special tax provisions (and humorous observatoin that ireland has
lobbied against US not going to flat rate tax ... because the current
tax code is one of the things claimed for US companies setting up in
Ireland).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008m.html#49 Taxes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008m.html#87 Fraud due to stupid failure to test for negative
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#53 Are the "brightest minds in finance" finally onto something?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#20 China's yuan 'set to usurp US dollar' as world's reserve currency
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009i.html#13 64 Cores -- IBM is showing a prototype already
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009p.html#31 Opinions on the 'Unix Haters' Handbook
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009q.html#77 Now is time for banks to replace core system according to Accenture
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#49 search engine history, was Happy DEC-10 Day
so the scenario is the current tax code is just another graft & corruption scam for the benefit of congress ... even tho it also costs something like 2-3% of GDP in lost productivity (overhead dealing with the tax code ... separate from establishing the environment for the enormous graft & courruption). That enormous complexity and overhead has also created a whole "tax preparation" industry ... that also heavily contributes to congress ... opposing any flat rate tax.
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@garlic.com (Lynn Wheeler) Date: 18 Mar, 2010 Subject: Should the USA Implement EMV? Blog: Payment Systems Networkre:
The AADS chip strawman infrastructure allows for arbitrary something you know and something you are (biometrics). Biometrics has a lot of stuff for fuzzy matching (fuzzy matching thresh holds, false positives and false negatives, etc). I used repeated (fuzzy) reading as countermeasure to static replay ... can't remember now for sure whether the lawyers included claims on repeated fuzzy matching in the AADS patent portfolio (we are now long departed and have no involvement, even AADS patents being filed long after we are gone).
However, there are potential issues with attackers fiddling the recording replay sufficient to pass the identical matching. It all has interplay with the level of trust in the end-point (i.e. compromised end-point, counterfeit end-point, or maybe a parasite network connection).
AADS references:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#aads
AADS patent portfolio reference:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadssummary.htm
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: the very slow 1130, was history of RPG and other languages Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sat, 20 Mar 2010 11:12:41 -0400Walter Bushell <proto@panix.com> writes:
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: F.B.I. Faces New Setback in Computer Overhaul Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 21 Mar 2010 08:32:47 -0400Charles Richmond <frizzle@tx.rr.com> writes:
long ago and far away, somebody observed that programming productivity tends to be highly skewed ... and managers tend to spend the majority of their time on the bottom producers (that have the most problems) ... when they should be spending their time facilitating the top ten percent ... which can frequently double the productivity of the group.
the other observation is that many successful executives spend all their time "managing" their career ... frequently totally orthogaonal to their corporate duties ... a variation on previously mentioned "smoozing".
then there is the boyd corollary:
"There are two career paths in front of you, and you have to choose
which path you will follow. One path leads to promotions, titles, and
positions of distinction.... The other path leads to doing things that
are truly significant for the Air Force, but the rewards will quite
often be a kick in the stomach because you may have to cross swords
with the party line on occasion. You can't go down both paths, you
have to choose. Do you want to be a man of distinction or do you want
to do things that really influence the shape of the Air Force? To be
or to do, that is the question." Colonel John R. Boyd, USAF 1927-1997
From the dedication of Boyd Hall, United States Air Force Weapons
School, Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. 17 September 1999
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@garlic.com (Lynn Wheeler) Date: 21 Mar, 2010 Subject: Can't PIN be mandated in normal POS machines ? to avoid Losses / Frauds / NPA's ? Blog: Payment Systems NetworkThere was article a couple years ago about signature-debit being 15 times that of PIN-debit. It is also somewhat a variation on the old walmart/merchant class-action suit.
Study: Signature Debit Fraud Runs 15 Times Higher Than on PIN Debit
http://www.digitaltransactions.net/newsstory.cfm?newsid=738
other related articles:
http://www.pirg.org/consumer/banks/debit/debitcards1.htm
http://www.digitaltransactions.net/newsstory.cfm?newsid=768
possibly motivations leading up to the walmart/merchant class-action suit ... the signature debit would run thru the credit card networks with higher interchange fees ... while PIN-debit would run thru debit-networks with lower interchange fees (both who earned the fees as well as how much fees were being taken).
There is the "march" of time/technology ... the default assumption is that two-factor authentication is more secure than single-factor authentication ... as long as the different factors have independent threats&vulnerabilities. In theory, PINs are countermeasure to loss/stolen card.
The counter examples are:
1) counterfeit yes card scenario ... only required the card/chip data to be skimmed ... since POS terminal would ask the chip if the correct pin was entered ... a counterfeit yes card would always reply YES ... regardless of value entered
2) the enormous proliferation in unique shared-secret something you know authentication ... saturates human ability to remember huge numbers of different values. one study has claimed that 1/3rd of debit cards had the PIN written on them
3) more advanced counterfeit and compromised end-points/terminals ... skim both the card data and the PIN data simultaneously ... invalidating the assumption that the different authentication factors have independent threats/vulnerabilities.
another countermeasure in the lost/stolen card scenario was that the person would notice that it was lost/stolen and report it ... then the account would be deactivated. The downside of skimming threat is that the card owner doesn't immediately recognize that it has happened ... and therefor relying on reporting for account deactivation is much less dependable.
the yes card exploit managed to defeat the account deactivation countermeasure. a skimmed yes card would not only always answer "YES" to whether the correct PIN had been entered ... but also answer "YES" to offline transactions ... allowing yes card fraud to continue long after the account had been deactivated.
The yes card doesn't directly work with lost/stolen card ... but the thief could purposefully use the lost/stolen card with a counterfeit/compromised terminal ... and then use the skimmed data to create a counterfeit yes card.
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: not even sort of about The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 21 Mar 2010 09:12:16 -0400jmfbahciv <jmfbahciv@aol> writes:
references to baby boomer generation being four times as large as
previous generation ... the huge mismatch contributed to the significant
retirement benefits ... easily being able to tax the baby boomers to pay
for the retirement benefits of the previous generation ... this inverts
when the generation following baby boomers is only half as large ... the
baby boomer bubble moving into retirement goes from 4:1 to 1:2 ... or a
change in the ratio by factor of eight.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003k.html#61 The Incredible Shrinking Legacy Workforces
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#7 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#7 what does xp do when system is copying
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#14 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#16 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#21 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#23 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#27 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#28 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#29 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#30 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#31 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#35 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#38 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#50 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#41 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#42 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#32 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#63 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#67 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#68 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#0 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#1 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#2 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#13 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#14 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#15 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#17 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#18 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#25 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#31 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#33 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#34 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#35 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#38 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#41 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#43 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#46 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#50 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#51 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#52 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#53 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#25 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#26 2007 Year in Review on Mainframes - Interesting
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#72 whats the world going to do when all the baby boomers retire
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#3 on-demand computing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008c.html#16 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008c.html#69 Toyota Beats GM in Global Production
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008f.html#99 The Workplace War for Age and Talent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008g.html#1 The Workplace War for Age and Talent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008g.html#50 CA ESD files Options
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008h.html#3 America's Prophet of Fiscal Doom
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008h.html#11 The Return of Ada
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008h.html#26 The Return of Ada
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008h.html#57 our Barb: WWII
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008i.html#56 The Price Of Oil --- going beyong US$130 a barrel
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008i.html#98 dollar coins
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008j.html#80 dollar coins
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008k.html#5 Republican accomplishments and Hoover
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008l.html#37 dollar coins
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008m.html#3 Medical care
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008n.html#13 Michigan industry
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008n.html#20 Michigan industry
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008n.html#29 Blinkylights
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008o.html#8 The end of the baby boomers, US bonds maturing, and then what?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008o.html#58 Everyone is getting same deal out of life: babyboomers can't retire but they get SS benefits intact
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009m.html#61 August 7, 1944: today is the 65th Anniversary of the Birth of the Computer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009m.html#64 August 7, 1944: today is the 65th Anniversary of the Birth of the Computer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009m.html#72 August 7, 1944: today is the 65th Anniversary of the Birth of the Computer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009o.html#37 Young Developers Get Old Mainframers' Jobs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009o.html#72 I would like to understand the professional job market in US. Is it shrinking?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010.html#37 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010.html#38 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#19 STEM crisis
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#24 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#56 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#59 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#18 search engine history, was Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#46 search engine history, was Happy DEC-10 Day
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: not even sort of about The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 21 Mar 2010 12:47:22 -0400Dave Garland <dave.garland@wizinfo.com> writes:
60 minutes on how medicare part-d in 2003 ... included the effect of one sentence late addition (something like within week of vote) to the bill which exempted part-d from competitive bidding ... the should a whole raft of identical drugs priced under part-d and identical drug price for VA ... which allows competitive bidding. VA was paying 1/3rd what part-d was paying for identical drugs (because of competitive bidding being allowed) ... which amounts to enormous profits to the drug industry (and in aggregate, GAO reports as $40TRILLION unfunded mandate ... dwarfing everying else)
60 minutes show highlighted the 12-18 members & staffers that managed to sideline the GAO revised cost estimate of the one-sentence change (until after the vote) ... and who within very short time after the vote had all resigned and were employed by the drug industry.
this may have been what really triggered the comptroller general to become really vocal about congressional fiscal responsibility (although recent book interview was that it all seem to really start by some fical responsibility legislation that had expired in 2002)
of course going on at the same time was the whole enron/anderson stuff and the sarbanes-oxley bill ... which relied on SEC to enforce ... and didn't appear to be doing anything ... then appeared to motivate GAO starting to audit and release reports on public company financial reports that were fraudulent (and theoretically should have been prosecuted by SEC ... and at least under sarbanes-oxley would be sending the executives to prison).
I had been invited to conference of EU executives (financial institutions, stock markets, large corporations) which was talking about the enormous cost of SOX audits that was starting to apply to EU corporations. My position was that SOX audits didn't appear to actually change the effectiveness of audits to catch/prevent purposeful fraud (it would primarily catch sloppy work and/or mistakes). That seemed to somewhat correspond with what GAO reports started publishing.
then there is this more recent item:
Two Madoff computer admins indicted
http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9173138/Two_Madoff_computer_admins_indicted
Two Madoff computer admins indicted
http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/041010-java-founder-james-gosling-leaves.html
and
Lehman autopsy throws Ernst & Young into spotlight
http://www.marketwatch.com/story/lehman-autopsy-throws-ernst-young-into-spotlight-2010-03-12
Lehman, Ernst & Young and accounting
http://insider.accountancyage.com/2010/03/lehman-ernst-yo.html
Will Ernst & Young Survive The Lehman Fiasco?
http://www.businessinsider.com/will-ernst-and-young-survive-the-lehman-fiasco-2010-3
Ernst & Young faces legal action over Lehman collapse
http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article7059469.ece
Lehman Fraudulently Cooked Its Books, Accounting Giant Ernst & Young
Helped, Geithner and Bernanke Winked and Slapped Them on the Back
http://www.prisonplanet.com/lehman-fraudulently-cooked-its-books-accounting-giant-ernst-young-helped-geithner-and-bernanke-winked-and-slapped-them-on-the-back.html
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Nonlinear systems and nonlocal supercomputing Newsgroups: comp.arch Date: Sun, 21 Mar 2010 13:17:23 -0400Del Cecchi <delcecchi@gmail.com> writes:
old email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#medusa
old post about jan92 moving into commercial also
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13
a few weeks before being told it was transferred and couldn't work on anything with more than four processors.
old email, hrs before the hammer fell (may had already happened,
we just hadn't been told yet)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#email920129
discussing the national lab scenario (I had to skip a LLNL meeting because of other commitments ... but some of the people at the meeting dropped by afterwards to bring me up to date).
then the press item shortly after the hammer fell (17feb92)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters1
and another press item later that summer (we were both gone within a few
weeks):
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters2
the kingston engineering & scientific had been doing molecular simulation with numerous Floating Point Systems boxes tied to 3090 with vector facility.
In 1980, I had done some HYPERchannel work to allow overflow in the
Santa Teresa lab. (300 people from IMS group) to be moved to offsite
bldg ... but getting local interactive performance using HYPERchannel as
mainframe channel extension. Then basically did the same installation
for large IMS field support group in boulder. recent reference
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#17
The person that I worked with for the Boulder installation then moved to
Kingston to manage the IBM Kingston E&S operation. I worked with him there
to do high-speed HYPERchannel satellite link between IBM Kingston E&S lab
and the west coast. This was somewhat totally unrelated to the
operation that was supposedly designing their own numerical intensive
supercomputer and also providing funding for Steve Chen's effort.
recent post with a little more of the gory details:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#71 Happy DEC-10 Day
The above tended to have some LLNL ties, in part because early backing for FCS was standards moving to fiber-optics ... something that LLNL had installed in serial-copper form.
The SCI stuff was with Gustavson out of SLAC.
Later one of the sparc-10 engineers was at another chip-shop and designing a fast/inexpensive SCI subset ... and tried to interest me into taking over the SUN SPRING/DOE operating system effort and adapting it to a large distributed SCI infrastructure. This was about the time SUN was shutting down the SPRING/DOE effort and transferring everybody over to Java group.
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Nonlinear systems and nonlocal supercomputing Newsgroups: comp.arch Date: Sun, 21 Mar 2010 17:12:57 -0400"Del Cecchi" <delcecchi@gmail.com> writes:
by the time of SCIL ... we were gone from IBM ... and was only intermediately involved with SCI (couldn't do a whole lot of self-funding on standards committees).
long ago and far away, baum was hired into pok to be in charge of (mainframe) tightly-coupled shared-memory multiprocessor architecture ... at the same time my wife was con'ed into moving from the JES group in G'burg to POK to be in charge of (mainframe) loosely-coupled (aka cluster) architecture .... and for a time, both reported to the same manager. mainframe shared-memory for long time required much stronger memory consistency ... than provided in NUMA.
during her stint in POK, there was almost exclusive focus on
tightly-coupled ... and she didn't stay very long there. Her
loosely-coupled architecture (Peer-Coupled Shared Data) saw very little
(mainframe) uptake, except for IMS hot-standby ... until sysplex.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#shareddata
much later, Steve Chen was CTO at sequent and they were doing NUMA-Q
(SCI) and we did some consulting for Steve. later IBM buys sequent. a
few recent references:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#68 Entry point for a Mainframe?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#70 Entry point for a Mainframe?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#7 What was the historical price of a P/390?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#13 What was the historical price of a P/390?
there is a similar joke about the internal network. there was somebody from corporate hdqtrs in armonk who had participated in SNA investigation on what would be required to implement a world-wide distributed network ... that came up with enormous amounts of PY ... in part because SNA is so fundamentally opposite to real distributed network. It turns out the majority internal network was done by a single person ... but it used a totally different approach that made world-wide distributed network a relatively trivial result. In anycase, the armonk expert stated that the internal network could not exist because the corporation had never provided funding for such an enormous PY for networking.
totally unrelated recent reference to dual counter-rotating rings from
long ago and far away:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#69 search engine history, was Happy DEC-10 Day
aka 1mbit/sec LAN being done for replacing copper wiring harness bundles in autos.
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Nonlinear systems and nonlocal supercomputing Newsgroups: comp.arch Date: Sun, 21 Mar 2010 17:41:04 -0400re:
in fact, one of the reason for doing (rios) cluster scale-up ... was at the time, there was no cache consistency support to allow doing anything at all with SCI (the only scale-up was cluster). the engineering manager that we reported to (when starting cluster scale-up) ... had only recently moved over to head up the new somerset organization (motorola, ibm, apple, etc) ... which would do a single-chip 801/risc and eventually produce something that had any kind of cache-consistency primitives for any kind of shared memory operations. but by the time any kind of cache consistency support existed, we were long gone.
he does later show up as president of mips for a stint ... and we do some stuff.
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking Newsgroups: comp.os.linux.advocacy, comp.os.linux.hardware, comp.arch Date: Mon, 22 Mar 2010 09:38:53 -0400Mike Jr <n00spam@comcast.net> writes:
and this old email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#medusa
before it was transferred and positioned as numerical intensive only.
recent thread in c.a.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#47 Nonlinear systems and nonlocal supercomputing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#48 Nonlinear systems and nonlocal supercomputing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#49 Nonlinear systems and nonlocal supercomputing
as mentioned in the above thread ... the reason for doing message passing was the rios chip set didn't support cache consistency for shared memory (aka "scale" past one). the engineering manager that we reported to (when starting the project), had only relatively recently moved to be head of somerset (joint motorola, ibm, apple, etc) that would do single chip 801/risc and eventually support for cache consistency and shared memory. as mentioned in the above thread, had also been doing some stuff with SCI (which was numa shared memory) ... but until had a chip with cache consistency semantics ... there wasn't much to do.
in any case, within hrs of this email ... the hammer fell, the effort
transferred, we were told we couldn't work on anything with more than
four processors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#email920129
it was then announced as product for numerical intensive only ... some
past press ... one from 17feb92
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters1
and another from later that summer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#6000clusters2
and we were gone within weeks of the above (got paid to leave and not
come back ... extra enducement was structured as sabbatical w/some
benefits to retirement). recent mention getting letter on the
last day claiming was promoted the following day ... this was after a
decade of being told that there were no promotions in my future
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009r.html#6 Have you ever though about taking a sabbatical?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#20 Would you fight?
the SCI NUMA (multi-core) flavor from the 90s was multiple (2-4, single-core) chips on the same board with shared L2 ... that were then interconnected with SCI. sequent and data general both did four intel processor boards with SCI & convex did a two hp risc processor boards (with SCI).
note that some of same the people involved in transferring the project
and telling us that we couldn't work on anything with than four
processors ... had also been involved in blocking our bidding on NSFNET
RFP; a couple recent references (i.e. director of NSF even wrote letter
to company execs ... but that just aggravated the internal politics)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#64 LPARs: More or Less?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#80 Entry point for a Mainframe?
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Mon, 22 Mar 2010 10:51:19 -0400Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
MIT's Johnson Says Too-Big-to-Fail Banks Will Spark New Crisis
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=agtzzM.WMObI
from above:
It was October 2009, and the man who helped make megabanks possible was
sounding more like Teddy Roosevelt than the Maestro as he entertained
what he called a radical solution.
... snip ...
this was repeal of Glass-Steagall in glba and various other actions a decade ago. the recent actions taken to try and prevent much worse problems seem to have gone in the opposite direction.
every so often there is an industry publication that compares the avg financials for the largest national institutions with the avg financials of the largest regional institutions. the funny thing was a decade ago ... this showed that the regional institutions were more profitable than the national institutions ... aka one of the justifications for enabling too-big-to-fail was improved efficiency and competition ... it appeared that just the reverse was true ... as they got that big, they appeared to get bloated and less efficient.
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking Newsgroups: comp.arch Date: Mon, 22 Mar 2010 11:30:08 -0400jgd writes:
at '91 asilomar acm sigops conference, i had a running argument with jim
about whether commodity chips could be used for both high availability
and cluster scale-up (he was still at dec at the time ... so there
possibly was some bias for vax/clusters). later he went to work for
redmond and had to be up on the stage with the ceo for their
cluster announcement.
https://web.archive.org/web/20081115000000*/http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gray/
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: F.B.I. Faces New Setback in Computer Overhaul Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Mon, 22 Mar 2010 12:29:32 -0400Charles Richmond <frizzle@tx.rr.com> writes:
i somewhat biased for boyd since I knew him and sponsored his briefings
at ibm. misc. boyd references:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html
the quote also reminds me that it was about the period first getting
involved with boyd, that I was getting told that I had managed to
alienate so many corporate political forces that there wasn't going to
be a career, awards, promotions, etc. some recent references to bringing
down the wrath of the favorite son operating system organization:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#38 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#100 "The Naked Mainframe" (Forbes Security Article)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010c.html#28 Processes' memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#45 What was old is new again (water chilled)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#59 LPARs: More or Less?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#30 SHAREWARE at Its Finest
recent reference to getting letter on my last day that i had been
promoted effectively the following day (after decade or more of being
told there would never be a promotion)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#20 Would you fight?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#50 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Mon, 22 Mar 2010 15:15:46 -0400Seebs <usenet-nospam@seebs.net> writes:
a major scenario was unrequlated non-depository loan originators making
loans w/o regard to buyers qualifications or loan quality, packaging
them as toxic CDOs, paying the rating agencies for triple-A ratings
(when both knew that they weren't worth triple-A rating) and then
selling them off. The unregulated investment banking arms of
too-big-to-fail institutions were buying up much these toxic CDOs
(using institutions funds) and carrying them off-book. There were
enormous individual commissions & bonuses at various points along the
processes ... which appeared to swamp any consideration they might have
had for their institutions, the economy, and/or the country (total
transactions in these toxic assets during the period was reported at
$27T ... with potentially $5T going to commissions, bonuses, etc).
Evil Wall Street Exports Boomed With 'Fools' Born to Buy Debt
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2008-10-27/evil-wall-street-exports-boomed-with-fools-born-to-buy-debt
Just the top four too-big-to-fail institutions are reported to have had $5.2T of the toxic assets being carried off-book. W/o the unregulated investment banking arms making the purchases (and any attempt by the regulated institution directly making such purchases would have been prevented by regulations), there would have been drastically reduced purchases of toxic assets ... which would have drastically reduced the funds available to unrequlated non-depository loan originators for making loans ... and the magnitude of the mess would have been significantly smaller. Futhermore, the too-big-to-fail institutions wouldn't have the enormous amount of toxic assets being carried off-book (sufficient to take down the institutions, if they have been required to directly bring them back onto the books).
recent posts touching on the subject:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010.html#37 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010.html#61 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#82 Oldest Instruction Set still in daily use?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010c.html#48 Happy DEC-10 Day
and from some past posts:
People to Blame for the Financial Crisis; Phil Gramm
http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1877351_1877350_1877330,00.html
from above:
He played a leading role in writing and pushing through Congress the 1999
repeal of the Depression-era Glass-Steagall Act, which separated
commercial banks from Wall Street. He also inserted a key provision into
the 2000 Commodity Futures Modernization Act that exempted
over-the-counter derivatives like credit-default swaps from regulation
by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Credit-default swaps took
down AIG, which has cost the U.S. $150 billion thus far.
... snip ...
the past stories are that GLBA passed the senate with (republican)
majority ... but not veto proof (and the folklore was the president was
prepared to veto it) ... then after some interchange with the house ...
there were various amendments added that finally resulted in it passing
senate 90-8 (making any veto pointless). a few past references:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#38 People to Blame for the Financial Crisis
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#94 Oldest Instruction Set still in daily use?
business school article that estimated 1000 executives are responsible
for 80% of the current mess and it would go a long way to fixing the
problem if the gov could figure out how they could loose their jobs:
http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1933 (gone 404 and/or requires registration)
In the session that repealed Glass-Steagall, the financial industry contributed $250M to Congress, and in the session that passed TARP, they contributed $2B. More recent was comment that financial industry contributed a total of $5B during the period.
Gramm and the 'Enron Loophole'
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/17/business/17grammside.html
from above:
Enron was a major contributor to Mr. Gramm's political campaigns, and
Mr. Gramm's wife, Wendy, served on the Enron board, which she joined
after stepping down as chairwoman of the Commodity Futures Trading
Commission.
... snip ...
Phil Gramm's Enron Favor
https://web.archive.org/web/20080711114839/http://www.villagevoice.com/2002-01-15/news/phil-gramm-s-enron-favor/
from above:
A few days after she got the ball rolling on the exemption, Wendy
Gramm resigned from the commission. Enron soon appointed her to its
board of directors, where she served on the audit committee, which
oversees the inner financial workings of the corporation. For this,
the company paid her between $915,000 and $1.85 million in stocks and
dividends, as much as $50,000 in annual salary, and $176,000 in
attendance fees,
... snip ...
Greenspan Slept as Off-Books Debt Escaped Scrutiny
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601109&refer=home&sid=aYJZOB_gZi0I
from above:
That same year Greenspan, Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin and SEC
Chairman Arthur Levitt opposed an attempt by Brooksley Born, head of
the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, to study regulating
over-the-counter derivatives. In 2000, Congress passed a law keeping
them unregulated.
... snip ...
Born must have been fairly quickly replaced by Gramm's wife before she then left to join Enron.
past posts referencing generating bunch of HTML from the scanned
transcripts of the Pecora hearings (which were involved in passing of
Glass-Steagall) ... and drawing some correspondence between current
activities and things brought out in the Pecora hearings (when I was
originally asked to do the work, there was some expectation that
congress had some appetite to launch a similar activity ... but later
word was that the lobbying was way too intense):
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#58 OCR scans of old documents
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#59 As bonuses...why breed greed, when others are in dire need?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#62 Is Wall Street World's Largest Ponzi Scheme where Madoff is Just a Poster Child?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#73 Should Glass-Steagall be reinstated?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#77 Who first mentioned Credit Crunch?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#8 The background reasons of Credit Crunch
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#23 Should FDIC or the Federal Reserve Bank have the authority to shut down and take over non-bank financial institutions like AIG?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#40 Architectural Diversity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#56 What's your personal confidence level concerning financial market recovery?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#65 Just posted third article about toxic assets in a series on the current financial crisis
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009g.html#5 Do the current Banking Results in the US hide a grim truth?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009g.html#33 Treating the Web As an Archive
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#22 China's yuan 'set to usurp US dollar' as world's reserve currency
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#25 The Paradox of Economic Recovery
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#29 Analysing risk, especially credit risk in Banks, which was a major reason for the current crisis
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009i.html#40 64 Cores -- IBM is showing a prototype already
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009i.html#57 In the USA "financial regulator seeks power to curb excess speculation."
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009j.html#35 what is mortgage-backed securities?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009o.html#23 Opinions on the 'Unix Haters' Handbook'
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009p.html#2 Opinions on the 'Unix Haters' Handbook
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009p.html#20 U.K. lags in information security management practices
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009p.html#25 Opinions on the 'Unix Haters' Handbook
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009r.html#53 70 Years of ATM Innovation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009r.html#73 70 Years of ATM Innovation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#6 Bookshelves under BookMangler
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking Newsgroups: comp.os.linux.advocacy, comp.os.linux.hardware, comp.arch Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2010 09:38:31 -0400Mike Jr <n00spam@comcast.net> writes:
I've posted before in the (very early) 90s about periodically going by somers and dropping in on various people (somers was staff/executives) and having long discussion about what needed to be done ... and they were able to very clearly articulate the issues ... and then going back a month or so later and nothing had happened. another possible explanation we had was that several was striving to delay change until after their retirement (since they were earning a large premium based on decades of experience with the status quo). Some of the people had corner offices on the top floor that had magnificent views of the area.
in the same time-frame, one of the big three had C4 task force to look at what they had to do to remake themselves and make them more competitive (especially those coming in from the other side of the pacific). they were looking at heavily leveraging technology to totally remake themselves and invited in various technology vendors to participate. One of the scenarios that they highlighted was 7-8 yr product cycle from idea to rolling off the line. The competition had cut the product cycle to 3-4yrs and looked to be cutting it in half again, allowing the competition to be significantly more agile and adaptable responding to changing consumer tastes and market conditions ... as well as be much more quickly adopt new technologies. I would chide some of the mainframe brethren that they were suffering from similar operations and so how could they expect to provide any advice.
Another example was that different parts of the auto industry was on different development/cycles ... and changes in industry was resulting in designs that had much tighter tolerances. Examples were finished design ... still took so long, that there were instances that several components had changed and no longer fit in the original design ... requiring expensive redesign/rework and delay.
So we roll forward 20yrs ... and although the problems and solutions were well articulated and understood ... nearly all the stakeholders were entrenched in the status quo ... that they were unable to change and adapt.
a few past posts mentioning C4 task force:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009i.html#3 IBM interprets Lean development's Kaizen with new MCIF product
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009i.html#31 Why are z/OS people reluctant to use z/OS UNIX?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#14 360 programs on a z/10
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#47 z9 / z10 instruction speed(s)
I had also sponsored Boyd's briefings at IBM ... and major theme that
runs thru his OODA-loops are being agile and quickly adapt to changing
conditions and competition. Desert storm also happened in that era and
one of the magizines had an article on Boyd titled "the fight to change
how america fights" ... and the crop of majors & cols. as Boyd's "jedi
knights". he has been credited with the strategy & tactics for desert
storm ... there are references about major issue/problem in the current
conflict was that Boyd had died during the interim. misc. past posts &
references from around the web references Boyd and/or OODA-loops
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html
A reference to John:
"There are two career paths in front of you, and you have to choose
which path you will follow. One path leads to promotions, titles, and
positions of distinction.... The other path leads to doing things that
are truly significant for the Air Force, but the rewards will quite
often be a kick in the stomach because you may have to cross swords with
the party line on occasion. You can't go down both paths, you have to
choose. Do you want to be a man of distinction or do you want to do
things that really influence the shape of the Air Force? To be or to
do, that is the question." Colonel John R. Boyd, USAF 1927-1997
From the dedication of Boyd Hall, United States Air Force Weapons
School, Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. 17 September 1999
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking Newsgroups: comp.os.linux.advocacy, comp.os.linux.hardware, comp.arch Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2010 11:38:43 -0400Penang <kalambong@gmail.com> writes:
so we got better deal than other people that were turfed even a few months later.
now two of the people also referred to in this jan92 meeting
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13
later depart and show up at a small client/server startup responsible
for something called "commerce server". we get brought in as consultants
because they want to do payment transactions on their server. part of
that effort included deploying something called a payment gateway ...
some past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#gateway
the small client/server startup had also invented something they called "SSL" they wanted to use ... we had to map the "SSL" stuff to payment transactions as well as doing security and business walkthrus of various pieces of the infrastructure ... including some of these new things calling themselve Certification Authorities. At one point I'm in front of class room full of recent graduate young employees (all worth many times more than we are) trying to instruct about how to use TCP/IP in secure & business critical dataprocessing.
older long-winded post mention some of the thread between
loosely-coupled, sysplex, clusters, supercomputers and
electronic commerce
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001i.html#52
in the mid-90s, somewhat because of having done this stuff frequently
now called "electronic commerce" ... we get brought into the x9a10
financial standard working group that had been given the requirement to
preserve the integrity of the financial infrastructure. part of the
effort involved doing detailed, end-to-end, threat and vulnerability
studies of a number of retail payment environments (including internet).
we attempted to address majority of all threats in the x9.59 financial
transaction standard ... some past references
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#x959
also since having done a lot of dbms & scale-up work in the past ... we get brought in to commerce dept ... to do some consulting on new generation of stuff for the 2000 census (they were replacing dataprocessing that had gone in for the 1980 census)
then, somewhat as a result of x9.59 financial standard work, late in the last century, we get brought into NSCC (since merged with DTC for DTCC) to look at doing something similar for exchanges and trading systems. However, part way into the effort, it was suspended because a side effect of security & integrity was significantly improved visibility and transparency ... which apparently is totally antithetical to trading culture.
Now, in congressional hearings last year into the Madoff ponzi scheme ... the person that had been trying for a decade to get the SEC to do something about Madoff ... testified that while new regulations are required .... that significantly more important is changing how things operate to make them much more visible and transparent (he had started trying to get SEC to do something about Madoff about the same time we had been brought into NSCC).
misc. posts mentioning madoff stuff:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#65 What can agencies such as the SEC do to insure us that something like Madoff's Ponzi scheme will never happen again?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#73 What can we learn from the meltdown?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#80 How to defeat new telemarketing tactic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#0 Audit II: Two more scary words: Sarbanes-Oxley
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#20 Decision Making or Instinctive Steering?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#29 How to defeat new telemarketing tactic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#39 'WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE GLOBAL MELTDOWN'
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#51 How to defeat new telemarketing tactic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#0 PNC Financial to pay CEO $3 million stock bonus
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#3 Congress Set to Approve Pay Cap of $500,000
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#37 NEW SEC (Enforcement) MANUAL, A welcome addition
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#42 Bernard Madoff Is Jailed After Pleading Guilty -- are there more "Madoff's" out there?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#61 Quiz: Evaluate your level of Spreadsheet risk
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#62 Is Wall Street World's Largest Ponzi Scheme where Madoff is Just a Poster Child?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#63 Do bonuses foster unethical conduct?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#73 Should Glass-Steagall be reinstated?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#75 Whistleblowing and reporting fraud
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#0 What is swap in the financial market?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#15 The background reasons of Credit Crunch
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#36 Architectural Diversity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#37 How do you see ethics playing a role in your organizations current or past?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#40 Architectural Diversity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#53 Are the "brightest minds in finance" finally onto something?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#2 CEO pay sinks - Wall Street Journal/Hay Group survey results just released
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#29 What is the real basis for business mess we are facing today?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#31 What is the real basis for business mess we are facing today?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#43 On whom or what would you place the blame for the sub-prime crisis?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#45 Artificial Intelligence to tackle rogue traders
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#47 TARP Disbursements Through April 10th
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#49 Is the current downturn cyclic or systemic?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#51 On whom or what would you place the blame for the sub-prime crisis?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#65 Just posted third article about toxic assets in a series on the current financial crisis
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#67 Just posted third article about toxic assets in a series on the current financial crisis
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009g.html#1 Future of Financial Mathematics?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009g.html#5 Do the current Banking Results in the US hide a grim truth?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009g.html#29 Transparency and Visibility
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009g.html#33 Treating the Web As an Archive
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#17 REGULATOR ROLE IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT FINANCIAL SCANDALS
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009i.html#23 Why are z/OS people reluctant to use z/OS UNIX? (Are settlements a good argument for overnight batch COBOL ?)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009i.html#54 64 Cores -- IBM is showing a prototype already
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009i.html#60 In the USA "financial regulator seeks power to curb excess speculation."
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009j.html#12 IBM identity manager goes big on role control
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009j.html#30 An Amazing Document On Madoff Said To Have Been Sent To SEC In 2005
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009m.html#89 Audits V: Why did this happen to us ;-(
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009o.html#71 "Rat Your Boss" or "Rats to Riches," the New SEC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009p.html#51 Opinions on the 'Unix Haters' Handbook
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009p.html#57 MasPar compiler and simulator
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009r.html#47 70 Years of ATM Innovation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009s.html#45 Audits VII: the future of the Audit is in your hands
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#8 search engine history, was Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#77 Madoff Whistleblower Book
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#33 The 2010 Census
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking Newsgroups: comp.os.linux.advocacy, comp.os.linux.hardware, comp.arch Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2010 11:57:16 -0400Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
oh ... one of the people with top floor corner office had been given
responsibility for SAA ... which has been characterized as attempting
to stall client/server and preserve the communication groups terminal
emulation paradigm ... some past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#emulation
as we had earlier came up with 3-tier networking architecture and was
out making customer executives pitches ... and taking lots of barbs
from communication group (and token-ring forces)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#3tier
we thot it only appropriate to periodically drop in and hassle him about how long did he think they can keep their finger in the dike.
--
42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking Newsgroups: comp.arch Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2010 14:05:49 -0400"Del Cecchi" <delcecchi@gmail.com> writes:
'92 was the year it went into the red. earlier in the mid-80s there was
a lot of new plant capacity being built ... to handle the projected
(mostly mainframe related) doubling in sales (and profits) that was
suppose to happen by the early 90s. I had earlier done some simple
calculations that computing hardware was becoming increasingly
commoditized and it would put severe strain on the corporation's cost
structure & profit margin unless something significant was done. this is
sort of logical extension of major motivation behind future system
effort ... reference here:
https://www.ecole.org/en/session/49-the-rise-and-fall-of-ibm
https://www.ecole.org/en/session/49-the-rise-and-fall-of-ibm
from above:
IBM tried to react by launching a major project called the 'Future
System' (FS) in the early 1970's. The idea was to get so far ahead that
the competition would never be able to keep up, and to have such a high
level of integration that it would be impossible for competitors to
follow a compatible niche strategy. However, the project failed because
the objectives were too ambitious for the available technology. Many of
the ideas that were developed were nevertheless adapted for later
generations. Once IBM had acknowledged this failure, it launched its
'box strategy', which called for competitiveness with all the different
types of compatible sub-systems. But this proved to be difficult because
of IBM's cost structure and its R&D spending, and the strategy only
resulted in a partial narrowing of the price gap between IBM and its
rivals.
... snip ...
misc. other past posts mentioning future system
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys
in any case, in executive interview when i departed ... there was comment that they could have forgiven me for being wrong, but they were never going to forgive me for being right.
later in '93 a friend who worked in armonk, told the story that the nearly 500 some executives in the corporate executive bonus plan spent a lot of the last half of '92 shifting expenses from '93 into '92. The issue was that '92 was already in the red ... so driving it further into the red didn't make any difference ... but supposedly as a result, '93 showed slight improvment over '92. the claim was then that the way the executive bonus plan worked was bonus calculated on improvement over the prior year ... and the '93 comparison to '92 (no matter how bad it was in absolute terms) resulted in bonuses that were more than twice as large as any previous bonus (they actually made out better with the company go into the red).
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: More calumny: "Secret Service Uses 1980s Mainframe" Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main, alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2010 20:55:10 -0400Morten Reistad <first@last.name> writes:
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#37 More calumny: "Secret Service Uses 1980s Mainframe"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#59 More calumny: "Secret Service Uses 1980s Mainframe"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#63 More calumny: "Secret Service Uses 1980s Mainframe"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#1 More calumny: "Secret Service Uses 1980s Mainframe"
MLS?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilevel_security
reference from above:
http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mac_mls
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking Newsgroups: comp.os.linux.advocacy, comp.os.linux.hardware, comp.arch Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2010 22:29:42 -0400Mike Jr <n00spam@comcast.net> writes:
space command uniform patch somebody brought back from space city
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/spcommand.jpg
from this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006r.html#48 cold war again
earl ... no relationship ... at one point he was funding internal tools
and i tried to get some money ... but never happened. just became
another hobby in my spare time ... recent posting of some old email
related to tools
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#email861031
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#email861223
in these posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#32 Need tool to zap core
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#38 Need tool to zap core
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking Newsgroups: comp.os.linux.advocacy, comp.os.linux.hardware, comp.arch Date: Wed, 24 Mar 2010 11:12:07 -0400Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
for other connection between supercomputers & electronic commerce,
we were doing ha/cmp and cluster scale-up at los gatos lab.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp
even tho reported to austin. actually i had offices and labs in the los gatos lab during all of the 80s ... even when reporting elsewhere ... including temporary period when moved to austin before coming back Los Gatos to do the ha/cmp & cluster scale-up.
a couple recent posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#7 "Unhackable" Infineon Chip Physically Cracked - PCWorld
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#21 Credit card data security: Who's responsible?
mentioning magstripe standard was managed out of the los gatos lab for much of its early life as well as ATM cash machine being done out of los gatos lab.
wiki references
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_stripe_card
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_3624
above even references one of my old postings.
some of the cluster scale-up required knowing something about dbms. this
reference
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13
involved doing some slight of hand with transaction logging and
distributed (DBMS) caches ... which is not all that different problem to
some of processor cache consistency scale-up
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#41 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#61 LPARs: More or Less?
recent post referencing IBM Kingston E&S having 20 FPS boxes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#72 Happey DEC-10 Day
but the above post also references Jim earlier palming off various DBMS work on me when he left for Tandem.
other posts referencing intersection of Jim's work for formalizing
semantics of transactions and effect on financial dataprocessing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#41 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#61 LPARs: More or Less?
more recent reference to Jim in this thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#52 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
... and past reference to celebration for jim held at berkeley
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008i.html#32 A Tribute to Jim Gray: Sometimes Nice Guys Do Finish First
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008i.html#36 A Tribute to Jim Gray: Sometimes Nice Guys Do Finish First
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008i.html#50 Microsoft versus Digital Equipment Corporation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008i.html#51 Microsoft versus Digital Equipment Corporation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008p.html#27 Father Of Financial Dataprocessing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#66 Architectural Diversity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009m.html#78 ATMs by the Numbers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009o.html#51 8 ways the American information worker remains a Luddite
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009r.html#4 70 Years of ATM Innovation
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Wed, 24 Mar 2010 11:56:55 -0400Patrick Scheible <kkt@zipcon.net> writes:
however, a recent reference to FIRE (lobby) "owning" the senate:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010c.html#23 Happy DEC-10 Day
by head of the congressional oversight panel investigating TARP.
some past posts referencing $250m during session passing GLBA and total
of $5B in the past decade of the economic mess
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008n.html#99 Blinkylights
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008o.html#12 The human plague
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008o.html#18 Once the dust settles, do you think Milton Friedman's economic theories will be laid to rest
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008o.html#19 What's your view of current global financial / economical situation?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008o.html#28 Does anyone get the idea that those responsible for containing this finanical crisis are doing too much?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008o.html#44 The human plague
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008o.html#83 Chip-and-pin card reader supply-chain subversion 'has netted millions from British shoppers'
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008p.html#8 Global Melt Down
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008p.html#9 Do you believe a global financial regulation is possible?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008q.html#66 Blinkenlights
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008r.html#64 Is This a Different Kind of Financial Crisis?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008s.html#9 Blind-sided, again. Why?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008s.html#20 Five great technological revolutions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008s.html#23 Garbage in, garbage out trampled by Moore's law
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008s.html#35 Is American capitalism and greed to blame for our financial troubles in the US?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008s.html#55 Is this the story behind the crunchy credit stuff?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009.html#58 HONEY I LOVE YOU, but please cut the cards
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#54 In your opinion, which facts caused the global crise situation?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#60 OCR scans of old documents
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#80 How to defeat new telemarketing tactic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#73 Should Glass-Steagall be reinstated?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#74 Why is everyone talking about AIG bonuses of millions and keeping their mouth shut on billions sent to foreign banks?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#23 Should FDIC or the Federal Reserve Bank have the authority to shut down and take over non-bank financial institutions like AIG?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#35 Architectural Diversity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#59 Tesco to open 30 "bank branches" this year
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#79 Are the "brightest minds in finance" finally onto something?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#29 What is the real basis for business mess we are facing today?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009f.html#51 On whom or what would you place the blame for the sub-prime crisis?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009g.html#7 Just posted third article about toxic assets in a series on the current financial crisis
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009i.html#44 64 Cores -- IBM is showing a prototype already
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009i.html#54 64 Cores -- IBM is showing a prototype already
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009j.html#36 Average Comp This Year At Top Firm Estimated At $700,000
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009r.html#5 The 50th Anniversary of the Legendary IBM 1401
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#54 The 2010 Census
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking Newsgroups: comp.os.linux.advocacy, comp.os.linux.hardware, comp.arch Date: Wed, 24 Mar 2010 13:15:39 -0400re:
oh, and a facebook profile picture in space forces cap
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/billcap2.jpg
Boyd would periodically make comments about having done a stint in 1970 running "spook base" ... but it wasn't until a recent Boyd biography mentioned that "spook base" was a $2.5BILLION windfall for IBM
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking Newsgroups: comp.arch Date: Wed, 24 Mar 2010 14:37:18 -0400re:
the big build-out of new manufacturing capacity in the mid-80s (massive bldg. 50 on the san jose plant site one example) based on their predictions that sales would double by the early 90s ... was just one of the indications how far out-of-touch the executives had gotten with what was going on in the dataprocessing industry.
old post show a decade of vax sales sliced and diced by year, model,
us/non-us, etc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#0 Computers in Science Fiction
43xx machines were selling into same mid-range market in the same time
frame and saw similar big explosion in sales ... although the 43xx
machines also had very big corporate orderes that were multiple hundreds
at a time (not seen by vax). however by mid-80s, the mid-range was
starting to be overrun by workstations and large PCs and the 43xx
follow-ons (in the mid-80s) didn't see the continued large increase in
sales. misc. old 43xx email references
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#43xx
old '79 email referencing AFDS deciding to increase 43xx order from 20
to 210
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#email790404b
in this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#15 departmental servers
it also had impact internally in early 80s ... vm/4341s were being installed in every nook&cranny ... including conference rooms ... contributing to making conference rooms a scarce resource at some locations.
the internal network had been larger than the arpanet/internet from
just about the beginning until sometime late 85 or possibly early
86. in '83, the internet saw a big boost with move off of arpanet
w/IMPs to internetworking protocol. The internal network saw a big
boost in '83 with the large number of 43xx machines ... past post with
some of the '83 internal network install notices ... along with list
of cities around the world that had one or more new internal network
machines added during 1983:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#8 Arpa address
misc. past internal network posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler) Subject: Re: Mainframe Executive article on the death of tape Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main Date: 24 Mar 2010 12:35:07 -0700rfochtman@YNC.NET (Rick Fochtman) writes:
I coined the terms disaster survivability and geographic
survivability (to differentiate from disaster/recovery) ... was also
asked to write a section for the corporate continuous availability
strategy document (but the section got pulled because both rochester and
POK complained that they couldn't meet the objectives ... at least back
then).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#available
one of the datacenters we looked at was in a large downtown skyscraper ... and the claim was that the datacenter earned more profit in 24hr period than the annual rent on the whole bldg plus the annual salaries of everybody that worked in the bldg.
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: asymmetric multiprocessing Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Wed, 24 Mar 2010 16:25:54 -0400Jonathan de Boyne Pollard <J.deBoynePollard-newsgroups@NTLWorld.COM> writes:
with vax/vms mar88 announcement getting around to supporting symmetric
multiprocessing ... some old email in the above post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#email880324
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#email880329
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Wed, 24 Mar 2010 18:08:49 -0400Jim Stewart <jstewart@jkmicro.com> writes:
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: But... that's *impossible* Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 25 Mar 2010 05:54:15 -0400bbreynolds <bbreynolds@aol.com> writes:
turns out it was by somebody associated with the System/88. They told stories that even after the enormous amount of money the corporation paid to logo/sell System/88 ... that a large majority of the pending sales would have sales person go in and take over the sale by offering a "real" box at lower price ... resulting in very few actual 88 boxes being installed (there supposedly were constaint corporate complaints about the practice with little result).
one of the issues we had in selling ha/cmp against the box was that they
still required downtime for software maintenance ... an annual software
downtime could burn a century of outage in a five nines environment.
their initial response was doing ha/redundant boxes ... which was
redundant ... since a big part of ha/cmp was masking hardware failures
and doing system-level take-over ... it would be redundant to have to do
it with fault-tolerant hardware.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp
this goes back to jim's paper that hardware outages were becoming
increasingly rare by the early 80s ... and other kinds of outages were
starting to dominate. past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009.html#39 repeat after me: RAID != backup
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009.html#47 repeat after me: RAID != backup
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009.html#65 The 25 Most Dangerous Programming Errors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009p.html#0 big iron mainframe vs. x86 servers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009q.html#26 Check out Computer glitch to cause flight delays across U.S. - MarketWatch
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009q.html#28 Check out Computer glitch to cause flight delays across U.S. - MarketWatch
mentioning Jim's paper
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/grayft84.pdf
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 25 Mar 2010 06:23:17 -0400Patrick Scheible <kkt@zipcon.net> writes:
the reference made me think of the boeing lobby was totally dwarfed by
the oil lobby (lot of which is from houston) ... and even the oil lobby
was outspent by the financial lobby ... recent reference to having spent
$250m (evenly divided between the two parties in congress) in the
session that passed GLBA ... and $2B in the session that passed TARP
(supposedly $5B total in the period of the financial mess). previous
reference in this thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#54 The 2010 Census
Also along with TARP has some houses acquiring regulated banking charter
... and the too-big-to-fail institutions getting zero percent loans from
the Federal Reserve. I think in the past that the purpose of Federal
Reserve loans were to facilitate the regulated banks being able to turn
around and make commercial and consumer loans. However, there have been
several articles that the loans are being used to make institional
investments. a few past posts in this thread mentioning TARP
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#37 The 2010 Census
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#51 The 2010 Census
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#62 The 2010 Census
Imagine that you can get $1T at zero percent interest and turn around and buy $1T in US treasuries paying 5percent. That is $50B ... which then can be declared as corporate profit, used to pay off TARP and also provide for $10B in bonuses (besides paying commissions for whoever is handling the sale). It would turn the whole US financial infrastructure on its head if the Federal Reserve was allowed to loan trillions of dollars to the US treasury directly at zero percent interest.
Possibly one of the issues in the news about the bonuses ... are the
references to wall street bonuses spiked 400 percent during the period
that they were cycling the transactions for the $27T in toxic CDOs thru
the system (causing the current financial mess) ... and they want to
continue to maintain the bonuses at that level. some recent references:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#11 search engine history, was Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#19 search engine history, was Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#26 search engine history, was Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#33 The 2010 Census
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking Newsgroups: comp.os.linux.advocacy, comp.os.linux.hardware, comp.arch Date: Thu, 25 Mar 2010 10:49:13 -0400Mike Jr <n00spam@comcast.net> writes:
note marine warfighting was rewritten based on boyd and his OODA-loops
... and his writings, library and other stuff went to quantico after he
died ... and it was the marines that were at arlington.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Boyd_%28military_strategist%29
a little Boyd x-over with '92 incident going into the red and
what were the executives thinking:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#58 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#64 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
one of the stories he told in his briefings was about air force missile and the people doing it, who didn't have good appreciation for the nuances of dogfights (even tho in their demos the missile hits the flares on drones every time). roll forward to vietnam and the missile is performing like he predicted ... until finally the general in vietnam grounds all fighters until they are refitted with sidewinders. it lasts 3 months until the higher ups in the pentagon (notice the numbers? and) have him replaced and called on the carpet. the generals in the pentagon are focused on service budget share. using sidewinders means winning more dogfights, loosing fewer planes and pilots, needing fewer replacements and reducing budget requirements. however, he had commuted the worst possible sin by using sidewinders and (also) increasing navy budget share (there was some reference to the air force academy turning out accountants).
news item from today ...
GM Cars to Get F-16 Fighter Jet Display Technology
http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20100325/sc_livescience/gmcarstogetf16fighterjetdisplaytechnology
Boyd was responsible for F16 (forces behind the F15 tried to get him convicted of stealing tens of millions in gov. property ... i.e. the supercomputer time he was using for the F16 design) ... but he objected to the early HUD in F16 ... a lot of scrolling digital numbers ... which he claimed were pure distraction in hostile engagement (converting scrolling digital numbers to meaning was incompatible tempo with what would be going on).
Above also has some x-over with the previous C4 taskforce reference.
misc. past posts mentioning either the air force missile story and/or
attempts to have him thrown in Leavenworth for the rest of his life (for
doing f16)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#120 atomic History
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007h.html#75 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#6 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008c.html#43 Current Officers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008c.html#52 Current Officers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009.html#83 F111 related discussion x-over from Facebook
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009q.html#38 The 50th Anniversary of the Legendary IBM 1401
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009q.html#62 Did anybody ever build a Simon?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010.html#94 Daylight Savings Time again
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#76 Senior Java Developer vs. MVS Systems Programmer (warning: Conley rant)
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@garlic.com (Lynn Wheeler) Date: 25 Mar, 2010 Subject: Law Enforcement Appliance Subverts SSL Blog: Financial Crime Risk, Fraud and SecurityLaw Enforcement Appliance Subverts SSL
from above:
... security researcher Chris Soghoian discovered that a small company
was marketing internet spying boxes to the feds. The boxes were
designed to intercept those communications -- without breaking the
encryption -- by using forged security certificates,
... snip ...
financial crypto blog discussion:
Why the browsers must change their old SSL security (?) model
http://financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/001232.html
this is recent computer architecture blog (posting) discussing
connection between supercomputing and electronic commerce:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#56
i.e. two of the people mentioned in the jan92 cluster scale-up meeting
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13
leave and show up at small client/server startup responsible for something for something called "commerce server". We are brought in as consultants because they want to do payments transactions on the server; the startup had also invented this technology they called "SSL" that they wanted to use. As part of mapping "SSL" to payment operations (now frequently called "electronic commerce"), required threat & vulnerability studies ... which included lots of assumptions about how SSL had to be deployed and used.
As mentioned in the financial cryptography blog ... majority of exploits over the period since then ... have long been known.
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler) Subject: Re: Subpools - specifically 241 Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main Date: 25 Mar 2010 11:25:05 -0700eamacneil@YAHOO.CA (Ted MacNEIL) writes:
In the very early days of VM370/CMS ... there was a whole lot of smoke and churn between PCO & CMS ... PCO group constantly claiming that PCO thruput was much, much better than CMS ... this frequently tied up the (small) CMS development into knots for extended period of time ... doing benchmarks showing CMS numbers for comparable activity (when they should have been doing development).
So it eventually comes out that the PCO numbers were being generated by somebody that had written a PCO "model" ... and when PCO was actually operational ... it turned out that the model was predicting something nearly ten times faster than actual measured numbers.
misc. past posts mentioning PCO &/or VS/PC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000.html#1 Computer of the century
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001f.html#49 any 70's era supercomputers that ran as slow as today's supercompu
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001i.html#30 IBM OS Timeline?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#51 Why did OSI fail compared with TCP-IP?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002q.html#26 LISTSERV Discussion List For USS Questions?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003k.html#0 VSPC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004.html#4 TSS/370 source archive now available
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005p.html#38 storage key question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005q.html#19 HASP/ASP JES/JES2/JES3
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#8 vmshare
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking Newsgroups: comp.arch Date: Fri, 26 Mar 2010 09:13:42 -0400Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
finger slip ... email790404b (not email740404b)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#email790404b
same email also posted in multics n.g. (since afds was big multics
shop)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#email790404
in
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#12 Multics Nostalgia
some from ctss had gone to the 5th flr of 545 tech sq for multics and
others had gone to the science center on the 4th flr and did virtual
machines & cp40 ... on a 360/40 modified with virtual memory
hardware. when standard product with virtual memory became available,
cp40 morphed into cp67 (for the 360/67). later cp67 morphed into vm370.
misc. past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@garlic.com (Lynn Wheeler) Date: 26 Mar, 2010 Subject: Is Security a Curse for the Cloud Computing Industry? Blog: Financial Crime Risk, Fraud and Securitycp40 was virtual machine online timesharing system started in 1965 (on special modified 360/40 with virtual memory hardware). It morphed into cp67 when standard product with virtual memory became available (cp/67). At least two companies spun off from the effort for commercial online timesharing service bureaus in the late 60s. Both of them moved up the value stream offering specialized financial information for the financial & wallstreet community (major issue was direct financial competitors had their information secure running on same hardware) . Some past posts
references to others using same system in that timeframe (although i
didn't find out about these guys until much later):
https://web.archive.org/web/20090117083033/http://www.nsa.gov/research/selinux/list-archive/0409/8362.shtml
There was increasing use of the systems in the 70s ... with cp67 morphing into vm370 ... both inhouse timesharing and service bureau timesharing. One such company was Tymshare.
Precursor to current cloud (public & private) was GRID (starting out
mostly private ... although starting some shared use having to handle
things like cross-domain staring authentication) ... reference to
annual GRID conference
http://www.ggf.org/ggf_events_past_11.htm
... I happen to give a presentation on strong authentication at above:
http://forge.ggf.org/sf/go/doc12899;jsessionid=E86ACAF7A29F2E1FC2575AD0CD04E39E?nav=1
similar to presentation that I had given at assurance session in TCP
track at IDF
https://web.archive.org/web/20011109072807/http://www.intel94.com/idf/spr2001/sessiondescription.asp?id=stp%2bs13
The early days leading up to things like GRID is discussed in this
long-winded thread in computer architecture discussion (including
discussing connections between supercomputing and electronic
commerce).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#50
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#52
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#55
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#56
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#57
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#58
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#60
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#61
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#63
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#64
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#70
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#73
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@garlic.com (Lynn Wheeler) Date: 26 Mar, 2010 Subject: Is Security a Curse for the Cloud Computing Industry? Blog: Financial Crime Risk, Fraud and Securityre:
early one that did both in-house time-sharing and external commercial
service bureau was Boeing Computer Services. Although still
undergraduate, I was brought into Boeing the summer of '69 to help
with setting up BCS ... bringing internal dataprocessing into a
separate entity ... some of it was establishing the facade of changing
dataprocessing from purely expense to a kind of P&L center (even if a
lot of funny money was involved). They gave me some sort of badge that
let me use the special parking lot at Boeing field corporate hdqtrs. a
couple recent posts discussing the period
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010c.html#89
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010c.html#90
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010c.html#91
At the univ. I had done a lot of innovation on traditional dataprocessing systems as well as inventing all sort of new stuff for time-sharing. In any case, BCS started using CP67 (and later vm370) for both inhouse operations as well as offering external online time-sharing service
much of current security mechanisms are based on shared-secrets and/or other kinds of static data for authentication. majority of the major exploits in the news involve skimming, evesdropping, and/or breaches ... with the crooks being able to use the information for fraudulent financial transactions.
internet transmission specific security processes frequently involve SSL ... which had some specific requirements as to deployment and use as countermeasure to many of the exploits that have occurred in the period since original introduction.
One of the things worked after the early stuff with SSL and what is
now frequently called "electronic commerce" was authentication
mechanisms that were countermeasure to the skimming, evesdropping and
breach based exploits. One was in the x9a10 financial transaction
working group which had been given the requirement to preserve the
integrity of the financial infrastructure for ALL retail
payments. The resulting x9.59 financial standard slightly tweaked the
paradigm so that the current skimming, evesedropping and breach
threats & vulnerabilities would result in fraudulent financial
transactions. reference to x9.59 financial standard
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#x959
now the major use of SSL in the world today is this earlier work we did for "electronic commerce" to hide the account number and transactions details. one of the side-effects of x9.59 standard was eliminating the need to hide that information (as countermeasure to crooks using the information for fraudulent transactions) and therefor eliminates the primary use of SSL in the world today.
In the IDF TCPA track talk, because the guy running TPM was in the front row, I quip that is nice to see TPM has gotten simpler and KISS and starting to look more like AADS chip strawman. He quips back that I didn't have a committee of 200 people helping me with the chip design (... note however, there were constantly people that wanted to do this or that fiddling when they really didn't understand what they were doing).
now in the mid-90s, the x9a10 financial standard working group had to do detailed, end-to-end threat & vulnerability studies of all the environments as part of meeting the requirements (ALL retail payments; credit, debit, stored-value, POS, unattended, internet, low-value, high-value, transit turnstile, etc). part of that was some characterization of the existing environment
• dual-use vulnerability; in the current paradigm, the knowledge of the account number may be sufficient to perform a fraudulent transaction (effectively authentication, as such it needs to be kept confidential and never divulged anywhere) ... while at the same time the account number needs to be readily available for a large number of business processes. The opposing/conflicting requirements (never divulged and at the same time readily available) has led to comments that even if the planet was buried under miles of information hiding encryption, it still couldn't prevent information leakage.
• security proportional to risk; in the current paradigm, the value of the information (for business process) to the merchant is the profit on the transaction (possibly a couple dollars) and the value of the information (for business processes) to the processor can be a few cents per transaction ... while the value of the information (for authentication) to the crooks can be the credit limit and/or account balance, as a result, the crooks may be able to outspend by 100 times (attacking the infrastructure) the merchants/processors (defending the infrastructure).
x9.59 tweaked the paradigm and eliminated the dual-nature conflict ... and therefor eliminated the fraudulent financial transaction motivation for crooks to perform skimming, evesdropping, harvesting and/or breach exploits.
another metaphor
• naked transaction; basically the bubble boy analogy ... transactions are trivially infected (aka skimming/breaches/etc easily resulting in crooks performing fraudulent financial transactions) ... the dual-use characteristics requiring transactions being kept in absolutely sterile environment at all times (to prevent infection/fraud). Applying this uniformly would imply that even POS has to be kept absolutely sterile (aka only clerks and customers that have passed in-depth FBI background checks are allowed near a POS terminal or an ATM cash machine).
misc. past references to naked transaction metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#payments
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 26 Mar 2010 11:43:45 -0400Ahem A Rivet's Shot <steveo@eircom.net> writes:
investors/speculators found the no-documentation, no-down, interest only payment, 1% ARMs extremely attractive ... the speculation was even increasing the annual inflation and the spread with the 1% payments (further driving up the speculation demand ... frenzy approaching ponzi scheme proportions) ... with the speculators planning on flipping before arm/rate adjusted (in the period there were jokes about musical chairs and who would be left holding what, when the bubble burst)
recent posts mentioning no-documentation/no-down ARMs (some places
hitting 20-25% annual spread between the inflation rate and the
loan carrying cost)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010.html#37 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010.html#61 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#4 alphas was: search engine history, was Happy DEC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#35 search engine history, was Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#52 LPARs: More or Less?
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Notes on two presentations by Gordon Bell ca. 1998 Newsgroups: comp.arch Date: Fri, 26 Mar 2010 14:42:48 -0400Robert Myers <rbmyersusa@gmail.com> writes:
other pieces of above thread
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#9 Cache coherence [was Re: TF-1]
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#12 Cache coherence [was Re: TF-1]
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#22 Cache coherence [was Re: TF-1]
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#42 Cache coherence [was Re: IBM POWER4 ...]
now I did have a proposal that predated RP3 ... that would intermix blue
Iliad (first 32bit 801 chip design) and 370 boards ... big problem
getting to something like 96 boards (aka processors) per rack ... was
all heat issues. old post/reference
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004m.html#17 mainframe and microprocessor
Now, one of the things RP3 is accused of is nice professional fullsize paste board mockups for display. However, at one point my wife did get tasked with auditing RP3 to see if funding should continue ... and it was thumbs down (well before we started ha/cmp effort & cluster scale-up with rios chips). possibly the "thumbs down" contributed to the comment in the cache coherence thread.
past posts mentioning my wife getting asked to audit RP3 to see if
funding should continue:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#6 TF-1
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#26 Why so little parallelism?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#39 Why so little parallelism?
related recent thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#50 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#52 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#55 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#56 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#57 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#58 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#60 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#61 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#63 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#64 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#70 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#73 Handling multicore CPUs; what the competition is thinking
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Notes on two presentations by Gordon Bell ca. 1998 Newsgroups: comp.arch Date: Fri, 26 Mar 2010 15:10:26 -0400Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
in that time-frame, endicott was shipping vm/pc ... a 370 board for the xt/pc (xt/370) ... a couple motorola chips that did 370 subset at about 100kips. however, i was looking a 3chip-set from germany that did full 370 at 3mips (aka 30 times faster) ... and blue iliad was targeted at running 20 (801) mips. blue iliad was an enormous chip that ran really hot ... contributing to never getting finished.
recent reference mentioning that endicott blamed me for 6month slip in
shipping vm/pc ... I had done some thruput measurements and identified
it was page thrashing quite a bit ... and that resulted in six month
slip while they re-engineered with another 128kbytes of memory (to help
with page thrashing ... however, I also provided them with enhanced page
replacement algorithm especially in memory constrained environment and
an improved filesystem)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#8 What was the historical price of a P/390?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#10 What was the historical price of a P/390?
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 26 Mar 2010 16:31:55 -0400Ahem A Rivet's Shot <steveo@eircom.net> writes:
when the bubble burst ... markets started deflating back to the start of the century when the whole mess started, the markets that had the biggest bubbles (and speculation) then had biggest deflation back to the start of the century. lots of collateral damage along the way (but the raptors possibly just figured them as prey in any case).
i've seen some number of comments about getting really great deal on property taxes with the big deflation in value. however, they fail to consider that with everybody deflating and gov. operation staying the same ... if everybody's valuation drops 30-50% ... then total gov. tax revenue drops 30-50% ... and the gov. will have to raise the property tax rate in order to compensate. big deflation only works for a few regarding property tax ... if it is everybody ... the gov. still has approx. same run rate/spending (i.e. if anything, current mess has people asking for more gov. services rather than less ... but apparently figuring they/everybody can get away paying possibly 50% less but still getting more services).
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@garlic.com (Lynn Wheeler) Date: 26 Mar, 2010 Subject: Law Enforcement Appliance Subverts SSL Blog: Financial Crime Risk, Fraud and Securityre:
one of the references are to the large number of digital certificates for Certification Authorities that have been added to standard browser distributions over the years. In some cases, the original Certification Authorities have gone bankrupt and are no longer in business (browsers have no method for differentiating business practices of the increasing number of different Certification Authorities that have been enabled).
one of the 20yr scenarios is criminal elements coming into some level of influence of any of these Certification Authorities. This is analogous to a number of situations where criminal elements were able to influence ATM cash machine manufacturing ... with skimming compromises installed at the time the machine was being built.
A compromised Certification Authority is able to issue a digital certificate that is acceptable by every browser in the world ... for any business ... even for businesses that have digital certificates issued from totally different Certificate Authority.
This is the old adage that the security trust chain is only as strong as the weakest link ... the criminal elements are likely to go after the weakest link not the strongest link ... (picking some clerk at a Certification Authority ... or a Certification Authority that has some other kind of weakness/vulnerability).
From failure mode analysis ... having also done some number of high-availability products ... a high availability infrastructure is built so that the probability of infrastructure failure is the probability of all redundant components failing at the same time (the product/multiplication of the failure probabilities of the individual redundant components ... as the number of redundant components go up the probability of system failure decreases).
However, the Certification Authority infrastructure is not a high-availability infrastructure .... its characteristic is the chain analogy ... the system fails if there is any failure in any component (basically adding the failure probability of each individual component) ... as the number of acceptable Certification Authorities increase ... the probability that there is an overall system failure increases (the inverse of high-availability operation where adding redundant components lowers the system failure risk).
There is old post about jan92 meeting in ellisons conference room that
draws a thread between High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing scale-up and current
SSL "electronic commerce"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13
Now, two of the people named in the above meeting, leave and show up at a small client/server startup responsible for something called "commerce server". As mentioned above ... we were then called in to consult because they wanted to do payment transactions on their server; the startup had also invented this technology they called "SSL" they wanted to use.
another weak link in SSL domain name digital certificate infrastructure is the domain name system. When I apply for SSL digital certificate, I provide some information about who I am ... then the Certification Authority validates with the domain name infrastructure that I am also the true owner of the corresponding domain name.
An exploit is domain name hijacking at the domain name system ... and then going to Certification Authority (that does the weakest validation) ... and apply for a valid SSL digital certificate.
Countermeasures to domain name hijacking are using various
technologies to improve the integrity of the domain name
system. However, there is possibility that some of the technologies
can also eliminate the need for SSL domain name certificates. I've
pontificated about this catch-22 in the past
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#catch22
another article:
Sneaking Into the Transport Layer With a Fake ID
http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/69636.html?wlc=1269788312
If crooks can get into compromising POS terminal and ATM cash machines during manufacturing (with built in skimming devices, at one point there was an estimate that as many as 1/3rd of POS terminals being sold in particular market had built in skimming devices at manufacturing) ... what so unthinkable about crooks being able to obtain (valid) SSL digital certificates using forged identification.
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 26 Mar 2010 17:50:03 -0400Dave Garland <dave.garland@wizinfo.com> writes:
part of collaterial damage was a lot of municipalities. the speculation made it appear like there was more demand than there actually was. that resulted in developers starting a whole lot more developments. this required that the local govs. put in a lot more facilities for the new developments.
The developers took a lot of commercial loans ... and were hard hit when the bubble burst ... since all those houses stopped selling.
However, the municipalities issued a bunch of bonds for build out of new services; water, sewage, roads, etc for the new developments ... anticipating all sorts of fees and property taxes when the new developments sold. when the bubble burst ... these muni-bonds were hard hit
• for a time, bottom dropped out of muni-bonds (froze) because of fear, uncertainty and doubt about the rating agencies (which had been giving out all those triple-A ratings on toxic CDOs and now there was huge amount of apprehension about anything with a rating agency rating). Warren Buffett stepped in and "insured" muni-bonds to get that part of the market thru the mess (unfreeze).
• turns out there wasn't really the demand for all those new houses ... so they went unsold ... which resulted in the municipalities not getting all the fees and taxes for servicing the bonds.
old posts mentioning warren buffett stepping in to save the muni-bond
market (along with a few other buffett references):
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008g.html#66 independent appraisers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008j.html#20 dollar coins
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008m.html#17 Fraud due to stupid failure to test for negative
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008m.html#75 Fraud due to stupid failure to test for negative
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008m.html#76 When risks go south: FM&FM to be nationalized
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008m.html#78 When risks go south: FM&FM to be nationalized
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008m.html#80 Fraud due to stupid failure to test for negative
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008m.html#83 Fraud due to stupid failure to test for negative
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008m.html#86 WSJ finds someone to blame.... be skeptical, and tell the WSJ to grow up
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008m.html#87 Fraud due to stupid failure to test for negative
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008m.html#92 Blinkylights
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008n.html#0 Blinkylights
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008n.html#74 Why can't we analyze the risks involved in mortgage-backed securities?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008n.html#80 Why did Sox not prevent this financal crisis?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008o.html#15 Financial Crisis - the result of uncontrolled Innovation?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008o.html#26 SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley Act), is this really followed and worthful considering current Financial Crisis?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008o.html#28 Does anyone get the idea that those responsible for containing this finanical crisis are doing too much?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008o.html#45 The human plague
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008o.html#52 Why is sub-prime crisis of America called the sub-prime crisis?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008o.html#75 In light of the recent financial crisis, did Sarbanes-Oxley fail to work?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008p.html#60 Did sub-prime cause the financial mess we are in?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008q.html#11 Blinkenlights
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009b.html#78 How to defeat new telemarketing tactic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009c.html#29 How to defeat new telemarketing tactic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009d.html#77 Who first mentioned Credit Crunch?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009e.html#8 The background reasons of Credit Crunch
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Notes on two presentations by Gordon Bell ca. 1998 Newsgroups: comp.arch Date: Fri, 26 Mar 2010 21:07:02 -0400"Del Cecchi" <delcecchi@gmail.com> writes:
folklore is that one of the people that worked on blue iliad (including
their last two weeks *after* they gave notice) ... went on to be principal
architect of pa-risc and pa-wide word
http://www.hpl.hp.com/news/2001/apr-jun/itanium.html
some old email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003e.html#email811006
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003e.html#email811006b
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003e.html#email811113
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003e.html#email811115
in this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003e.html#65 801 (was Re: Reviving Multics
other old email mentioning 801, iliad, romp, etc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#801
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Notes on two presentations by Gordon Bell ca. 1998 Newsgroups: comp.arch Date: Sat, 27 Mar 2010 10:20:45 -0400Del Cecchi' <delcecchi@gmail.com> writes:
old email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006u.html#email810422
in this past exchange
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006u.html#38 To RISC or not to RISC
referencing going to fab feb82 for 1st pass parts ... then lots of debugging.
they did a lot with using scanning electron microscope for
analysing/debugging chip. i periodically use the reference in regard to
using electron microscope as part of compromising security chips.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010d.html#7 "Unhackable" Infineon Chip Physically Cracked
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010e.html#3 "Unhackable" Infineon Chip Physically Cracked
I did variation using a flavor of the above chip ... giving a talk on it
at 2001 IDF ... as well as having to do a walkthru of the fab in dresden
... recent reference
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#74 Is Security a Curse for the Cloud Computing Industry?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#75 Is Security a Curse for the Cloud Computing Industry?
and getting a EAL4+ evaluation of the chip ... recent reference:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#26 Should the USA Implement EMV?
other references
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#aads
One of the other things that los gatos did was the LSM (losgatos state
machine ... but appears as Logic Simulation Machine in external
presentations). HSDT put in high speed link between austin (7m dish
outside bldg. 45) and los gatos (4.5m dish in los gatos lab parking
lot).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt
HSDT & LSM was cited as contributing to bringing in RIOS chipset a year early.
misc. past posts mentioning 801, risc, iliad, romp, rios, fort knox,
somerset, etc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#801
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sat, 27 Mar 2010 11:09:10 -0400greymausg writes:
there is scenario that it falls back past the starting point because of developers believing the specualation represented fundamental demand ... doing a lot of extra housing developments ... that sit around empty as excess capacity (law of supply and demand). there is also buyer fear, doubt and uncertainty about how far will it fall ... depressing demand (federal incentives attempted to offset this).
there have been references that some of the same raptors were involved in the S&L crisis, the internet ipo boom, and the current mess.
in the internet ipo boom ... there was formula that was repeatedly cranked, put in several million, run a 2yr publicity & hype ... then several billion at the ipo. it was actually better that the public company then failed ... because it left that part of the landscape still open for the next one.
there is some corollary with the recent reference to Success Of Failure
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#19 STEM crisis
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010b.html#26 Happy DEC-10 Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2010f.html#38 F.B.I. Faces New Setback in Computer Overhaul
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: 16:32 far pointers in OpenWatcom C/C++ Newsgroups: alt.sys.pdp10, alt.folklore.computers Date: Sat, 27 Mar 2010 12:02:59 -0400jmfbahciv <jmfbahciv@aol> writes:
modern processor caches are now larger than oldtime real storage ... and the equivalent of running multiple tasks is the hyperthreading stuff (hardware simulating multiple different real processors with common/shared processor & cache).
I had added a flavor of working set to cp67 ... but later there was big uproar ... because the academic literature from that period married working sets with local page replacement algorithm ... and I had done global page replacement algorithm ... which was much more efficient use of the system resources. more than decade later this came to head when somebody was doing stanford phd thesis on global page replacement ... and encountered all sorts of academic resistance flying the "local page replacement" flag.
I was asked to step in because 1) i had shown global page replacement was more efficient more than decade earlier (as undergraduate in 60s) and 2) i had data from grenoble science center that had done the academic "local" lru on cp67 system ... and nearly identical cp67 systems and workload ... primarily differing based on local LRU vis-a-vis global LRU ... global LRU got nearly twice the thruput.
Actually grenoble had 1mbyte real storage 360/67 that had 155 4k pages after kernel & other fixed storage ... while cambridge had 768kbyte real storage 360/67 that had 104 4k pages (after kenel & other fixes storage). cambridge had better interactive response and thruput with 80 active users compared to grenoble system with 35 active users (running similar workloads)
old communication on the thesis issue
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#email821019
in this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#46 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
misc. past posts mentioning working set, page replacement, etc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#wsclock
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sat, 27 Mar 2010 12:16:20 -0400jmfbahciv <jmfbahciv@aol> writes:
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: The 2010 Census Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sat, 27 Mar 2010 12:56:23 -0400Walter Bushell <proto@panix.com> writes:
the old prop13 ... i had a house in silicon valley when it passed. it has been blamed for also destroying the cal. educational system.
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: "Son of 1036": News Article Format and Transmission Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sat, 27 Mar 2010 16:04:26 -0400from today's distribution :
Title: "Son of 1036": News Article
Format and Transmission
Author: H. Spencer
Status: Historic
Date: March 2010
Mailbox: henry@zoo.utoronto.ca
Pages: 106
Characters: 259422
Obsoleted by: RFC 5536, RFC 5537
I-D Tag: draft-spencer-usefor-son-of-1036-01.txt
URL: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1849.txt
By the early 1990s, it had become clear that RFC 1036, then the
specification for the Interchange of USENET Messages, was badly in need
of repair. This "Internet-Draft-to-be", though never formally published
at that time, was widely circulated and became the de facto standard for
implementors of News Servers and User Agents, rapidly acquiring the
nickname "Son of 1036". Indeed, under that name, it could fairly be
described as the best-known Internet Draft (n)ever published, and it
formed the starting point for the recently adopted Proposed Standards
for Netnews.
It is being published now in order to provide the historical background
out of which those standards have grown. Present-day implementors
should be aware that it is NOT NOW APPROPRIATE for use in current
implementations. This document defines a Historic Document for the
Internet community.
... snip ...
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: 16:32 far pointers in OpenWatcom C/C++ Newsgroups: alt.sys.pdp10, alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 28 Mar 2010 10:34:39 -0400Pat Farrell <pfarrell@pfarrell.com> writes:
it was in the time period that i made the modifications to CP67 ... for both working set and page replacement ... and science center then adopted and started shipping. besides the global vis-a-vis local LRU difference ... i had also fudged (at least based on the thesis definition) to factor in the efficiency of the paging environment (aka things like fixed-head or electronic paging device ... vis-a-vis moveable head paging device). the page replacement strategy in cp67 previously had been a kind of FIFO (before i rewrote the whole thing).
the above was also exactly what genoble science center for cp67, had implemented so I had the comparison with what i had implemented. the grenoble paper was cacm16, apr73.
and the author of the '68 thesis was lobbying hard in the early 80s, that the "clock" (global replacement) thesis not be approved (at one time there was the email exchange with thesis adviser, hennessy, on the web).
misc. past posts discussing the above topic:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/93.html#7 HELP: Algorithm for Working Sets (Virtual Memory)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/94.html#1 Multitasking question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#18 Old Computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#26 TECO Critique
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001l.html#6 mainframe question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002c.html#49 Swapper was Re: History of Login Names
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#30 Computer History Exhibition, Grenoble France
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003f.html#50 Alpha performance, why?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004.html#25 40th anniversary of IBM System/360 on 7 Apr 2004
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004c.html#59 real multi-tasking, multi-programming
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004g.html#13 Infiniband - practicalities for small clusters
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004q.html#73 Athlon cache question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005d.html#37 Thou shalt have no other gods before the ANSI C standard
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005f.html#47 Moving assembler programs above the line
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005h.html#10 Exceptions at basic block boundaries
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005h.html#15 Exceptions at basic block boundaries
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006f.html#0 using 3390 mod-9s
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006i.html#31 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006i.html#36 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006i.html#37 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006i.html#42 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006j.html#1 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006j.html#17 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006q.html#19 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#46 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#79 IBM Floating-point myths
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008h.html#70 New test attempt
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008h.html#79 Microsoft versus Digital Equipment Corporation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008r.html#21 What if the computers went back to the '70s too?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009l.html#12 August 7, 1944: today is the 65th Anniversary of the Birth of the Computer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009r.html#54 While watching Biography about Bill Gates on CNBC last Night
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: 16:32 far pointers in OpenWatcom C/C++ Newsgroups: alt.sys.pdp10, alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 28 Mar 2010 10:47:34 -0400Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
some cp67 installations had 2311 disks for paging, some had (faster) 2314 disks, and some had 2301 drums (aka fixed head). the original paging code for the 2301 drums did a single page i/o at a time which still resulted in avg. rotational delay and peaked at 80 4k page transfers per second. I modified the 2301 page i/o routine to "chain" multiple queue requests in rotational order ... increasing peak 2301 paging thruput to 300 requests per second. I also modified the disk i/o routine to do order arm seeking (as opposed to purely FIFO) ... improving all disk i/o thruput.
in any case, working set objective is to limit the concurrent contention for real storage (multiprogramming level) to prevent page thrashing so execution can proceed efficiently. if I nearly quadruple the efficiency of paging thruput ... then I can allow a higher level of multiprogramming and greater real storage contention ... while still maintaining effective execution thruput. In order to dynamically adapt to the configuration (and workload) ... I had to make the limits on multiprogramming level (and real storage contention) dynamically adaptable ... which required that I make the definition of working set dynamically adaptable.
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: 16:32 far pointers in OpenWatcom C/C++ Newsgroups: alt.sys.pdp10, alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 28 Mar 2010 11:42:08 -0400re:
belady defined "optimal" page replacement ... that knowing future page references, the current page selected for replacement results in the fewest future page faults.
LRU approx. "optimal" under some number of assumptions about page references. there are some number of page reference patterns that result in LRU degenerating to FIFO ... and/or other reasons that LRU is much worse than "optimal".
in the mid-70s, I came up with variation on global/clock-like LRU that resulted in LRU degenerating to RANDOM (instead of FIFO) in those conditions. The code looked and worked like standard LRU ... but had slight-of-hand twist that would result in approximating RANDOM (under those conditions, rather than degenerating to FIFO) for better thruput.
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
From: lynn@garlic.com (Lynn Wheeler) Date: 28 Mar, 2010 Subject: Why do most websites use HTTPS only while logging you in...and not for the entire session? Blog: Information SecurityHTTPS was supposed to provide for both 1) authentication of the webserver and 2) hiding of information flowing over the internet.
we had been called in to consult with small client/server company that wanted to do payment transactions on their server. They had also invented this technology they called "SSL" they had wanted to use. As part of mapping the technology to business practices we had to do some indepth look at how it is supposed to be deployed and operates.
One of the assumptions about validating the webserver is that the webserver that the person thinks they are talking to is actually the webserver they are talking to. This assumption required that the end-user understand the relationship between the webserver they think they are talking to and the URL they provided to the browser. The browser then uses SSL to validate that the webserver being talked to corresponds to the URL.
Almost immediately this assumption was violated ... with merchants finding that SSL cutting their thruput by 90% or more ... dropping back to just using SSL for "check-out/paying". Instead of the original merchant URL being validated ... the user clicks on a "PAY" button (on an unvalidated page) which provides the URL. This changes the paradigm "is the user talking to the webserver that they think they are talking to" .... TO .... "the webserver is the webserver that it claims to be".
The implicit requirement for HTTPS is that the user understands & provides the initial URL that the browser than validates against the webserver being talked to. Violating this paradigm also results in all sorts of exploits involving email where user is asked to "CLICK" on a field (which is automatically passed to the browser).
That is separate threat/vulnerability from the recent articles about the whole certification authority infrastructure (that is responsible for the SSL digital certificates) having various weaknesses.
In the mid-90s, the consumer dialup online banking services were making presentations about moving to the internet ... major motivation being the customer support costs for their proprietary dialup infrastructure. At the same time, the dialup online commercial banking/cash-management services were saying they would never move to the internet because a long litany of vulnerabilities (even if HTTPS was used).
the major use of SSL in the world today is this earlier work we did that is now frequently called "electronic commerce".
From security CAIN acronym (or sometimes PAIN)
C - confidentiality (P - privacy)
A - authentication
I - integrity
N - non-repudiation
For banking and financial transactions ... SSL is used for
confidentiality ... hiding the transaction details. some past posts
mentioning SSL domain name digital certificates
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#sslcerts
Somewhat as a result of the "electronic commerce" work ... in the
mid-90s, we were invited to participate in the x9a10 financial
standard working group which had been given the requirement to
preserve the integrity of the financial infrastructure for all retail
payments. Part of the work involved doing detailed, end-to-end
threat & vulnerability studies of large number of different
environments (debit, credit, stored-value, gift card, point-of-sale,
unattended, internet, high-value, low-value, transit turnstile, online
banking, etc). The result was the x9.59 financial transaction
standard.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#x959
Now x9.59 slightly changed the paradigm and used strong authentication and strong integrity ... in lieu of confidentiality ... to preserve the integrity of the financial infrastructure for all retail payments ... aka it is no longer necessary to hide the account number and transaction details to prevent fraud. This eliminates the threats from skimming, harvesting, evesdropping, breaches, etc ... which could use information from previous transactions to perform fraudulent financial transactions.
Also, since it is no longer necessary to hide the transaction details ... it also eliminates the major use of SSL in the world today.
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42yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970