From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: z/OS and VM Control Blocks
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 05 Jan 2008 16:28:25

it was eventually in use by all internal locations and PSRs ... even tho there was a decision not to release it to customers.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#dumprx

it sort-of started out as a demonstration of the functionality of the "new" rex ... the stated objective was in half-time over period of 3months, i would re-implement ipcs in rex(x) with ten times the function and it would run ten times faster (little slight of hand since the base ipcs was all implemented in assembler).

i had access to softcopy of all the base source files (including control block definitions) and documentation. however, nearly all this stuff had been created for hardcopy/printed output. the particular issue was how to come up with online appropriate information display including being able to tailor to problem being dealt with (very crude online context sensitive orientation).

Need Help filtering out sporge in comp.arch

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Need Help filtering out sporge in comp.arch
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 05 Jan 2008 19:44:50

from above:
Program temporary fix is the standard IBM locution to designate single bugfix or group of bugfixes distributed in a form ready to install for customers. Often cited tongue-in-cheek as Permanent Temporary Fix.

... snip ...

also reference here ...

Using the program temporary fix (PTF) functions
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/iseries/v5r2/ic2924/books/c415321212.htm

for other topic drift, recent post mentioning vm370 source update/maintenance
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#6 Open z/Architecture or Not
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#8 Open z/Architecture or Not
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#14 hacked TOPS-10 monitors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#16 No Glory for the PDP-15

in vm370, each PTF was a separate source file "update" (one per source module needing update).

once a month, all accumlated PTFs and some set of lesser enhancements would be packaged ... with some amount of regression testing into a PLC (program level change) tape ... and distributed to customers.

there might be a major release about once a year ... where all accumulated source updates and other functional enhancements would be integrated with the base source module and distributed (on tape).

a "kernel" map consisted of listing of location of each module in fixed kernel memory ... as well as the base (assembler) source file along with date/time ... as well as naming of all individual source update files (along with date/time) that went into creating the final source that went into generating the executable image for that routine.

in the mid-80s, i was on business trip visiting the madrid science center ... they had a project scanning and digitizing a lot of old documents ... in preparation for 500 yr anniv. "discovery" of america. while there, i visited local movie house ... which included short film produced at the univ. one scene played major role with wall covered with possible 20 or so televisions ... all scrolling identical text (approx. 1200 baud?). it took me a short while to realize that it was continuously looping display of a vm370 kernel "map". What was worse, i realized I recognized the PLC of the kernel ... by which PTFs were and were not included.

misc. past posts mentioning visiting madrid science center:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#9 IBM S/360
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000.html#14 Computer of the century
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000g.html#36 stupid user stories
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001e.html#66 line length (was Re: Babble from "JD" <dyson@jdyson.com>)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#16 Movies with source code (was Re: Movies with DEC minis)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#35 Computers in Science Fiction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002n.html#39 CMS update
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004g.html#40 IBM 7094 Emulator - An historic moment?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004h.html#17 Google loves "e"

Tap and faucet and spellcheckers

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Tap and faucet and spellcheckers
Newsgroups: alt.usage.english,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 05 Jan 2008 09:47:22

the issue then was what was going to happen to the software houses that became use to revenue streams from people constantly buying the latest/new release (somewhat like the old paradigm of people buying disposable, new cars every year).

"internet" showed up as the new "buzzword" about that time and allowed new set of "internet" oriented features to continually be advertised ... extended the ongoing revenue stream paradigm related to constant introduction of new features.

for other topic drift ... i was allowed to play disk engineer in bldg. 14&15
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#disk

one of the things that was going on was that they had several "testcells" of new equipment being developed ... which had to be scheduled for stand-along testing with large mainframe (running custom, stand-alone software monitor).

they had tried bringing up MVS for supporting concurrent testing of multiple testcells ... however discovered that with just a single testcell, MVS's MTBF on the order of 15 minutes. so for the fun of it, i undertook to redo the i/o supervisor ... so the mainframes could be operating in a operating system environment with concurrent testing of numerous testcells going on (bullet proof environment that would never fail). the result was significant improvement in disk engineering productivity with testing of any testcell could occur at any time (w/o waiting for the dedicated time allocation).

one (corporate internal only) report mentioning all the work that had to be done ... and also mentioning the MVS 15 min MTBF issue ... resulted in taking a huge number of barbs and arrows from the MVS RAS group (not particularly about it not being true ... but who was I to be allowed to even refer to such a thing). one folklore was that all of the ill-will from the MVS RAS group tanked a corporate award for the work.

for even more drift ... a testcell was a heavy steel wire mesh cage with special combination padlock on each door. this was located inside a security controlled machine room, inside a security controlled building, inside a security controlled plant site.

one of the issues was somewhat related to a court case over theft of condifidential hardware documents by and employee and provided to a disk clone manufacturer. there was a claim that it represented several billion dollars i.e. the revenue difference to the clone company to be able ship a new disk the same day it was announced ... versus at least six month delay to come up with compatible disk via reverse engineering after obtaining one via normal sales mechanism.

the court supposedly made some reference effectively that there had to be security procedures proportional to the claimed value ... otherwise it could be treated as an "attractive nuisance" ... aka the swimming pool scenario requiring fence ... otherwise the owner can be held liable.

Tap and faucet and spellcheckers

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Tap and faucet and spellcheckers
Newsgroups: alt.usage.english,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 05 Jan 2008 16:06:49

one of the interesting aspects of this was that the courts seemed to view, that given a chance, human nature is criminal ... and it is necessary not to offer the chance; that human nature would be to steal something worth billions of dollars unless there were sufficient countermeasures in place (just like kids would jump in swimming pool unless there was fence around it).

Tap and faucet and spellcheckers

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Tap and faucet and spellcheckers
Newsgroups: alt.usage.english,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 06 Jan 2008 09:31:00

and old email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#email801015
in this post from 1jan2007
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#2 The Elements of Programming Style

mentioning MVS RAS issues with new disks.

somewhat related posts with regard to results of having offended some group or another:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#48 time spent/day on a computer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#75 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#83 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#94 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#0 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#4 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#5 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#9 IBM Unionization

As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 06 Jan 2008 10:29:32

from above:
Toyota beat Ford in 2007 in United States auto sales, putting it behind General Motors, industry statistics showed Thursday. Ford had held the No. 2 spot since 1931, according to the company's historian.

... snip ...

i think the different between Toyota vis-a-vis GM and the recent overtaking Ford ... is whether or not it is world-wide figures or just US.

recent postings related to auto imports and competitiveness:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#32 Toyota set to lift crown from GM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#34 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#52 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#13 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#4 Horrid thought about Politics, President Bush, and Democrats

still didn't find article that mentions calling for 100% unearned profit tax ... but some related articles from the period:

http://multinationalmonitor.org/hyper/issues/1984/08/reagan.html
In 1980 the outlook was bleak for U.S. automobile manufacturers. They had recent huge profit losses. Employment had fallen by 20 percent. The Chrysler Corporation had just narrowly escaped bankruptcy by a federal bailout. It was all bad news, but rather than look for causes within (such as quality control problems and lagging productivity), the industry blamed Japanese imports. It turned to the President it had supported in the 1980 election-who had run on a platform of free market and free trade-and demanded some type of restraint on imported autos.

In response, Reagan announced in 1981 that the U.S. had reached an agreement with Japan on a voluntary export restraint limiting Japanese automobile exports to the U.S. to 1.68 million cars a year.

The result has been a bonanza of auto profits and auto executive bonuses. Creating an artificial scarcity of Japanese autos has caused prices of both Japanese imports and U.S. manufactured autos to jump. A 1983 Wharton Econometrics study estimated that in 1981 and 1982, the prices of Japanese imports increased an average of $920 to $960 per car. And since 1981, the average price of a U.S. manufactured car has increased by over 40 percent-twice the rate of increase in the Consumer Price Index during the same period.

Profits in the U.S. auto industry soared from a loss of $3.8 billion in 1980 to a gain of $7.7 billion in 1983. Brookings Institute economist Robert Crandall estimates that "a substantial share of the explanation must be the price effects of import restraints." And auto industry executives have cashed in, too: Roger B. Smith, General Motors chairman, granted himself $1.5 million in cash and stock bonuses in 1983; Ford's chairman Phillip Caldwell took home $1.4 million.

...

http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/FYI48.cfm
From 1981 through 1983 the Japanese were allowed to ship 1.68 million cars annually to the U.S.; last year the ceiling was 1.85 million. By restricting the number of imported cars, Washington made it possible for the auto companies to raise prices without fear of losing business to less expensive competitors. Wharton Econometrics calculates that the average price per new car has risen by $2,600 since the market restrictions were imposed. Brookings Institution economist Robert Crandall estimates that $400 of this price hike per U.S.-made car was possible only because quotas reduced competition. With 1984 sales of nearly 8 million U.S. cars, the quotas took $3.2 billion out of the pockets of consumers and gave it to the auto industry. Crandall further estimates that the low supply of imported cars mandated by the quotas added $1,000 to the pricetag of every Japanese car sold in the U.S., a total of $1.85 billion in extra consumer costs. The total 1984 bill for U.S. consumers due to auto trade restraints: $5 billion. Some argue that quotas should be extended because the U.S. auto industry is still not economically sound. This is a strange argument.

...

pasts posts mentioning there was article raising issue of 100% unearned profit tax:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#41 Reason Japanese cars are assembled in the US (was Re: American bigotry)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#43 Reason Japanese cars are assembled in the US (was Re: American bigotry)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001d.html#43 Economic Factors on Automation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#52 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004h.html#22 Vintage computers are better than modern crap !
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005s.html#2 Internet today -- what's left for hobbiests
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006.html#23 auto industry
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#14 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#17 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#20 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#49 The Pankian Metaphor (redux)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#33 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#72 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#88 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#11 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#24 IBM Unionization

Need Help filtering out sporge in comp.arch

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Need Help filtering out sporge in comp.arch
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 06 Jan 2008 10:51:24

past references to internal, highly modified "csc/vm" that had somehow leaked out to at&t longlines ... which they propagated to some number of machines and continued to run it for nearly a decade ... then at&t national marketing manager tracking me down to see if I could help get them off that system and on to a current system:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#14 characters
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/96.html#35 Mainframes & Unix (and TPF)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/97.html#15 OSes commerical, history
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000.html#5 IBM XT/370 and AT/370 (was Re: Computer of the century)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#60 360 Architecture, Multics, ... was (Re: X86 ultimate CISC? No.)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001f.html#3 Oldest program you've written, and still in use?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#4 Buffer overflow
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#11 The demise of compaq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002c.html#11 OS Workloads : Interactive etc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#32 IBM was: CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002k.html#66 OT (sort-of) - Does it take math skills to do data processing ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002p.html#23 Cost of computing in 1958?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#17 vax6k.openecs.org rebirth
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003d.html#46 unix
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003k.html#4 1950s AT&T/IBM lack of collaboration?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004e.html#32 The attack of the killer mainframes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004m.html#58 Shipwrecks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005p.html#31 z/VM performance
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006b.html#21 IBM 3090/VM Humor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#54 The Perfect Computer - 36 bits?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#56 The Perfect Computer - 36 bits?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#6 Open z/Architecture or Not
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#15 folklore indeed

hacked TOPS-10 monitors

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: hacked TOPS-10 monitors
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers,comp.sys.unisys
Date: Sun, 06 Jan 2008 11:40:29

for a little more drift ... only slightly related to this thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#17 Usefulness of bidreictional read/write

in this post referencing getting call about helping get at&t longlines off a highly modified, ancient csc/vm system
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#29 Need Help filtering out sporge in comp.arch

one of the "local" longlines (additional) modifications was support for "networked" tape drives. they had extended the device virtualization for tape drives to work over network (between vm370 machines) ... so applications running on remote vm370 could request tape mounts and read/write tapes on vm370 systems at other sites.

1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: 1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 06 Jan 2008 14:16:03

some large merchants would aggregate the electronic transactions and have one (or very few) interfaces into some acquiring network. most common seen in lots of stores are machines that do 1-800 calls in real time into modem bank ... which interfaces into acquiring network.

apparently in this case, the acquiring network had been down for an hr or so ... and the dentist was being forced into doing "voice" auths. some number of these are actually automated VRU ... with information entered via phone keypad.

more recently, i mentioned a situation where stores weren't taking cards unless they had the old fashion physical "swipe" machines ... because local (telco) central office had some problem (which lasted a couple days) we were in the process of moving and having to eat out a lot ... and also make a lot of new purchases ... so we ran into in numerous times during the period
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#84 Poll: oldest computer thing you still use

more topic drift regarding older problem with 1-800 incoming auth calls
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#25 LAX IT failure: leaps of faith don't work

for other topic drift ... the long-time old small squat swipe machines with (numerical) keypad on top ... are perported to be "repackaged" pc/xt in different form factor ... with flash for harddisk ... running ms/dos with 1200 baud modem ... at least as far as programming is concerned. old post mentioning xt/msdos for point-of-sale terminals:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004e.html#21 A POX on you, Dennis Ritchie!!!
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007r.html#13 What do ATMS and card readers use?

for other topic drift ... misc. posts mentioning compromises of point-of-sale terminals for skimming transaction information with the purpose of using the (skimmed transaction) information for fraudulent transactions:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm22.htm#44 Creativity and security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm22.htm#45 Court rules email addresses are not signatures, and signs death warrant for Digital Signatures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm22.htm#46 Court rules email addresses are not signatures, and signs death warrant for Digital Signatures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm23.htm#2 News and Views - Mozo, Elliptics, eBay + fraud, naive use of TLS and/or tokens
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm23.htm#30 Petrol firm suspends chip-and-pin
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm23.htm#32 Chip-and-Pin terminals were replaced by "repairworkers"?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm23.htm#34 Chip-and-Pin terminals were replaced by "repairworkers"?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#16 Fraudwatch - Chip&PIN one-sided story, banks and deception and liability shifts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm27.htm#32 The bank fraud blame game
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005g.html#41 Maximum RAM and ROM for smartcards
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006u.html#40 New attacks on the financial PIN processing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#14 IBM ATM machines
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#5 Securing financial transactions a high priority for 2007
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#6 Securing financial transactions a high priority for 2007
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007b.html#13 special characters in passwords
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007r.html#72 Translation of IBM Basic Assembler to C?

and even more drift ... a couple news articles from the past couple days:

Citibank limits ATM cash withdrawals in NYC (atm fraud)
http://www.atmmarketplace.com/article.php?id=9544&na=1
UK Bank Faces Chip-and-PIN Fraud Lawsuit
http://www.epaynews.com/index.cgi?survey=&ref=browse&f=view&id=1199470277837043222&block=

1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: 1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 06 Jan 2008 14:21:54

JCL parms

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: JCL parms
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 06 Jan 2008 14:38:35

we had 709 running fortran monitor for student jobs ... running tape-to-tape ... tapes were physical moved back and forth between 709 and 1401 ... with the 1401 handling front-end unit record processing. student job elapsed time was on the order of a second.

moving to 360/65 with os360 and hasp ... minimum elapsed time for 3step (student) fortran compile, link-edit and go ... was on the order of 30seconds ... effectively all of it (constantly re)executing job scheduler.

various univ one-step job monitors attempted to "attach" compile, link-edit, and go, for student jobs (eliminating job scheduler overhead).

i had done some custom optimization with very careful reorganization of stage-II sysgen cards (stage-I output) ... in order to very carefully physically place files and PDS members on disk ... for optimal arm seek operation. this had improved 3step (effecitvely job scheduler) from 30seconds to about 13seconds (for typical student fortran job).

part of old presentation at fall68 SHARE meeting in Atlantic City discussing very careful os360 stage-2 sysgen optimization ... in addition to separate activity rewriting large amounts of cp67 virtual machine kernel
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/94.html#18 CP/67 & OS MFT14

of course when watfor became available ... it eclipsed a lot of the work on one-step job monitors.

1970s credit cards, was: 1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: 1970s credit cards, was: 1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 06 Jan 2008 15:25:12

at some point, the industry decided that point-of-sale clerks shouldn't be involved in grabbing cards from people that might be crooks (having stolen the card).

this was even pushed further with EU suggestion that such electronic transactions should be a lot more anonymous (in line with EU-DPD). this implied that names and other identifying characteristics should be removed from the cards (i.e. point-of-sale clerks also no longer x-checking name from card against name on some form of gov. issued card, preferrably something with photo ... as countermeasure to lost/stolen card) ... recent reference:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#1

U.S. Identity Theft at Record Level in 2007

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: U.S. Identity Theft at Record Level in 2007
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 06 Jan 2008 16:01:09

various other URLs from above page:

Issuers Line Up for TJX Settlements
http://www.epaynews.com/index.cgi?survey=&keywords=brazil&optional=&subject=&location=&ref=keyword&f=view&id=11992194668314718872&block= Phishing Now a Multi-Billion Dollar Menace
http://www.epaynews.com/index.cgi?survey=&keywords=brazil&optional=&subject=&location=&ref=keyword&f=view&id=1198141697837043222&block= TJX settles with banks over credit card data breach
http://www.finextra.com/fullstory.asp?id=17877
International Card Fraudsters Scam English Village
http://www.epaynews.com/index.cgi?survey=&ref=browse&f=view&id=1198229769837043222&block= Brazilian Visa Acquirer Automates PCI Compliance
http://www.epaynews.com/index.cgi?survey=&keywords=tjx&optional=&subject=&location=&ref=keyword&f=view&id=1197582601837043222&block= Record Online Holiday Sales = Record Web Fraud
http://www.epaynews.com/index.cgi?survey=&keywords=tjx&optional=&subject=&location=&ref=keyword&f=view&id=1197582137837043222&block= TJX offers $40.9m in Visa Settlement
http://www.epaynews.com/index.cgi?survey=&keywords=tjx&optional=&subject=&location=&ref=keyword&f=view&id=1197028845837043222&block=

including:

The World of Identity Theft Continues to Evolve ITRC reports on the identity theft trends of 2007 with 2008 predictions
http://www.idtheftcenter.org/artman2/publish/m_press/2007_Trends_and_Predictions.shtml

... from above:
Last year, ITRC predicted the following trends for 2007:

• There will be an increase in check fraud, check synthesizing, and check counterfeiting.

• Phishing will continue to grow as a problem.

• Child, family, and domestic identity theft victims will be acknowledged by law enforcement and companies.

• There will still be a lack of sensitivity and responsiveness toward victims by some law enforcement agencies, companies, and government agencies.

• We will see more communication between various law enforcement entities in multi-jurisdictional cases including the creation of regional taskforces.

... snip ...

1970s credit cards, was: 1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: 1970s credit cards, was: 1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 06 Jan 2008 18:06:25

one of the sources that upwards of 70percent of id-theft involve "insiders"

... misc. recent references:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm27.htm#31 The bank fraud blame game
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm27.htm#52 more on firing your MBA-less CSO
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm27.htm#53 Doom and Gloom spreads, security revisionism suggests "H6.5: Be an adept!"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm27.htm#60 Retailers try to push data responsibilities back to banks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007f.html#75 Securing financial transactions a high priority for 2007
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#28 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#65 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#35 My Dream PC -- Chip-Based
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#85 PCI Compliance - Encryption of all non-console administrative access
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#94 PCI Compliance - Encryption of all non-console administrative access
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#0 The Unexpected Fact about the First Computer Programmer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#11 what does xp do when system is copying
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#72 Value of SSL client certificates?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007r.html#27 Default Search Engines are dangerous, Especially Google <- Domain Name Stealers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#20 UK Retail Giant Breached by Insider
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#74 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#94 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#4 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#5 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#9 folklore indeed

1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: 1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 07 Jan 2008 05:26:22

we were called into consult with small client/server startup that wanted to do financial transactions on their server. they had this technology they had invented called SSL they wanted to use as part of this service ... which is now frequently referred to as electronic commerce ... some related posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#gateway

one of the acquiring networking protocols used extensively by T&E industry, hotels, casinos, etc ... for such aggregation, ran over x.25 ... was selected for the initial implementation. there were two varieties ... one was an internet "mall" operation ... where the paradigm was the physical mall with lots of different retail outlets sharing common services ... including the acquiring network interface. the other implementation was a payment gateway ... with authorized webservers interfacing over the internet via this new invention, ssl.

i've mentioned recently that for the internet gateway based operation, the diagnostic and service level operations (including active monitor) that had extended out from the acquiring network to the (assumed) x.25 endpoint ...now had to figure out how to propagated thru the internet. we had to develop and document some amount of compensating procedures that were implicit in circuit-based infrastructure for the wild anarchy of the internet.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007c.html#30 Securing financial transactions a high priority for 2007
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007c.html#32 Securing financial transactions a high priority for 2007
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007c.html#43 Securing financial transactions a high priority for 2007
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007h.html#3 21st Century ISA goals?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007h.html#78 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#52 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#54 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#10 The top 10 dead (or dying) computer skills
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#41 Windows: Monitor or CUSP?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#77 PSI MIPS
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#85 PCI Compliance - Encryption of all non-console administrative access
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#94 PCI Compliance - Encryption of all non-console administrative access
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#23 Outsourcing loosing steam?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#25 LAX IT failure: leaps of faith don't work
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#34 what does xp do when system is copying
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#54 Industry Standard Time To Analyze A Line Of Code
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#53 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#64 folklore indeed

JCL parms

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: JCL parms
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 07 Jan 2008 05:48:56

when i was undergraduate, they turned over responsibility for a lot of the stuff to me. they nominally would shutdown the computing center at 8am sat. morning and resume operations at 8am monday morning. i would be allowed to have the run of the place for 48hrs shift ... but then making it to monday classes (after having been awake for 48hrs) was a little trying.

competitiveness

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: competitiveness
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 07 Jan 2008 13:03:08

UK standard of living rises above that in America for the first time in a century
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=506442&in_page_id=1770

for other topic drift ... standard of living related posts starting with some posts referencing significant economic cost of illegal aliens
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#18 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#70 illegal aliens
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#79 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#81 illegal aliens
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#22 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#61 Horrid thought about Politics, President Bush, and Democrats
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#46 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers

above includes references to gao studies that illegal aliens typically provide economic value (only) a little over half their cost to society (i.e. society has to spend much more on illegal aliens than their direct economic contribution).

so another way of viewing this is with respect to studies of economic policies in Scandinavian countries after ww2 (this was from a series of articles from the boston globe in the early 70s with respect to declining shoe & clothing industry in new england). supposedly the countries set a standard of living target and looked at economic contribution of different kinds of work/jobs. industries where jobs provided economic value less than the target standard of living, were to be eliminated ... and those with jobs that provided economic value higher than standard were to be encouraged. the exception were industries that were deemed "strategic" ... and it may be necessary to subsidize those jobs (paying them more than what their work is worth).

so in the case of illegal aliens, the subsidy might be considered to be to the institutions that employ the illegal aliens. these industries may provide marginal salaries to the illegal aliens ... pocketing the difference between their salaries and the what the institutions receive for the work ... and general society is required to provide the additional benefits to the workers.

difference from the scandinavian scenario is that there has been no national policy decision regarding whether these particular industries are deserving the effective subsidy (i.e. general society underwriting the significant cost of benefits to their workers).

past posts referencing scandanavian economic policy
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003i.html#28 Offshore IT
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#52 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#4 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#8 The Pankian Metaphor

now from slightly different perspective ... there were a number of gov. reports in the 90s (based on 1990 census) ... half the workers in the manufacturing sector were "subsidized" ... aka they were receiving benefits (salary, medical, retirement, etc) that amounted to more than the economic contribution of their work. minor x-over topic drift in this recent post mentioning some suggestion about one hundred percent unearned profit tax:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#28 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales

recent post mentioning inadequatly funded retirement benefits ... i.e. not fully funded retirement fund ... forcing the gov. to assume the responsibility
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#38 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#26 2007 Year in Review on Mainframes - Interesting

another report (based on 1990 census) was about half the 18yr olds were functionally illiterate, recent posts:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#7 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#24 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#79 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#31 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#51 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#80 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#85 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#10 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#30 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#34 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#42 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#68 Poll: oldest computer thing you still use
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#21 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#22 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#29 folklore indeed

other posts mentions competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#6 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#7 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#34 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#35 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#52 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#68 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007h.html#42 Experts: Education key to U.S. competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#13 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#10 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#22 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#20 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#15 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#18 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#22 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#23 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#32 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#2 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#15 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#18 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#17 T3 Sues IBM To Break its Mainframe Monopoly
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#20 Education ranking

No Gory for the *NIX

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: No Gory for the *NIX
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers,alt.sys.pdp10
Date: Mon, 07 Jan 2008 18:36:27

multiple channel interfaces allowed for attaching disk controllers to multiple different channels/systems.

recent post mentioning one such problem in bldg. 28 between an mvs/168 system and vm/158 system.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#4 IBM mainframe history, was Floating-point myths

IT managers stymied by limits of x86 virtualization

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: IT managers stymied by limits of x86 virtualization
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 07 Jan 2008 22:59:09

IT managers stymied by limits of x86 virtualization; X86 virtualization lacks maturity of mainframe virtualization, analyst firm says.
http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/011408-silentbanker-trojan.html

from above: IT managers well-versed in mainframe virtualization might expect smooth sailing when implementing virtualization tools for x86-based servers. But they're quickly finding unexpected challenges because x86 virtualization is nowhere near as mature as the mainframe virtualization tools that evolved over the past four decades, says a Saugatuck Technology analyst who is researching virtualization.

... snip ...

other refences in the above:

The Many Faces of Virtualization: Understanding a New IT Reality
http://www.saugatech.com/420order.htm

Virtual-machine evolution
http://www.networkworld.com/reviews/2007/091707-virtual-management-test-history.html

Server virtualization in two-thirds of enterprises by '09, Forrester predicts
http://www.networkworld.com/news/2007/120607-can-mid-market-merchants-comply-with.html

... and recent reference to long ago and far away, at&t longlines adding (networked) virtual tape drives to highly modified (vm370) csc/vm (that had leaked out)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#29 Need Help filtering out sporge in comp.arch
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#30 hacked TOPS-10 monitors

Inaccurate CPU% reported by RMF and TMON

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Inaccurate CPU% reported by RMF and TMON
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: Tue, 08 Jan 2008 08:26:34

some past posts mentioning effect:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005m.html#16 CPU time and system load
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006v.html#19 Ranking of non-IBM mainframe builders?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#82 IBM to the PCM market
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#23 SMF Under VM

really strange the first time you hear it ... aka the elapsed minus measured wait is much larger than the individually measured cpu usages (especially having vm background where it actually does capture nearly every cycle).

the referenced "SMF Under VM" post includes some number of corporate MVS URLs that go into much more detail.

old email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006v.html#email800717

discussing moving workload from 168 to 4341s w/o taking into account capture ratio.

dig. TV

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: dig. TV
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 08 Jan 2008 08:45:17

in the mid-80s, saw some side-by-side demos of analog tv vis-a-vis digital (w/fec) as the signal quality degraded ... which showed analog picture half snow before started seeing digital "drop-out" blips (somewhat similar to dvd that has been scratched ... again, FEC technology used in audio cdroms).

a couple old posts mentioning HDTV
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#11 Is Al Gore The Father of the Internet?^
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#2 FCC rulemakings on HDTV
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#23 OT - Internet Explorer V6.0

this post has long-winded sep90 discussion from one of the study groups:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001.html#73 how old are you guys

the "joke" i heard about the current legislation was that as part of "balanced" budget activities in the 90s ... there was still a gap ... and to close it ... it was suggested that they could auction off frequencies that would come available with transition from analog to digital TV (of course the predictions back then about the bidding were astronomical).

Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 08 Jan 2008 08:56:43

from above:
It is all about programming! Over the last few years we have noticed worrisome trends in CS education. The following represents a summary of those trends:

1. Mathematics requirements in CS programs are shrinking.

2. The development of programming skills in several languages is giving way to cookbook approaches using large libraries and special-purpose packages.

3. The resulting set of skills is insufficient for today's software industry (in particular for safety and security purposes) and, unfortunately, matches well what the outsourcing industry can offer. We are training easily replaceable professionals.

... snip ...

No Glory for the PDP-15

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: No Glory for the PDP-15
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 08 Jan 2008 09:48:21

as referenced in above ... the heritage of rigid command and control was behind his Organic Design For Command and Control briefing.

it also contributed to all the arrows and barbs i got if i happened to wander into somebody else's "turf"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#25 Tap and faucet and spellcheckers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#27 Tap and faucet and spellcheckers

Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 08 Jan 2008 10:40:14

both apple (pink) and sun (spring) had object-oriented operating systems efforts ... and both floundered.

pink sort of morphed into taligent as an application environment and we were brought in to look at it for various reasons.

about the same time, we were also asked if we would consider heading up an effort to turn spring out as a product. i have some of the spring hardcopy information ... but the online softcopy seemed to have gone 404 ... although some of the references may still be in the wayback machine.

spring had an implementation very much like java ... a small footprint environment that allowed efficient transfers of executable images. there have been some past threads about whether java actually grew out of the spring effort ... or was completely independent of the spring effort, aka in the following, see abstract from spring "client-side stub interpreter"):
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003e.html#51 A Speculative question

completely other topic drift ... one of the two people at the los gatos VLSI lab responsible for the pascal language implemenation ... left and went on to become mips software development vp ... and after sgi acquired mips ... became general manager of the sun unit responsible for java.

misc. past posts mentioning pink, taligent, spring:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000.html#10 Taligent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#46 Where are they now : Taligent and Pink
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#48 Where are they now : Taligent and Pink
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#6 Java as a first programming language for cs students
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#32 Whom Do Programmers Admire Now???
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#36 Proper ISA lifespan?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#93 Buffer overflow
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#24 Buffer overflow
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#60 Unisys A11 worth keeping?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#76 Difference between Unix and Linux?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002m.html#60 The next big things that weren't
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003d.html#45 IBM says AMD dead in 5yrs ... -- Microsoft Monopoly vs. IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003e.html#28 A Speculative question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003g.html#62 IBM says AMD dead in 5yrs ... -- Microsoft Monopoly vs. IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003j.html#15 A Dark Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004c.html#53 defination of terms: "Application Server" vs. "Transaction Server"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004l.html#49 "Perfect" or "Provable" security both crypto and non-crypto?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004p.html#64 Systems software versus applications software definitions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005b.html#40 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005f.html#38 Where should the type information be: in tags and descriptors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005i.html#42 Development as Configuration
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005s.html#37 Von Neumann machines. The key to space and much else
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006n.html#20 The System/360 Model 20 Wasn't As Bad As All That
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#51 The Fate of VM - was: Re: Baby MVS???
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#69 The Perfect Computer - 36 bits?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#1 The top 10 dead (or dying) computer skills
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007m.html#36 Future of System/360 architecture?

dig. TV

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: dig. TV
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 08 Jan 2008 10:53:44

the demo i saw in the mid-80s was digital with fec ... and highlighted both the picture quality as signal degraded and also much smaller frequency footprint. the demo was simulated standard tv broadcast that could control signal quality reception (and also was part of the smaller frequency footprint). however, the motivation seemed to be oriented towards cable and satellite TV systems with encoded signal needing settop box to decode and view particular channels/programs (supporting pay-for-view and monthly subscription fees).

the hdtv format "wars" that went on in commerce dept meetings in the early 90s ... were about which country would win ... since the hdtv manufacturing volumes for digital chips was going to be so large, it would easily swamp everything else (including personal computer volumes at the time) ... and the "winner" would easily take-over the (whole) electronics industry.

there was some discussion of analog/digital issues in the part of a study group report mentioned in the previous post ... reference here
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001.html#73 how old are you guys

As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 08 Jan 2008 11:12:44

recently there has been several news stories about Toyota automobiles having quality control problems and falling from number one in some quality rankings.

IBM LCS

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: IBM LCS
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 08 Jan 2008 11:45:35

standard 360/75 (and 360/65) storage was 750 nsec for 8byte interleaved access (some claim that 360/75 was a "hardwired" 360/65 to get extra thruput).

some installations setup LCS as extension of (executable) main memory ... that just ran slower. other installations used it for "emulated" electronic disks ... with emulated data transfers; this could be things like "hasp" buffer records and/or executable images.

i believe the ampex lcs had 8msec access (better than 10 times slower).

if you look in 360/65, 360/67, and 360/75 functional characteristic instruction timings ... one of the things will be a prorated part of 750 nsecs for (the 8byte) instruction fetch i.e. 2byte instructions will include 1/4th of 750nsecs for instruction fetch, 4byte instructions will include 1/2th of 750nsecs for instruction fetch, and 6byte instructions will include 3/4th of 750nsecs for instruction fetch.

this can be somewhat inaccurate for branch operations ... a double-word aligned (2byte) BR instruction ... will incur the full 750nsecs instruction fetch ... since the rest of the double word won't be used for any other instruction operations.

LCS was both an issue of slower electronic memory as well as longer physical signal latency.

by comparison 3090 expanded storage was the same electronic memory but physical packaging resulted in longer signal latency. as a result, it was purely packaged as sort of emulated i/o transfer ... but with a much wider bus (so the latency was amortized over much larger amount of data) and synchronized transfer instructions ... to eliminate the significant pathlength overhead in MVS for asynchronous i/o operations.

later physical packaging (and improved caching infrastructure) eliminated the need for expanded storage ... however, emulated expanded storage (as part of LPAR configuration) lingered on, compensating for other system issues.

IT managers stymied by limits of x86 virtualization

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: IT managers stymied by limits of x86 virtualization
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 08 Jan 2008 22:27:32

one might wonder whether or not this has been affected by having alternative chips offering virtualization capabilities.

another recent item with respect to budgets:

Through to 2010, Server Virtualization Will Have the Single Largest Impact on Budgets
http://www.rti.org/page.cfm?nav=443

from above:
Attracted by dazzling promises of dramatic reductions in the complexity and costs of infrastructures, user IT executives have made virtualization the hottest topic in many years

... snip ...

and this post, somewhat along the same lines
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#0 Marines look for a few less servers, via virtualization

the following threads have strayed quite a bit more into pros & cons of being able to ... or not being able to ... recognize running in virtual environment (i.e. virtualization can be used as countermeasures to compromises ... as well as the crooks possibly using virtualization to disquise compromises):
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#2 Death of antivirus software imminent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#3 Why Security Modelling doesn't work -- the OODA-loop of today's battle
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#4 Death of antivirus software imminent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#6 Death of antivirus software imminent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#7 Why Security Modelling doesn't work -- the OODA-loop of today's battle
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#8 Death of antivirus software imminent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#9 Death of antivirus software imminent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#11 Death of antivirus software imminent

note that mainframe virtualization also evolved into LPARs ... basically a virtualization subset built into the hardware of the machine ... reference in recent threads
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#0 IBM mainframe history, was Floating-point myths

IBM LCS

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: IBM LCS
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 08 Jan 2008 23:07:25

this reference has cornell with 360/65 (not 360/75) with 1mbyte of IBM LCS and then got 2mbytes of Ampex ECM
http://www.cit.cornell.edu/computer/history/Newman.html

When i was undergraduate, I had made quick stop by cornell to talk to worley(?) about hasp (part of east coast trip to attend share) ... recent reference mentioning the trip
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#79 IBM 360 Model 20 Questions

this google book reference says ampex had read/write cycle under 3msecs:
http://books.google.com/books?id=MFGj_PT_clIC&pg=PA201&lpg=PA201&dq=ampex+lcs+ibm+memory&source=web&ots=ZEmo1aj1cO&sig=2ZC1KCUBgSm-Dnfx61fKOK-UaKk

and for x-over from this thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#33 JCL parms

from the cornell computer history article:
One of the things we didn't have, never really had well in the CLASP system and didn't initially have at all well in the Cornell HASP system, was the fast batch turnaround for WATFOR jobs and by then PL/C jobs. One of the programmers there, Walt Haas, had a brainstorm and thought we could just modify reader service and essentially execute these jobs as a subtask of the card reader process. So we would never get in to heavy duty job scheduling for these jobs, they would be executed in the reader process and passed right to the printer queue. In a sense we re-invented the "on-the-fly design" except we had a more modern operating system, a multi-threaded operating system, that made that work out. We called it Instant Turnaround, IT, and it was a mainstay of student computing for quite a while after that. Those were the years when you could go down to the basement of Upson Hall in the middle of winter and put yourself into the middle of a couple of hundred students all with steaming wool overcoats. Computing was just a vile experience for students in those days I would have to say.

... snip ...

Education ranking

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Education ranking
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 09 Jan 2008 08:27:51

Really stupid question about z/OS HTTP server

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Really stupid question about z/OS HTTP server
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: Wed, 09 Jan 2008 10:16:53

some windows references:
http://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver/en/library/b748fb3f-dbf0-4b01-9b22-be14a8b4ae101033.mspx
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/technologies/security/kerberos/default.mspx

some ibm references
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg246540.html?Open
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/dzichelp/v2r2/topic/com.ibm.db29.doc.admin/db2z_establishkerberosthruracf.htm
http://www-03.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/racf/pdf/share_03_2001_racf_kerberos_windows.pdf
http://www-03.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/racf/kmigrate.html

and then there is stuff like:

IBM CICS RACF Security and Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Security
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb463146.aspx

kerberos was originally developed a MIT's Project Athena ...and then became internet standard (GSS) ... and has been adopted by quite a few infrastructures for authentication interoperability

... from my rfc index
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/rfcietff.htm

select Term (term->RFC#) in the RFCs listed by section, and then select "GSS" in "Acryonym fastpath" ... i.e.
generic security service (GSS)
see also network services , security
5021 4768 4757 4752 4559 4557 4556 4537 4462 4430 4402 4401 4178 4121 4120 3962 3961 3645 3244 3129 2942 2853 2744 2743 2712 2623 2479 2478 2203 2078 2025 1964 1961 1510 1509 1508 1411

...

selecting RFC number brings up the corresponding summary in the lower frame ... i.e.
5021 PS
Extended Kerberos Version 5 Key Distribution Center (KDC) Exchanges over TCP, Josefsson S., 2007/08/17 (7pp) (.txt=13431) (Updates 4120) (Refs 4120) (was draft-ietf-krb-wg-tcp-expansion-02.txt)

...

and selecting the ".txt=nnn" field (in rfc summary) retrieves the actual RFC.

misc. past posts mentioning kerberos and/or pk-init
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#kerberos

Really stupid question about z/OS HTTP server

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Really stupid question about z/OS HTTP server
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: Wed, 09 Jan 2008 10:41:05

base infrastructure for all of this has been Kerberos. It was originally developed at MIT's project athena ... which as equally funded by DEC and IBM ... and so we got to go by project athena for periodic project revues.

originally kerberos was purely password (aka shared-secret) authentication. however, passwords can be evesdropped and reused ... being shared-secret, the same value is used for both originating authentication and validating authentication ... which leads to lots of vulnerabilities and operational problems (including what happens when humans have to deal with scores or hundreds of unique passwords)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#secrets

public keys and digital signatures were originally proposed as addressing some of the short-comings of shared-secret infrastructures. first, there is different value for generating authentication information and validating authentication. this can address enormously growing problems with having to manage large number of unique passwords (security 101 typically requires unique passwords for unique security domains as countermeasure to cross-domain attacks ... which is no longer necessary in public key environment).

the original draft of pk-init for kerberos ... simply used public keys and digital signatures ... in lieu of passwords for authentication.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#kerberos

in a purely certificate-less environment:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#certless

However, a variety of public key operation has evolved with include something called digital certificates ... and digital certificate mode of operation was eventually also added to the kerberos pk-init draft.

digital certificates were developed to address the scenario involving first time interaction between complete strangers (aka the letters of credit/introduction from the sailing ship days ... when the relying party had no other means of obtaining information in first time interaction with complete strangers). The purpose of the digital certificates is to carry "certified" information regarding total strangers that can't be obtained any other way.

the issue in all the major institutional authentication scenarios is that digital certificates are redundant and superfluous ... especially in employer/employee scenario ... since it is rarely the case that an employer is dealing with an employee as a total stranger. in a real digital certificate scenario use for (kerberos) authentication, a total stranger ... that is not otherwise known and/or for which there is absolutely no prior information ... is allowed authorized access to the system ... aka nominally the purpose of the digital certificate paradigm is to carry the information about what the person is allowed to do ... and there is no requirement to have any predefined (system) information regarding the individual (and/or what they are allowed or not allowed to do)

Education ranking

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Education ranking
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 09 Jan 2008 12:20:19

slightly related topic drift:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#90 IBM Unionization

and then there was events in china.

Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 09 Jan 2008 17:54:49

some other comments ...

Professors Slam Java As "Damaging" To Students
http://developers.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=08/01/08/0348239
Java panned, defended
http://weblog.infoworld.com/techwatch/archives/015423.html

from above:
Two professors emeritus at New York University, who also happen to be executives at AdaCore, which specializes in the Ada programming language, criticize Java in an article entitled "Computer Science Education: Where Are The Software Engineers of Tomorrow?" in CrossTalk - The Journal of Defense Engineering, this month.

... snip ...

Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 09 Jan 2008 18:45:51

Offshore Considerations for Infrastructure Management
http://www.cioupdate.com/article.php/3720671

from above:
Gartner predicts that infrastructure management is the third wave of services to be offshored after IT services and business processes.
...
there are three major reasons for the increased trend of offshoring infrastructure management:

# Skilled workforce availability;
# Falling telecom costs enabling cheaper data and voice connectivity; and
# Web enabled monitoring and management tools helping remote management of applications and IT infrastructure.

... snip ...

aka ... various work becoming increasingly distance insensitive

some other recent posts with education theme

https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007h.html#42 Experts: Education key to U.S. competitiveness

and

https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#5 IBM Unionization

including (referenced in the above)

National Institute for Literacy
https://web.archive.org/web/20100413134230/http://www.nifl.gov/nifl/facts/facts_overview.html

and

NSF Science and Engineering Indicators 2006
http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/

which also has pointer to

America's Pressing Challenge -- Building a Stronger Foundation
http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsb0602/

above NSF page indicates that mathematics and science achievement is critical.

and this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#78 Education ranking

references US ranking at or near the bottom of industrial countries.

and for more drift, latest effort from the comptroller general

U.S. Financial Condition and Fiscal Future Briefing, 2008 Economic Forecast Forum
http://www.gao.gov/cghome/d08395cg.pdf

includes part of previous reference posts regarding composition of federal spending from 1966 to 2006
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#14 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#15 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#24 Translation of IBM Basic Assembler to C?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#25 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#33 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers

along with excerpts from OECD Key National Indicators: Where the United States Ranks (16 out of 28)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#0 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers

IBM LCS

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: IBM LCS
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 09 Jan 2008 21:47:20

i know ... that was why i phrased it like i did; it was the way some people would present what a 360/75 was.

old internal network references

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: old internal network references
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 09 Jan 2008 22:08:03

from the Cambridge Science Center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech

with regard to the following, I've mentioned before the use of the networking between Cambridge and Endicott for the development of the CP67 that provided 370 virtual machine support (rather than 360), including supporting 370 virtual memory architecture.

with regard to the following, there was at least three science centers: cambridge, phili, and palo alto; three HONE centers: white plains, chicago, and wilshire;

the following "OS" references are to os/360 ... eventually HASP networking which evolved into JES2/NJI.

Date: 10/18/78 13:39:39
To: wheeler

According to several papers published by Yorktown people, they had TSS running in June 1968, and had their TSS-only net running by mid-1969, and had their OS link running in late 1970.

We started on CLMON in summer 1968, about when they got TSS running. We were using CLMON among CP-67, OS, and an 1130 in early 1969. CPREMOTE was first used in September 1969, and by the time they got the TSS<->OS link running in late 1970, the Scientific Centers, Endicott, HONE, and maybe even Yorktown were using CPREMOTE. Probably others, too. This use included some OS links. As of the time Hobgood's paper was written (it was published in the Sys Jour 1Q72), they had not yet successfully made any TSSNET connection with CP-67.

... snip ... top of post, old email index, HONE email

Brief Timeline of the Internet
http://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/timeline.asp

from above:
Sept. 1, 1969 . First ARPANet node installed at UCLA Network Measurement Center. Kleinrock hooked up the Interface Message Processor to a Sigma 7 Computer.

Oct. 1, 1969 . Second node installed at Stanford Research Institute; connected to a SDS 940 computer. The first ARPANet message sent: "lo." Trying to spell log-in, but the system crashed!

Nov. 1, 1969 . Third node installed at University of California, Santa Barbara. Connected to an IBM 360/75.

Dec. 1, 1969 . Fourth node installed at University of Utah. Connected to a DEC PDP-10.

March 1970 . Fifth node installed at BBN, across the country in Cambridge, Mass.

... snip ...

for other vnet early history ...
https://www.leeandmelindavarian.com/Melinda/25paper.pdf

from above:
CPREMOTE was one of the earliest examples of a service virtual machine and was motivated partly by the desire to prove the usefulness of that concept. CPREMOTE was experimental and had limited function, but it spread rapidly within IBM with the spread of CP-67. As it spread, its "operational shortcomings" were removed through independent development work by system programmers at the locations

.. snip ...

as periodically referenced, the internal network was larger than the arpanet/internet from just about the beginning until sometime mid-85.

as i've mentioned before, HONE
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone

was initially created after 23jun69 unbundling announcement
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#unbundle

besides starting to charge for software, it also started to charge for "system engineer" services. this was an issue since junior SEs had been getting on-the-job experience as part of teams at customer accounts (sort of apprentice kind of program). switching to having to charge time for everybody at a customer account eliminated that option. HONE started out as HANDS ON NETWORK ENVIRONMENT, giving SEs "hands-on" experience with "operating systems" running in HONE virtual machines (from branch offices via terminals into remote HONE machines).

The internal network nodes exploded during the 70s. There were on the order of 256 ARPANET nodes at the time of the great switch-over to TCP/IP on 1/1/83 ... a point in time when the internal network was rapidly approaching 1000 nodes ... CPHVMCE in Copenhagen was the 1000th node:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#112 OS/360 names and error codes (was: Humorous and/or Interesting Opcodes)

separate from the internal network, much the same software was also used for (univ/educational) bitnet and earn (in europe)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#bitnet

and as noted the current genre of virtualization and service virtual machines is being referred to as virtual appliances ... misc past posts mentioning virtual appliances.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006t.html#46 To RISC or not to RISC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#25 To RISC or not to RISC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#6 Multics on Vmware ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#8 vmshare
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#36 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#26 user level TCP implementation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#48 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007m.html#67 Operating systems are old and busted
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007m.html#70 Is Parallel Programming Just Too Hard?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#3 Hypervisors May Replace Operating Systems As King Of The Data Center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#25 VMware: New King Of The Data Center?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#4 Why do we think virtualization is new?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#26 Oracle Introduces Oracle VM As It Leaps Into Virtualization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#35 Oracle Introduces Oracle VM As It Leaps Into Virtualization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#39 New, 40+ yr old, direction in operating systems
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#41 New, 40+ yr old, direction in operating systems
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#81 IBM mainframe history, was Floating-point myths
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#75 virtual appliance
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#80 software preservation volunteers ( was Re: LINC-8 Front Panel Questions)

Education ranking

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Education ranking
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 10 Jan 2008 04:05:10

by comparison to domestic criminal justice system possibly being ill prepared to handle 3000-5000 illegal combatants & terrorists

this references
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials

there were

24 tried 20nov45 thru 1oct46, 200 total tried 1945 to 1949 and additional 1600 tried in other parts of military justice. there was also reference to stalin requesting that 50,000 just be executed.

related article
http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/civil-liberties.ars

from above:
McCarthy's talk was well-organized, and he drew heavily on his experiences as a federal prosecutor. McCarthy took as his starting point a simple question: is the criminal justice system an effective means of fighting terrorism? He then suggested that the answer depends on the context in which you ask the question.

... snip ...

1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: 1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 10 Jan 2008 04:41:28

and stuff for electronic commerce
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#gateway

for some additional topic drift ... at that time, there was only an implementation of client-side authentication of the server ... and we required/mandated mutual authentication of both the web merchant (by the payment gateway) and the payment gateway (by the web merchant) to be implemented.

by the time we were done, we pretty much realized while public key authentication provided a lot of advantages, the related use of digital certificates were redundant and superfluous ... somewhat related recent posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#53 Really stupid question about z/OS HTTP server
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#54 Really stupid question about z/OS HTTP server

i.e. basically digital certificates are the electronic analog of the letters of credit/introduction from the sailing ship days ... aid in establishing first time communication between total strangers. the issue in the electronic commerce scenario and the payment gateway required that both the payment gateway be preregistered with the web merchant and the web merchants be preregistered with the payment gateway ... invalidating the underlying justification for having digital certificates and PKI.

competitiveness

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: competitiveness
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 10 Jan 2008 10:26:25

however, maybe the question is not why it is dropping from first place ... but why it is so high at all?

in a technology age, with rankings so low in education and skills ... i.e. recent posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#44 Computer Science Education: Whare Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#46 Computer Science Education: Whare Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#56 Computer Science Education: Whare Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#57 Computer Science Education: Whare Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?

including original post in this thread about science & math education
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#78 Education ranking

and reference to "Where the United States Ranks (16 out of 28)"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#0 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers

so with citizens apparently so mediocre, why is the avg. standard of living so high?

LINC-8 Front Panel Questions

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: LINC-8 Front Panel Questions
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 10 Jan 2008 11:48:04

Why Tape Libraries Still Matter
http://itmanagement.earthweb.com/article.php/3720726

the above states that revenue from tape libraries declined 15.6 percent in 2006 ... but
Despite those statistics, tape users purchased more than 50 percent more capacity as they migrated to higher-capacity and higher-performance tape drives and cartridges. Thus, what looks a fading industry on the surface is very much alive and kicking.

... snip ...

for other drift, old email about doing original cmsback
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#cmsback

that eventually morphed into the current TSM ... as well as collected posts mentioning (tape) backup/archive
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#backup

Radix Partition Trees

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Radix Partition Trees
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: Thu, 10 Jan 2008 22:19:25

As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2008 06:35:58

which is why some number of institutions have declared bankruptcy to get the retirement payments off their books ... and transferred to the gov.

... previous refs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#93 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#38 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#26 2007 Year in Review on Mainframes - Interesting

quite a bit of discussion in this previously referenced wiki page
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pension_Benefit_Guaranty_Corporation

also here:
http://www.pbgc.gov/

from the wiki page:
Before ERISA, employers and willing unions could agree to increase benefits with little thought to how to pay for them. A classic case of the unfortunate consequences of an underfunded pension plan is the 1963 shutdown of Studebaker automobile operations in South Bend, Indiana, in which 4,500 workers lost 85% of their vested benefits.[10] One of ERISA's stated intentions was to minimize underfunding in defined benefit plans.

... snip ...

.... and other posts mentioning fully funded (or not) pension plans:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#9 A hundred subjects: 64-bit OS2/eCs, Innotek Products,
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#42 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004d.html#14 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004l.html#37 I am an ageing techy, expert on everything. Let me explain
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#27 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#35 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#36 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#53 Mainframe Linux Mythbusting (Was: Using Java in batch on z/OS?)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#20 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#91 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#39 competitiveness

As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2008 08:59:00

besides the (long standing) issue of inadequately funded pension plans, there is current issue of some pension plans invested in toxic CDOs

there are issues with lending practices in the subprime mortgage market.

howver, possibly even more important is current enormous uncertainty in the valuation of the toxic CDOs (not so much that they may actually be worthless ... but nobody currently can tell the real value).

Some of this may be related to the "Consumer Reports" issue (i.e. rating institutions not accepting money from the corporations behind the products being rated).

Another part of the issue is the methodology in doing the ratings/valuation, recent post with several toxic CDO related references:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#25 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers

above includes reference:

How Conventional CDO Analytics Missed the Mark
http://www.bobsguide.com/guide/news/2007/Dec/20/Kamakura_Releases_Study:_How_Conventional_CDO_Analytics_Missed_the_Mark.html

again from above:
"Two years ago the Wall Street Journal in a page 1 story pointed out the dangers in relying on the copula approach for CDO valuation, but investors were slow to realize the magnitude of their model risk"

... snip ...

and old post with reference to problems in the 80s evaluating risk in variable rate mortgages
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay3.htm#riskm The Thread Between Risk Management and Information Security

there is possibly some connection/overlap between the 80s inspiration/insight regarding variable rate mortgages and the more recent reference (in wall street journal article) regarding CDOs.

File Transfer conundrum

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: File Transfer conundrum
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2008 09:45:10

"swift-2" providing internet capability and opening up for b-to-b;

we had been brought in to consult with small client/server startup that wanted to do payment transactions on their server; they also had this technology they called SSL they wanted to use ... and result is sometimes now called e-commerce. part of the effort was something called payment gateway (transition between internet and acquiring networks)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#gateway

we then were involved in x9a10 financial standard working group (in the mid-90s had been given the requirement to preserve the integrity of the financial infrastructure for all retail payments) that resulted in the x9.59 financial standard
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#x959

some years ago we were also asked to provide some input to the swift-2 (what it was called at the time) specification.

Connecting to the secure IP network (SIPN)
http://www.swift.com/index.cfm?item_id=2304

from above:
SWIFTNet messaging services are provided via SWIFT's secure IP network (SIPN), a highly secure and reliable network. Full redundancy, advanced recovery mechanisms and first class operations and customer support services ensure continuous network availability for SWIFTNet services.

... snip ...

SWIFTNet Interfaces Qualification
http://www.swift.com/index.cfm?item_id=2451

other refs:

Securities Markets Infrastructures
http://www.swift.com/index.cfm?item_id=2437

Banking Markets infrastructures
http://www.swift.com/index.cfm?item_id=57981

from above:
Additionally, SWIFT is now complementing its position in the wholesale, high value clearing market by extending its portfolio of SWIFTNet messaging solutions to the low-value payments and ACH market.

... snip ...

Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2008 11:56:27

there is independent thread in a.f.c regarding the same article, some of the posts:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#44 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#46 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#56 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#57 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#62 competitiveness

part of it related to reduced math requirements and part of it related to java (including some mention of java early days).

as noted in the radix partition trees thread ... some of luther's work showed up in mainframe instructions.

i had been involved in the original relational/sql implementation, system/r
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#systemr

and technology transfer to endicott for sql/ds. for other topic drift ... one of the people in the meeting referenced here ... had mentioned that they had done much of the work for the technology transfer back from endicott to stl for db2
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13

about the same time as the original relational/sql work, I also was involved doing some stuff with a similar, but different kind of dbms implementation (joint project between some people in stl and the los gatos vlsi group). this had some of the similar objectives as the relational/sql activity ... but significantly relaxed the requirements for structured data definition ... and used radix partition trees for its indexing structure (and the person involved in the two mainframe instructions was brought in to consult on some of the work).

there was some differences between the old-style '60s DBMS contingent in STL and the relational/sql contingent ... with the '60 DBMS contingent pointing out that relational/sql typically doubled the physical disk requirements (for the table indexes) and also greatly increased the physical disk i/os (for processing the indexes). the relational/sql contingent countered that the use of indexes was part of eliminating the direct record pointer paradigm (that were characteristic of the '60 DBMS) as well as all the associated administrative overhead.

during the 80s, things started to tip towards relational/sql ... with disk cost/byte significantly reduced and significant increases in system real storages (allowing index caching, eliminating many of the additional index disk physical i/os) .... aka change in hardware cost tradeoff versis administrative/skill overhead.

for other drift, a totally independent implementation i use for maintaining the rfc index information
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/rfcietff.htm

as well as the merged glossary/taxonomy information
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/index.html

Rotary phones

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Rotary phones
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2008 12:32:20

As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2008 14:52:07

as per most recent and various previous references
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#50 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#25 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers

in the mid-80s there were number of large complex computer applications that were used in evaluated risks in various financial instruments. this long winded post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay3.htm#riskm Thread Between Risk Management and Information Security

includes mention that there was some deficiencies related to variable rate mortgages in the 80s risk management/evaluation computer software ... and, at least in one case a "fix/correction" led to citibank getting out of the mortgage business.

roll forward nearly 20 years ... and something similar has happened. also mentioned in recent posts about current large complex risk management/evaluation computer software:

How Conventional CDO Analytics Missed the Mark
http://www.bobsguide.com/guide/news/2007/Dec/20/Kamakura_Releases_Study:_How_Conventional_CDO_Analytics_Missed_the_Mark.html

also mentioned in previous posts:

U.S. Mortgage Crisis Rivals S&L Meltdown
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB119724657737318810.html?mod=googlenews_wsj

from above:
Indeed, coming up with a value for a CDO entails analyzing more than 100 separate securities, each of which contains several thousand individual loans -- a feat that, if done on any scale, can require millions of dollars in computing power alone.

... snip ...

not only is there some issues whether it is currently being calculated correctly ... but that it is a mammoth amount of calculation.

As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2008 20:17:35

a few other (computerized) risk modeling
Credit risk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_risk
Modeling the Reality of Risk: The Cornerstone of Enterprise Risk Management
http://www.irmi.com/Expert/Articles/2001/Shah07.aspx
The largest collections of credit risk modeling resource
http://www.defaultrisk.com/
Stress Tests: Useful Complements to Financial Risk Models
http://www.frbsf.org/publications/economics/letter/2005/el2005-14.html
Financial Risk Modeling : DecisionCraft Analytics
http://www.decisioncraft.com/dmdirect/financial.htm
Statistical Methods for Dynamical Stochastic Models.
http://www.math.ku.dk/~mikosch/maphysto_alex/alex.html
The Big Picture | Risk Model
http://bigpicture.typepad.com/comments/2008/01/risk-model.html
FDIC: Strengthening Financial Risk Management at the FDIC
http://www.fdic.gov/deposit/insurance/strengthening/pgs34-39.html
Credit Risk Modelling: Current Practices and Applications
http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs49.htm
Capital Based Risk Modeling
http://www.aon.com/as/en/risk/captive/based_risk.jsp
Risk Management and Risk Modeling Software Tools
http://www.roselladb.com/risk-modeling.htm

and wiki page:

Risk modeling
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_modeling

from above:
Formal risk modeling is required under the Basel II proposal for all the major international banking institutions by the various national depository institution regulators.

Quantitative risk analysis and modeling have become important in the light of corporate scandals in the past few years (most notably, Enron), Basel II, the revised FAS 123R and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In the past, risk analysis was done qualitatively but now with the advent of powerful computing software, quantitative risk analysis can be done quickly and effortlessly.

... snip ...

misc past posts mentioning basel and/or sarbanes-oxley:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay3.htm#riskm The Thread Between Risk Management and Information Security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm5.htm#xmlvch implementations of "XML Voucher: Generic Voucher Language" ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm5.htm#epaym "e-payments" email discussion list is now "Internet-payments"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay8.htm#bis7 BIS Papers No. 7 - Electronic finance: a new perspective and challenges
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm10.htm#smallpay3 Small/Secure Payment Business Models
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm10.htm#cfppki19 CFP: PKI research workshop
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay10.htm#50 glossary
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay11.htm#29 CIOs Must Be Involved In Controlling Risk In Financial Services
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm14.htm#50 E-banking is board-level Issue, Says Basel Committee
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm14.htm#52 Committee calls for better e-banking security management
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm16.htm#7 The Digital Insider: Backdoor Trojans ... fyi
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm19.htm#10 Security as a "Consumer Choice" model or as a sales (SANS) model?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm21.htm#3 Is there any future for smartcards?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm22.htm#26 FraudWatch - Chip&Pin, a new tenner (USD10)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm23.htm#10 PGP "master keys"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#12 Sarbanes-Oxley is what you get when you don't do FC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#13 Sarbanes-Oxley is what you get when you don't do FC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#14 Sarbanes-Oxley is what you get when you don't do FC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#15 Sarbanes-Oxley is what you get when you don't do FC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#26 Fraudwatch - how much a Brit costs, how to be a 419-er, Sarbanes-Oxley rises as fraud rises, the real Piracy
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#43 Audit Follies - Atlantic differences, branding UnTrust, thunbs on Sarbanes-Oxley, alternates
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm26.htm#2 Audit Follies - Atlantic differences, branding UnTrust, thunbs on Sarbanes-Oxley, alternates
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm27.htm#11 Is this Risk Management's Waterloo?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003k.html#41 An Understanding Database Theory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005k.html#23 More on garbage
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005t.html#26 Dangerous Hardware
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#33 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#58 Sarbanes-Oxley
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006i.html#1 Sarbanes-Oxley
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006j.html#28 Password Complexity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#35 the personal data theft pandemic continues
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006u.html#22 AOS: The next big thing in data storage
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007b.html#63 Is Silicon Valley strangeled by SOX?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#0 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#74 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#75 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#0 The Unexpected Fact about the First Computer Programmer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007r.html#61 The new urgency to fix online privacy

Radix Partition Trees

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Radix Partition Trees
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2008 21:18:38

a few old posts mentioning luther:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/98.html#19 S/360 operating systems geneaology
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/98.html#20 Reviving the OS/360 thread (Questions about OS/360)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001.html#2 A new "Remember when?" period happening right now
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001d.html#28 Very CISC Instuctions (Was: why the machine word size ...)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#73 Most complex instructions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#14 index searching
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#18 Mainframers: Take back the light (spotlight, that is)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002q.html#10 radix sort
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003e.html#80 "Super-Cheap" Supercomputing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003i.html#58 assembler performance superiority: a given
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003i.html#83 A Dark Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004l.html#10 Complex Instructions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005c.html#35 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005c.html#38 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005e.html#37 Where should the type information be?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#57 How would a relational operating system look like?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#55 mainframe performance, was Is a RISC chip more expensive?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#18 Folklore references to CP67 at Lincoln Labs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#68 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?

Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 12 Jan 2008 09:17:27

for some other topic drift:

Yes, The Tech Skills Shortage Is Real; The IT skills famine plaguing the United States is only going to get worse.
http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=205900413

from above:
The growth in IT-related positions is driven by new opportunities to leverage technology in the organization, and by businesses recognizing the impact that IT can have on revenue. Another important factor contributing to the growth in demand for IT talent is beginning to appear in news headlines: "By 2010, 40% of the U.S. workforce is set to retire." The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that in 2010, there will be 52% more people in the 55-to-64 age bracket than there were in that age group in 2000. Organizations will face significant knowledge loss because of retirements over the coming decade.

... snip ...

and somewhat related to the above mention of "impact that IT can have on revenue"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#70 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#71 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales

also from the "tech skills shortage"
Nearly 70% of middle school teachers lack education and certification in mathematics, let alone computer and business skills, the National Center for Education finds.

... snip ...

and:
In a significant move, the European Union is pushing to provide "blue cards" aimed at attracting foreign-born IT pros to combat the shortage of tech talent in that region. If successfully implemented, the blue cards would apply in all 27 EU member states, increasing their economic competitiveness.

... snip ...

and other related recent threads mentioning IT and competitiveness.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007f.html#57 Is computer history taught now?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007f.html#61 Is computer history taught now?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#6 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#7 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007h.html#42 Experts: Education key to U.S. competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#10 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#22 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#15 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#23 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#32 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007r.html#70 Latest OECD broadband data puts US in middle of the pack on speed, price
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#15 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#18 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#31 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#43 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#78 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#20 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#28 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#39 competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#57 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#62 competitiveness

Virtualization Wave

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Virtualization Wave
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 12 Jan 2008 10:36:25

Acquisition Creates Virtualization Powerhouse
http://www.crn.com/it-channel/205603045

Channel At The Center Of Virtualization Wave
http://www.crn.com/it-channel/205602022

from above:
According to two recent exclusive CMP Channel surveys, solution providers said server virtualization is becoming a larger part of their business and it's also quickly becoming the catalyst for a wide range of other service offerings, including disaster recovery and data center consolidation.

... snip ...

last week in jan68, three people came out to the univ from the science center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech

to install cp67.

page 2 (of the above), The Intangible Factor
http://www.crn.com/it-channel/205602022?pgno=2

from above:
While some of the benefits of the technology—such as reduced power, cooling, floor space, maintenance requirements and better control of data backups—are tangible to customers, there is so much more that can be done. "If customers are not exposed to server virtualization, it's up to the VAR to bring it to their attention," he added.

... snip ...

recent posts:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#10 For the History buff's an IBM 5150 pc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#17 Usefulness of bidirectional read/write?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#30 hacked TOPS-10 monitors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#33 JCL parms
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#41 IT managers stymied by limits of x86 virtualization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#50 IT managers stymied by limits of x86 virtualization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#59 old internal network references

Rotary phones

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Rotary phones
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 12 Jan 2008 11:42:18

and for even more vmshare topic drift ...

on the internal network
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet

there was an application that supported both a usenet type of operation and an email distribution list type of operation. it was possible to "subscribe" to a discussion group (as in email mailing list) and/or participate in discussion group in more usenet like mode.

some of this possibly prompted the evolution of the later "listserv"
http://www.lsoft.com/corporate/ericthomas.asp
http://www.lsoft.com/corporate/history_listserv.asp

(email distribution list) application that appeared on bitnet and earn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#bitnet

old earn/networking email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#email840320
in this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#65 UUCP email

however, predating both, was tymshare corporation offered vmshare online discussion groups (hosted on their commercial service bureau vm370-based online timesharing)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#timeshare

in mid-70s (Aug76) ... vmshare archive
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/

old email mentioning vmshare
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#vmshare

Rotary phones

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Rotary phones
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 12 Jan 2008 12:04:24

and even more drift extract from the listserv reference:
1990

Eric Thomas was hired by SUNET (the Swedish University Network) to help build a computer network with the ambition of making Sweden the leading IT nation in Europe. Because of this, LISTSERV development continued in Stockholm, Sweden.

Passive probes were added to LISTSERV.

1991

The international BITNET network reached its peak, connecting some 1,400 organizations in 49 countries for the electronic, non-commercial exchange of information in support of research and education. Thanks largely to the volunteer efforts of Eric Thomas, BITNET provided thousands of electronic mailing lists based on LISTSERV.

Eric Thomas did not want his software to disappear with the mainframes. Therefore, he started looking for ways to port LISTSERV to other environments, such as VMS and Unix.

... snip ...

Radix Partition Trees

From: lynn@GARLIC.COM (Anne & Lynn Wheeler)
Subject: Re: Radix Partition Trees
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: 12 Jan 2008 11:32:41 -0800

my original comment was "for the fun of it" ... look at the mainframe instructions ... on par with other comments about considering red-black trees, etc.

the other comment was with respect to Luther ... who I believe has been involved in both.

note a radix partition tree implementation can use bit strings and involve the bit displacement/place that the strings differ ... in such a situation ... rather than doing something like calculating a key for the entry ... take the bit string value itself and create a tree with forks at where there are bit differences.

radix as in numerical encoding system:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radix

from above:
The highest symbol of a positional numeral system usually has the value one less than the value of the radix of that numeral system.

... snip ...

radix as in radix tree:

Radix tree:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radix_tree

from above:
Unlike balanced trees, radix trees permit lookup, insertion, and deletion in O(k) time rather than O(log n). This doesn't seem like an advantage, since normally k ≥ log n, but in a balanced tree every comparison is a string comparison requiring O(k) worst-case time, many of which are slow in practice due to long common prefixes. In a trie, all comparisons require constant time, but it takes m comparisons to look up a string of length m. Radix trees can perform these operations with fewer comparisons and require many fewer nodes.

Hash tables are commonly said to have expected O(1) insertion and deletion times, but this is only true when considering computation of the hash of the key to be a constant time operation. When hashing the key is taken into account, hash tables have expected O(k) insertion and deletion times, but will take longer in the worst-case depending on how collisions are handled. Radix trees have worst-case O(k) insertion and deletion. The successor/predecessor operations of radix trees are also not implemented by hash tables.

... snip ...

i.e. rather than treating each bit in a value for tree position ... deal only with the location where there are bit differences ... difference displacements that are shorter (nearer the front of the string) will appear higher in the tree.

As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 13 Jan 2008 13:09:00

the original Basel II draft included a new "qualitative" section (in addition to all the traditional risk quantitative requirements). we were interest in developing applications for the new specification ... for other topic drift ...
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay3.htm#riskm The Thread Between Risk Management and Information Security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003k.html#41 An Understanding Database Theory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#47 'Innovation' and other crimes

however, during the Basel II review cycles much of the new section was removed. however, a few similar requirements did show up in sarbanes-oxley.

Rotary phones

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Rotary phones
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 13 Jan 2008 13:40:29

independent of that, we did do some completely different stuff in high-speed data transport project
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt

working on getting, nearly full media thruput over T1 (and higher-speed) full-duplex links. besides the traditional speeds&feeds stuff ... there was also a lot of work on forward-error-correcting and encryption.

recent FEC related post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#43 dig. TV

some old email mentioning encryption
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#crypto

part of the issue was satellite transmissions are felt to be especially easy to intercept ... however corporate standards was that all transmission (terrestrial or satellite) leaving corporate facilities had to be encrypted. at one point in the mid-80s, there was a comment that the internal network
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet

had more than half of all link encryptors in the world. In that period, link encryptors for 56kbit transmission weren't too bad, but I really didn't like the price I had to pay for T1 link encryptors .. and higher-speed were pretty much custom implementations. a couple old posts mentioning the T3 "data aggravator" encryption unit (as well as a few other HSDT issues)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#16 Why I use a Mac, anno 2006
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006n.html#36 The very first text editor

i was involved in project for packet-level encryption board that could change key on every packet and could substain better than T2 full-duplex ... and was targeted for $100 (all of which involved numerous complications).

Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 13 Jan 2008 14:55:45

Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2008/01/toyota_gm.html

from above:
Toyota reported 2007 worldwide sales of 9.37 million cars and trucks and that could be enough to propel the Japanese corporation ahead of General Motors to become the world's largest automaker.

GM, which is held the title for 76 years, will report company sales figures January 23. Analysts, however, estimate GM sales for 2007 at approximately 9.3 million cars and trucks.

... snip ...

Education ranking

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Education ranking
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 13 Jan 2008 15:14:14

refs:
http://www.us-highways.com/soworld.htm
http://www.us-highways.com/sohist1999.htm
http://www.us-highways.com/sohist.htm

and

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esso

from above:
In those states, it marketed its products under the brand "Esso", the phonetic pronunciation of the letters "S" and "O". It also used the Esso brand in New York and the six New England states, where the Standard Oil Company of New York (Mobil) had the rights, but did not object to the New Jersey company's use of the trademark (the two companies did not merge until 1998). However, in the other states, the other Standard Oil companies objected and forced Jersey Standard to use other brand names

... snip ...

Rotary phones

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Rotary phones
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2008 08:48:42

Education ranking

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Education ranking
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2008 22:27:19

a current version is called ebrd ... a couple past posts mentioning Marshall Plan and EBRD:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm22.htm#43 Votes are coins stamped with the Red Queen's head
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006f.html#9 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006f.html#10 The Pankian Metaphor

EBRD:
http://www.ebrd.com/

although

History of the OECD
http://www.people.ku.edu/~nkinners/LangList/Langs/M/Mesa.htm

from above:
The forerunner of the OECD was the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), which was formed to administer American and Canadian aid under the Marshall Plan for reconstruction of Europe after World War II. Since it took over from the OEEC in 1961, the OECD vocation has been to build strong economies in its member countries, improve efficiency, hone market systems, expand free trade and contribute to development in industrialised as well as developing countries.

... snip ...

earlier post with OECD reference:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007r.html#70 Latest OECD broadband data puts US in middle of the pack on speed, price

and there have been recent references to this OECD study
http://www.oecd.org/document/40/0,3343,en_32252351_32235731_39701864_1_1_1_1,00.html

which was what started this thread
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#78 Education ranking

and other posts in the thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#80 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#82 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#16 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#19 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#20 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#38 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#39 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#44 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#45 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#51 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#71 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#52 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#55 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#60 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#81 Education ranking

Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2008 08:36:15

one of the us manufacturer formed C4 effort ... mostly leveraging information technology to cut the 7-8yr elapsed time new product effort in half (3-4yrs elapsed time for new product from start to finish). toyota had done that already ... and was on its way to cutting it in half again ... i.e. possibly less than 1-2yrs elapsed time for new product from start to finish ... much more agile adapting to changing conditions and/or consumer preferences, aka significantly more competitive in a changing environment.

misc. past posts mentioning participating in some of the C4 activities.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#43 Reason Japanese cars are assembled in the US (was Re: American bigotry)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003i.html#61 TGV in the USA?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004c.html#51 [OT] Lockheed puts F-16 manuals online
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004h.html#22 Vintage computers are better than modern crap !
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006.html#44 IBM 610 workstation computer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#14 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#20 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#49 The Pankian Metaphor (redux)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006v.html#14 In Search of Stupidity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007f.html#50 The Perfect Computer - 36 bits?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#29 The Perfect Computer - 36 bits?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#34 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#52 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#13 U.S. Cedes Top Spot in Global IT Competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#33 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#31 IBM obsoleting mainframe hardware

Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2008 08:44:13

dare i mention OODA-loops (and john boyd)? ... being much more agile at rapidly adapting to changing/evolving conditions.

recent posts mentioning boyd &/or OODA-loops
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#2 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#11 Information security breaches quadrupled in 2007
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#21 No Glory for the PDP-15
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#45 No Glory for the PDP-15

misc. past posts mentioning john boyd
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html#boyd
misc. URLs from around the web mentioning john boyd
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html#boyd2

Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2008 09:06:41

it isn't just about producing a better product ... it is having agility to rapidly create/adapt new products to changing consumer preferences (aka another form of just-in-time).

one of the "points" from the c4 time-frame was not only were far east automobile builders moving to possibly less than 12month new product cycle ... really mess-up the US tradition of annual purchase of yearly new (disposible?) car models ... there was some observation that far east consumer electronic manufacturers were on 90day new product cycle .... supply chain from origin to retail store shelves could be greater than new product cycle (aka new products were being created ... before the previous models had cleared the shelves at retail stores).

Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2008 09:33:32

a little OODA-loop and john boyd topic drift:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html#boyd

leveraging "IT technology" competitive agility, adapting automobile products to changing conditions and changing consumer preferences:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#28 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#48 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#65 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#80 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#84 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#85 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#86 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM

folklore indeed

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: folklore indeed
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2008 10:30:42

if you go to time-sequence operation ... it is possible to treat both task-based and timesharing as subsets of common infrastructure ... just dealing with the amounts and types of resources dealt with, over some time-period. somewhat related recent post about a joke and dynamic adaptive resource management:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#16 No Glory for the PDP-15

on the timesharing side ... there were numerous implementations that made implicit assumptions that any single resource request would be significantly less than the available resources ... so a lot of the more complex resource allocation issues could be ignored. some amount of past posts related to timesharing and especially virtual machine based commercial timesharing service bureaus
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#timeshare

on the timesharing side ... the frequently trivial operations ... any pre-allocation could be significantly more expensive than the (tivial) operation itself ... so on-the-fly, dynamic could be much more efficient. on the task-based side ... some of the operations are so massive ... that the efficiency trade-offs between pre-allocation and on-the-fly allocation completely reverses (pre-allocation for massive tasks saves enormous amounts of infrastructure overhead ... vis-a-vis on-the-fly). some recent post mentioning the "pre-allocation" overhead for trivial, student fortran exercises (was significantly larger than the fortran programs themselves):
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#33 JCL parms
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#51 IBM LCS

people w/o any significant direct exposure to massive amounts of normal, business-critical dataprocessing that goes on the world today (keeping lots of the infrastructure operating) ... and have possibly mostly only dealt with univ. and/or desktop programming ... will have a totally different perspective with regard to lots of the issues ... aka some of the thinking styles/viewpoints may be heavily influenced by experience.

and now for something completely different:

Culture Influences Brain Function, Study Shows
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/080111102934.htm

folklore indeed

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: folklore indeed
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2008 11:23:48

os/360 (and descendants) batch did this ... recent posts mentioning some issues for (trivial) micro-resource operations
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#33 JCL parms
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#51 IBM LCS

note however, cp67 (and vm370 descendants) virtual machine operation had to simultaneously support both trivial interactive operations and timesharing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#timeshare

as well as large (os/360) batch operations.

heavy duty allocation ... can consume more resources than the actual operation ... for the trivial, timesharing operations. however, for the large, industrial strength dataprocessing tasks; doing trivial, timesharing allocation can consume more resources than the actual industrial strength, dataprocessing task. timesharing will typically perform some sort of pre-allocation ... but it will be in much smaller granularities ... a sequence of micro-allocations (somewhat "on-demand")

an issue is to be able to dynamically adapt the quantity of resources being allocated (per event) to the type of work being performed. misc. past posts mentioning dynamic adaptive resource management
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#fairshare

one of the other approaches in the large os/360 batch operation genre were the transaction monitors ... like cics ... misc. past posts mentioning cics (and/or bdam)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#bdam

and/or DBMS operations ... like DB2, IMS, etc. These were long running "batch" operations with large amounts of pre-allocated resources ... and then these subsystems would "sub-allocate" resources (in much smaller granularities) to various online transactions (like settop box pay-for-view ... or ATM machine cash operations).

Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2008 11:40:39

and for a somewhat different perspective is the current subprime situation. some amount of it is some consumers not being able to anticipate/understand that variable rate mortgages might mean that their mortgage payments would go up.

however, a significant amount of the news is really about investors buying up toxic CDO with inaccurate risk ratings ... in effect, paying more for a lower risk rating ... however, it is now turning out that nobody really knows what a lot of the risk ratings actually are. In the current situation, w/o this risk rating knowledge ... there is now a tendency to assume the worst possible risk with implication of extremely low value (huge amount of current news about institutions doing "write-downs").

on one of the tv business news shows, they just asked why hasn't there been better "risk management 101" (and is the current problem, leadership, technology, and/or understanding).

recent posts with references to risk management technology:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#66 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#70 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#71 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#78 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales

older posts on the topic from last year:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#81 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#82 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#10 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#12 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#0 The Unexpected Fact about the First Computer Programmer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#50 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#28 what does xp do when system is copying
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#41 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007r.html#58 Fixing our fraying Internet infrastructure
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007r.html#60 Fixing our fraying Internet infrastructure
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#25 Translation of IBM Basic Assembler to C?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#28 Translation of IBM Basic Assembler to C?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#4 Translation of IBM Basic Assembler to C?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#12 Translation of IBM Basic Assembler to C?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#50 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#25 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers

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